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Breclav (; German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
 Lundenburg) is a town
Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
 in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
, southeast of Brno
Brno

Brno is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1243, although the area had been settled since the 5th century. Today Brno has 403,304 inhabitants and is the seat of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, Supreme Prosecutor's Office and Ombudsman....
. It is located at the border with Lower Austria
Lower Austria

Lower Austria is one of the nine Bundesland or Bundesl?nder in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria is Sankt P?lten — the most recent capital town in Austria....
 on the Dyje River. The next largest town in Austrian territory is Hohenau an der March.

Pohansko In the area of the town several localities have been discovered which were settled in prehistory
Prehistory

Prehistory is a term often used to describe the period before Recorded history. Paul Tournal originally coined the term Pr?-historique in describing the finds he had made in the caves of southern France....
. Of these the most is important one called Pohansko (meaning "a paganish (place)") southeast of the town, which became a significant grad in Great Moravian times
Great Moravia

Great Moravia was a Slavic people state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century. There is some controversy as to the actual location of its core territory....
.






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Breclav (; German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
 Lundenburg) is a town
Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
 in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
, southeast of Brno
Brno

Brno is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1243, although the area had been settled since the 5th century. Today Brno has 403,304 inhabitants and is the seat of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, Supreme Prosecutor's Office and Ombudsman....
. It is located at the border with Lower Austria
Lower Austria

Lower Austria is one of the nine Bundesland or Bundesl?nder in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria is Sankt P?lten — the most recent capital town in Austria....
 on the Dyje River. The next largest town in Austrian territory is Hohenau an der March.

History


Pohansko
In the area of the town several localities have been discovered which were settled in prehistory
Prehistory

Prehistory is a term often used to describe the period before Recorded history. Paul Tournal originally coined the term Pr?-historique in describing the finds he had made in the caves of southern France....
. Of these the most is important one called Pohansko (meaning "a paganish (place)") southeast of the town, which became a significant grad in Great Moravian times
Great Moravia

Great Moravia was a Slavic people state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century. There is some controversy as to the actual location of its core territory....
. In the 10th century it was abandoned; today there is an archaeological site
Archaeological site

An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record...
 with an exhibition.

Breclav Castle
In 11th century a border castle
Castle

A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor...
 was established by Duke Bretislaus I
Bretislaus I of Bohemia

Bretislaus I , known as The Bohemian Achilles, of the house of the Premyslids, was the duke of Bohemia from 1035 till death.Bretislaus was a son of duke Oldrich of Bohemia and his would-be wife Bo?ena....
 which took his name (in Czech Bretislav ? Breclav). The castle served as one of the ducal administrative centres in medieval Moravia
Moravia

Moravia is a Historical regions of Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. It takes its name from the Morava River, Central Europe which rises in the northwest of the region....
, later becoming a manor house
Manor house

A manor house or fortified manor-house is a country house, which has historically formed the administrative centre of a manor , the lowest unit of territorial organization in the feudal system....
. The Zierotins rebuilt it in Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 style. In 1638 the House of Liechtenstein gained it, but the family did not reside there and in the early 19th century they rebuilt it to artificial ruins
Artificial ruins

Artificial ruins or imitation ruins are edifice fragments built to resemble real remnants of historic buildings.Artificial ruins became fashionable in Germany interpretations of baroque and english gardens, like the Ruinenberg....
 as a part of the Lednice-Valtice cultural-natural complex
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape

The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is a cultural-natural complex of 283,09 km? in the Czech Republic, South Moravian Region, close to Breclav and Mikulov, next to another site registered by UNESCO - P?lava Landscape Protected Area....
.

Town
There was originally a market town
Market town

Market town or market right is a law term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host Market, distinguishing them from villages and city....
 by the castle, which was destroyed in the 15th century and then refounded closer to the castle (which is in the area of today's town centre); the original spot has been called Old Breclav (Stará Breclav) since that time. Both the (new) market town and village of Old Breclav were badly damaged in battles during the 17th century.

The opening of a railway to Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
 and Brno
Brno

Brno is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1243, although the area had been settled since the 5th century. Today Brno has 403,304 inhabitants and is the seat of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, Supreme Prosecutor's Office and Ombudsman....
 in 1839 (and subsequent extensions to a junction) represented an important event, that brought industrialisation and population growth: from 2,952 inhabitants (of Breclav and Old Breclav together) in 1834 to 13,689 in 1930. As a consequence, Breclav obtained town
Town

A town is a type of human settlement ranging from a few to several thousand inhabitants, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas; the precise meaning varies between countries and is not always a matter of legal definition....
 status (1872), becoming the seat of the judicial (1850) and political (1949) district
Okres

Okres refers to administrative entities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.The first districts, both in the Czech lands and Slovakia, developed from domains in 1850 by decision of the imperial government of Austrian monarchy ....
. In 1919 three original municipalities merged (Breclav, Old Breclav and Jewish Municipality of Breclav); in 1974 another two - Poštorná and Charvátská Nová Ves (both were parts of Lower Austria
Lower Austria

Lower Austria is one of the nine Bundesland or Bundesl?nder in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria is Sankt P?lten — the most recent capital town in Austria....
 until 1920) - were joined. In 1938
Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland, which were areas along borders of Czechoslovakia, mainly inhabited by Czech Germans....
-1945
End of World War II in Europe

The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II of World War II as well as the German surrender took place in late April and early May 1945....
 Breclav was a part of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
, although the town's population was mostly Czech-speaking. Local Jews (4,3 % in 1930) and Germans
Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
 (11,6 %) were expelled both during and after World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
.

Transport


Breclav today is an important hub in the railroad network (the first junction
Junction (rail)

A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge.This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes , provided by...
 in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
). It is located at the intersection of the routes to and from Brno
Brno

Brno is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1243, although the area had been settled since the 5th century. Today Brno has 403,304 inhabitants and is the seat of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, Supreme Prosecutor's Office and Ombudsman....
 - Prague
Prague

Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
, Ostrava
Ostrava

Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic, however it is the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. It is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence....
 - Kraków
Kraków

Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....
/Katowice
Katowice

Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Klodnica and Rawa river rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km from the Silesian Beskids and about 100 km from Sudetes....
 (Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
), Kúty
Kuty

Kuty is a urban-type settlement in Ukraine, on the Cheremosh river, located in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. It is notable as one of the historical centres and the namesake of a historical region of Pokuttya....
 - Bratislava
Bratislava

Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 427,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River....
 (Slovakia
Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
) and Hohenau an der March - Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
 (Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
).

Sights

  • A Renaissance
    Renaissance

    The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
     castle from the 16th century with an arcade on the courtyard; during the first half of the 19th century it was completely rebuilt as Neo-Gothic "artificial ruins"
  • St. Wenceslas parish church in the Masaryk Square - a contemporary architecture from 1992-1995 on the spot of a Baroque
    Baroque

    In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
     one destroyed in World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
  • Synagogue - Neo-Romanesque building from 1868 with Neo-Moorish
    Moorish Revival

    Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of the Romanticist Orientalism....
     elements inside; nowadays it serves as a part of the town museum
  • St. Mary parish church in Poštorná - a unique Neo-Gothic construction with a cupola
    Cupola

    File:Faneuil Hall Boston Massachusetts.JPGIn architecture, a cupola is a small, most-often dome-like structure, on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome....
    , built in 1895-1898 with use of special bricks from local factory
  • Jewish Cemetery with tombstones from the 18th century and a Neo-Gothic morgue from 1892
  • Resurrection Chapel from 1875 in an area of the former cemetery in the Sovadina street


Close to the train station there are:
  • St. Rochus Chapel (in front of the Gymnasium
    Gymnasium (school)

    A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar schools in the United Kingdoms or sixth form colleges and U.S....
    ) - built in 1892 in memory of a cholera epidemic
  • St. Cyril and Methodius Chapel (in a park in front of the station) - built in 1853-1856 in memory of a recovery of Prince of Liechtenstein, local lord; it served as a place of worship for local Catholic parish before the St. Wenceslas Church was built


In the surroundings:
  • Pohansko - an archaeological site from Great-Moravian
    Great Moravia

    Great Moravia was a Slavic people state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century. There is some controversy as to the actual location of its core territory....
     times
  • The Lednice-Valtice Area
    Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape

    The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is a cultural-natural complex of 283,09 km? in the Czech Republic, South Moravian Region, close to Breclav and Mikulov, next to another site registered by UNESCO - P?lava Landscape Protected Area....
     - a UNESCO World Heritage Site
    World Heritage Site

    A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
     since 1996


Gallery


Twin towns

Zwentendorf
Zwentendorf

Zwentendorf an der Donau is a small market municipality in Lower Austria, Austria, with 3,280 inhabitants. It is located at , in the Tullnerfeld on the southern bank of the Danube....
, Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 Trnava
Trnava

Trnava is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trn?vka river. It is the capital of a Regions of Slovakia and of an Districts of Slovakia ....
, Slovakia
Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
 Brezová pod Bradlom
Brezová pod Bradlom

Brezov? pod Bradlom is a town in the Myjava District, Trenc?n Region, western Slovakia, at the western foothills of the Little Carpathians, in the Z?horie region....
, Slovakia
Slovakia

Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
 Andrychów
Andrychów

Andrych?w is the largest town in Wadowice County in southern Poland with 22,257 inhabitants as of 2006. It has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 Šentjernej
Šentjernej

?entjernej is a town and a municipality in Slovenia....
, Slovenia
Slovenia

Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
 Nový Bor
Nový Bor

Nov? Bor is a town in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. There is developed production of glass artifacts, small precision motors and, increasingly, tourism....
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....


See also

  • Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape
    Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape

    The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is a cultural-natural complex of 283,09 km? in the Czech Republic, South Moravian Region, close to Breclav and Mikulov, next to another site registered by UNESCO - P?lava Landscape Protected Area....


External links