Brassicaceae

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Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, the mustard family or cabbage family is a family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
of flowering plants (Angiospermae). The name Brassicaceae is derived from the included genus

Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
Brassica
Brassica

Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family . The members of the genus may be collectively known either as cabbages, or as mustards....
. Cruciferae is an older name, meaning "cross-bearing", because the four petal

Petal

A petal is one member or part of the Corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its advertising coloration....
s of their flowers are reminiscent of a cross

Cross

A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other, dividing one or two of the lines in half. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally; if they run diagonally, the design is technically termed a saltire....
. According to ICBN Art. 18.5 (Vienna Code) both Cruciferae and Brassicaceae are regarded as validly published, and are thus accepted as names for the family.

It contains over 330 genera

Genus

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
, according to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive gardens and Greenhouses between Richmond, London and Kew in southwest London, England....
.

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Encyclopedia

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, the mustard family or cabbage family is a family

Family (biology)

Genus

Petal

Cross

Genus

Species

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive gardens and Greenhouses between Richmond, London and Kew in southwest London, England....
. The largest genera are Draba
Draba

Draba is a large genus of Brassicaceae plants, commonly known as Whitlow-grasses. There are over 300 species.Selected species:*Draba albertina - slender draba...
(365 species), Cardamine
Cardamine

Cardamine , is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of Annual plant and Perennial plant. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitat , except in the Antarctic....
(200 species, but its definition is controversial), Erysimum (225 species), Lepidium
Lepidium

Lepidium is a genus of plants in the mustard family Brassicaceae. It includes about 175 species found worldwide, including cress and pepperweed; additional common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort....
(230 species) and Alyssum
Alyssum

Alyssum is a genus of about 100-170 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region....
(195 species.)

The family contains well-known species such as Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea

Brassica oleracea or Wild Mustard, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its tolerance of sodium chloride and calcium carbonate and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs....
(cabbage, cauliflower...), Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa, commonly known as field mustard or turnip mustard is a plant widely cultivated as a leaf vegetable , a root vegetable, and an oilseed....
(turnip, Chinese cabbage...), Brassica napus (rapeseed...), Raphanus sativus (common radish), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Matthiola
Matthiola

Matthiola or stock is a genus of flowering plants. It is named after Pietro Andrea Mattioli.A cool season annual. Flowers are singles or doubles in a wide array of colors and are very sweet smelling....
(stock), Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana , is a small flowering plant native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa. A spring annual with a relatively short life cycle, Arabidopsis is popular as a model organism in plant biology and genetics....
(model genetic organism) and many others.

Distribution

The family is cosmopolitan, but is concentrated in the northern temperate

Temperate

In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally mild, rather than extreme hot or cold....
regions and reaches maximal diversity around the Mediterranean area.

Taxonomy

The family is included in Brassicales

Order (biology)

In Biological classification used in biology, the order is a taxonomic rank between class and family . The superorder is a rank between class and order....
according to the APG system

APG system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistics analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes....
. Older systems (e.g. Arthur Cronquist's

Cronquist system

A list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants ....
) placed them into the Capparales

Capparales

Capparales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays....
, a now defunct order which had a similar definition.

A close relationship has long been acknowledged between Brassicaceae and the caper

Caper

The caper is a perennial spiny bush that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. A caper is also the pickled bud of this plant....
family, Capparaceae

Capparaceae

Capparaceae , commonly known as the Caper family, is a family of plants in order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, it contains 33 genera and about 700 species....
, in part because members of both groups produce glucosinolate

Glucosinolate

The glucosinolates are a class of organic compounds that contain sulfur and nitrogen and are derived from glucose and an amino acid. They occur as secondary metabolites of almost all plants of the order Brassicales , but also in the genus Drypetes ....
(mustard oil) compounds. Recent research (Hall et al. 2002) suggests that Capparaceae as traditionally circumscribed are paraphyletic with respect to Brassicaceae, with Cleome
Cleome

Cleome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. Previously it had been placed in family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to Brassicaceae than Capparaceae....
and several related genera being more closely related to Brassicaceae than to other Capparaceae. The APG II system therefore has merged the two families under the name 'Brassicaceae'. Other classifications have continued to recognize Capparaceae but with a more restricted circumscription, either including Cleome and its relatives in Brassicaceae or recognizing them in the segregate family Cleomaceae

Cleomaceae

Cleomaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, comprising about 300 species in 10 genera. These genera were previously included in the family Capparaceae, but were raised to a distinct family when DNA evidence showed that the genera included in it are more closely related to the Brassicaceae than they are to the C...
. The , has recently adopted this last solution, but this may change as a consensus arises on this point. This article deals with Brassicaceae sensu stricto, i.e. treating Cleomaceae and Capparaceae as segregate families.

Description

The family consists only of herbaceous

Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
plants with annual, biennial or perennial lifespans.

The leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
are alternate

Phyllotaxis

In botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of the leaf on the plant stem of a plant....
(rarely opposite

Phyllotaxis

In botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of the leaf on the plant stem of a plant....
), sometimes organized in basal rosette

Rosette

Rosette can refer to:*Rosette , a small flower design, especially used in antiquity*Rosette , a small circular device that can be awarded with medals...
s. They are very often pinnately incised and do not have stipule

Stipule

In botany, stipule is a term coined by Carolus Linnaeus which refers to outgrowths borne on either side of the base of a leafstalk . A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent ....
s.

The structure of the flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s is extremely uniform throughout the family. They have four free saccate sepals and four clawed free petals, staggered. They can be disymmetric or slightly zygomorphic, with a typical cross-like arrangement (hence the name 'Cruciferae'). They have six stamen

Stamen

The stamen is the male organ of a flower. Each stamen generally has a stalk called the filament , and, on top of the filament, an anther , and pollen sacs, called sporangium....
s, four of which are longer (as long as the petals, so relatively short in fact) and are arranged in a cross like the petals and the other two are shorter (tetradynamous flower). The pistil is made up of two fused carpels and the style is very short, with two lobes. Superior ovary. The flowers form ebracteate racemose

Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches....
inflorescences, often apically corymb-like.

Pollination

Pollination

Pollination in flowering plants and gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen, which contain the male gametes to where the female gamete are contained within the carpel; in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself....
occurs by entomogamy, nectar is produced at the base of the stamens and stored on the sepals.

The fruit
Fruit

The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants....
is a peculiar kind of capsule

Capsule (fruit)

In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart to release the seeds within....
named siliqua (plural siliquae, American English silique/siliques). It opens by two valves, which are the modified carpels, leaving the seed

Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s attached to a framework made up of the placenta and tissue from the junction between the valves (replum). There is often an indehiscent beak at the top of the style and one or more seeds

SEEDS

SEEDS is a voluntary organisation registered under the Societies Act of India.SEEDS was formed in 1994 as an informal group of students and pedagogues of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, whose common interests brought them together and made them carry human habitat environment related exercises beyond set academic target...
may be borne there. Where a siliqua is less than three times as long as it is broad , it is usually termed a silicula. The siliqua may break apart at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds, thus forming a sort of loment

Loment

A loment is a type of modified legume that breaks apart at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds. Being a legume, it is dry at maturity and is dehiscent, meaning that it will split open at maturity....
(e.g. Raphanus
Raphanus

'Raphanus' is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Two or three species are currently classified in Raphanus. They include the cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus and the common wild radish or jointed charlock, R....
), it may eject the seeds explosively (e.g. Cardamine
Cardamine

Cardamine , is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of Annual plant and Perennial plant. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitat , except in the Antarctic....
) or may be evolved in a sort of samara

Samara

Samara may refer to:...
(e.g. Isatis
Isatis

Isatis is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. The genus includes woad ....
). Unsurprisingly the fruit is often the most important diagnostic character for plants in this family.

The Brassicaceae do not form mycorrhizae, although rare exceptions do exist.

Most members share a suite of glucosinolate compounds that has a typical pungent odour usually associated with cole crops.

Uses

The importance of this family for food crops has led to its selective breeding throughout history. Some examples of cruciferous food plants are the cabbage

Cabbage

The cabbage is a leafy garden plant of the Family Brassicaceae , used as a Leaf vegetable. It is a herbaceous, biennial plant, dicotyledonous flowering plant distinguished by a short stem upon which is crowded a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties red or purplish, forming a characteristic compact, globular cluster ....
, broccoli

Broccoli

Broccoli is a plant of the cabbage family Brassicaceae .It is classified as the Italica cultivar group of the species Brassica oleracea. Broccoli possesses abundant arboreal, luscious, fleshy, flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible, sturdy, meaty stalk....
, cauliflower

Cauliflower

Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seed....
, turnip

Turnip

The turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, bulbous taproot. Small, tender, varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as fodder for livestock....
, rapeseed

Rapeseed

Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rapaseed and canola, is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae ....
, mustard

Mustard

Mustard may refer to:...
, radish

Radish

The radish is an Eating root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman Empire times. They are grown and consumed throughout the world....
, horseradish

Horseradish

Horseradish is a perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family, which also includes Mustard plant, wasabi, and cabbages. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia, but is popular around the world today....
, cress

Garden cress

Garden cress is a fast-growing, edible plant botanically related to watercress and Mustard plant and sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma....
and watercress

Watercress

Watercresses are fast-growing, aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial plants native from Europe to central Asia, and one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by human beings....
.

Matthiola
Matthiola

Matthiola or stock is a genus of flowering plants. It is named after Pietro Andrea Mattioli.A cool season annual. Flowers are singles or doubles in a wide array of colors and are very sweet smelling....
(stock), Cheiranthus
Cheiranthus

Cheiranthus, also known as wall-flower, is a large genus from the family Brassicaceae. They are perennial plants grown for their colourful flowers....
, Alyssum
Alyssum

Alyssum is a genus of about 100-170 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region....
and Iberis
Iberis

Iberis is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises herbs and subshrubs of the Old World. These species are commonly known as candytufts....
(candytufts) are appreciated for their flowers. Lunaria
Lunaria

Lunaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to central and southern Europe. It includes two species, Perennial honesty and Annual honesty....
(honesty) is cultivated for the decorative value of the tranlucent repulum of the round silicula that remains on the dried stems after dehiscence.

Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidium
Lepidium

Lepidium is a genus of plants in the mustard family Brassicaceae. It includes about 175 species found worldwide, including cress and pepperweed; additional common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort....
and many Cardamine
Cardamine

Cardamine , is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of Annual plant and Perennial plant. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitat , except in the Antarctic....
are common weeds.

Isatis tinctoria (woad) was used in the past to produce the colour indigo

Indigo

Indigo is the color on the electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nanometre in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet . Although traditionally considered one of seven divisions of the optical spectrum, modern color scientists do not usually recognize indigo as a separate division and generally classify wavelengths shorter...
.

Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana , is a small flowering plant native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa. A spring annual with a relatively short life cycle, Arabidopsis is popular as a model organism in plant biology and genetics....
is arguably the most important model organism

Model organism

A model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biology phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms....
in the study of the flowering plants (Angiospermae).

Genera

Acanthocardamum
Acanthocardamum

Acanthocardamum is a monotypic genus in the family Brassicaceae, native to southern Iran. The sole species is Acanthocardamum erinaceum....
; Aethionema
Aethionema

Aethionema is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae. The genus is collectively known as the stonecresses....
; Agallis
Agallis

Agallis of Corcyra was a female grammarian who wrote about Homer, according to Athenaeus. Some scholars believe her to have belonged to the hetaerae class....
; Alliaria; Alyssoides; Alysopsis; Alyssum
Alyssum

Alyssum is a genus of about 100-170 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region....
; Ammosperma; Anastatica; Anchonium; Andrzeiowskia; Anelsonia
Anelsonia

Anelsonia is a monotypic genus in the Brassicaceae containing the single species Anelsonia eurycarpa, which is known by the common name daggerpod....
; Aphragmus; Aplanodes; Arabidella; Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis is a genus in the family Brassicaceae. They are small flowering plants related to cabbage and Mustard plant. This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress , one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced....
; Arabis
Arabis

'Arabis' is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae.Though traditionally recognized as a large genus with many Old World and New World members, more recent evaluations of the relationships among these species using genetic data suggest that there are two major groups within the old genus Ar...
; Arcyosperma; Armoracia
Horseradish

Horseradish is a perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family, which also includes Mustard plant, wasabi, and cabbages. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia, but is popular around the world today....
; Aschersoniodoxa; Asperuginoides; Asta; Atelanthera; Athysanus
Athysanus

Athysanus is a monotypic genus whose only species is Athysanus pusillus, the common sandweed. It is an annual herb with long, spindly stems on which grow small, unassuming white flowers....
; Aubrieta
Aubrieta

Aubrieta is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. The genus is named after Claude Aubriet, a France flower-painter....
; Aurinia
Aurinia

Aurinia is a genus of flowering plant of the family Brassicaceae....
; Ballantinia; Barbarea
Barbarea

Barbarea is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in southern Europe and southwest Asia....
; Beringia; Berteroa; Berteroella; Biscutella
Biscutella

Biscutella is a genus of about 46 species of flowering plants of Brassicaceae or Cruciferae family, according to Appel, O. & Al-Shehbaz, I. 2003 ....
; Bivonaea; Blennodia; Boleum; Boreava; Bornmuellera; Borodinia; Botscantzevia; Brachycarpaea; Brassica
Brassica

Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family . The members of the genus may be collectively known either as cabbages, or as mustards....
; Braya; Brayopsis; Brossardia; Bunias
Bunias

Bunias is a genus in the Brassicaceae family. The genus includes only two accepted species, Bunias erucago and Bunias orientalis ....
; Cakile
Cakile

Cakile is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Species in this genus are commonly known as searockets, though this name on its own is applied particularly to whatever member of the species is native or most common in the region concerned, the European searocket Cakile maritima in Europe, and the American sea...
; Calepina; Calymmatium; Camelina
Camelina

Camelina is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. One species, Camelina sativa, is a historic and potentially important oil plant....
; Camelinopsis; Capsella
Capsella

see also Capsela construction toysThe genus Capsella belongs to the Mustard family Brassicaceae....
; Cardamine
Cardamine

Cardamine , is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of Annual plant and Perennial plant. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitat , except in the Antarctic....
; Cardaminopsis; Cardaria; Carinavalva; Carrichtera; Catadysia; Catenulina; Caulanthus
Caulanthus

Caulanthus is a genus of plants in the Brassicaceae. Plants of this genus may be known as jewelflowers. They are also often referred to as wild cabbage, although this common name usually refers to wild variants of Brassica oleraceae, the cabbage plant....
; Caulostramina
Caulostramina

Caulostramina is a monotypic plant genus in the Brassicaceae containing the single species Caulostramina jaegeri, which is known by the common name cliffdweller....
; Ceratocnemum; Ceriosperma; Chalcanthus; Chamira; Chartoloma; Cheesemania; Cheiranthus
Cheiranthus

Cheiranthus, also known as wall-flower, is a large genus from the family Brassicaceae. They are perennial plants grown for their colourful flowers....
; Chlorocrambe; Chorispora; Christolea; Chrysobraya; Chrysochamela; Cithareloma; Clastopus; Clausia; Clypeola; Cochlearia; Coelonema; Coincya
Coincya

Coincya is a genus of flowering plant that belongs to the family Brassicaceae and is endemism to the British Isles. Only three species of plant belong to the genus, these being Coincya wrightii , Coincya cheiranthus and Coincya monensis, which has two subspecies, Coincya monensis subsp....
; Coluteocarpus; Conringia
Conringia

Conringia is a genus of plants in the Brassicaceae known commonly as hare's ear mustards. These herbs are native to Eurasia, although one species Conringia orientalis, is known on many continents as a common weed....
; Cordylocarpus; Coronopus
Coronopus

Coronopus is a genus of plants in the Brassicaceae known commonly as swinecress or wartcress. These are generally low spreading plants with many long stems and deeply lobed leaves and small white or purple flowers....
; Crambe
Crambe

Crambe is a genus of Brassicaceae native to Europe, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. It includes among its species seakale , grown as a leaf vegetable, Crambe cordifolia which is grown as an herbaceous border perennial, and Crambe abyssinica, which is grown for an oil from the seeds that has similar characteristics to wh...
; Crambella; Cremolobus; Crucihimalaya; Cryptospora; Cuphonotus; Cusickiella
Cusickiella

Cusickiella is a small genus containing two species of plants in the Brassicaceae. These are mat-forming perennials with stumpy branches covered in rounded clusters of tiny thick leaves....
; Cycloptychis; Cymatocarpus; Cyphocardamum; Dactylocardamum; Degenia
Degenia

Degenia is a monotypic plant genus in the Brassicaceae containing the single species Degenia velebitica . The yellow-flowered plant is Endemic to Velebit mountain range and has become a symbol of the region....
; Delpinophytum; Descurainia
Descurainia

Descurainia is a genus of plants in the Brassicaceae which are known commonly as the tansymustards. They are similar in appearance to other mustards, sending up long erect stems and bearing small yellow or whitish flowers....
; Diceratella; Dichasianthus; Dictyophragmus; Didesmus; Didymophysa; Dielsiocharis; Dilophia; Dimorphocarpa; Diplotaxis
Diplotaxis

Diplotaxis is a genus of about 30-35 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, the Mediterranean region, and Macaronesia; the species diversity is highest in northwest Africa and Cape Verde....
; Dipoma; Diptychocarpus; Dithyrea
Dithyrea

Dithyrea is a small genus of flowering plants in the Brassicaceae containing only one or two species. The California shieldpod or spectacle-pod, Dithyrea californica, is an abundant and unique-looking herb native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico....
; Dolichirhynchus; Dontostemon; Douepea; Draba
Draba

Draba is a large genus of Brassicaceae plants, commonly known as Whitlow-grasses. There are over 300 species.Selected species:*Draba albertina - slender draba...
; Drabastrum; Drabopsis; Dryopetalon; Eigia; Elburzia; Enarthrocarpus; Englerocharis; Eremobium; Eremoblastus; Eremodraba; Eremophyton; Ermania; Ermaniopsis; Erophila; Eruca
Eruca

Eruca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.The number of species is disputed, with some authorities only accepting a single species, while others accept up to five species....
; Erucaria; Erucastrum
Erucastrum

Erucastrum is a genus of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family.It contains the following species:* Erucastrum gallicum* Erucastrum rostratum...
; Erysimum; Euclidium
Euclidium

Euclidium is a small genus of Brassicaceae containing two species, Euclidium syriacum and Euclidium tenuissimum. These are white-flowered annual herbs native to Eurasia....
; Eudema
Eudema

Eudema is a genus of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family.It contains the following species:* Eudema nubigena...
; Eutrema; Euzomodendron; Farsetia
Farsetia

Farsetia is a genus of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family.It contains the following species:*Farsetia aegyptia Turra*Farsetia cornus-africani Jonsell...
; Fezia; Fibigia
Fibigia

Fibigia is a flowering plant of the genus Fibigia in the family Brassicaceae.*Fibigia clypeata Medik.*Fibigia eriocarpa Boiss....
; Foleyola; Fortuynia; Galitzkya; Geococcus; Glaribraya; Glastaria; Glaucocarpum; Goldbachia; Gorodkovia; Graellsia
Graellsia

Graellsia is a genus of moths in the Saturniidae family .It contains the following species:* Graellsia isabellae ...
; Grammosperma; Guillenia
Guillenia

Guillenia is a small genus of mustard plants containing three species. These are sometimes treated as members of the jewelflower genus Caulanthus....
; Guiraoa; Gynophorea; Halimolobos
Halimolobos

Halimolobos is a genus of flowering plants in the Brassicaceae known generally as fissureworts. These are biennial and perennial herbs which are mostly native to North America, especially Mexico....
; Harmsiodoxa; Hedinia; Heldreichia; Heliophila
Heliophila

Club-pointed Heliophila is the only member of the genus Heliophila within the flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. In addition, some species of this genus are used like a ornamental plants....
; Hemicrambe
Hemicrambe

Hemicrambe is a genus of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family.It contains the following species:* Hemicrambe townsendii...
; Hemilophia; Hesperis
Hesperis

Hesperis is a genus of flowering plants in the Brassicaceae. Most are native to Eurasia, with several Endemism to Turkey. Many plants of this genus bear showy, fragrant flowers in shades of purple and white....
; Heterodraba
Heterodraba

Heterodraba is a monotypic genus of plants in the Brassicaceae containing the single species Heterodraba unilateralis, which is known by the common name ladiestongue mustard....
; Hirschfeldia; Hollermayera; Hormathophylla; Hornungia
Hornungia

Hornungia is a small genus of plants in the Brassicaceae. It currently contains three species that have previously been classified as members of other genera, including Hutchinsia and Pritzelago....
; Hornwoodia; Hugueninia; Hymenolobus; Ianhedgea; Iberis
Iberis

Iberis is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises herbs and subshrubs of the Old World. These species are commonly known as candytufts....
; Idahoa
Idahoa

Idahoa is a monotypic genus of plants in the Brassicaceae containing the single species Idahoa scapigera, which is known by the common names scalepod and oldstem idahoa....
; Iodanthus; Ionopsidium
Ionopsidium

Ionopsidium is a genus of the botany family Brassicaceae, endemism to the western Mediterranean region.References...
; Irenepharsus; Isatis
Isatis

Isatis is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. The genus includes woad ....
; Ischnocarpus; Iskandera; Iti
ITI

Different meanings of ITI include:* The Institute of Translation & Interpreting, which is a professional association representing translators and interpreters in the United Kingdom....
; Ivania; Kernera; Kremeriella; Lachnocapsa
Lachnocapsa

Lachnocapsa is a genus of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family.It contains the following species:* Lachnocapsa spathulata...
; Lachnoloma; Leavenworthia; Lepidium
Lepidium

Lepidium is a genus of plants in the mustard family Brassicaceae. It includes about 175 species found worldwide, including cress and pepperweed; additional common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort....
; Lepidostemon; Leptaleum; Lesquerella
Lesquerella

Lesquerella is a genus of flowering plants in the familyBrassicaceae. Some are referred to by the common name Bladderpod and bladderpod oil is extracted from the seeds of Lesquerella fendleri and certain other species in the genus....
; Lignariella; Lithodraba; Lobularia
Lobularia

Lobularia is a genus of four or five species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, closely related to the genus Alyssum.The genus is native to Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region, and comprises annual plants growing to 10-40 cm tall, with oblong-oval leaves and white flowers....
; Lonchophora; Loxostemon; Lunaria
Lunaria

Lunaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to central and southern Europe. It includes two species, Perennial honesty and Annual honesty....
; Lyocarpus; Lyrocarpa; Macropodium; Malcolmia
Malcolmia

Malcolmia is a genus from the family Brassicaceae. Species from this genus are native to Europe and Africa.Several species are cultivated for their flowers, these include Virginian stock ....
; Mancoa; Maresia; Mathewsia; Matthiola
Matthiola

Matthiola or stock is a genus of flowering plants. It is named after Pietro Andrea Mattioli.A cool season annual. Flowers are singles or doubles in a wide array of colors and are very sweet smelling....
; Megacarpaea; Megadenia; Menkea; Menonvillea; Microlepidium; Microsysymbrium; Microstigma
Microstigma

Microstigma is a genus of alga.References ...
; Morettia; Moricandia
Moricandia

Moricandia is a genus of plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Moricandia ramburii commonly known as violet cabbage, a native of the Mediterranean, is cultivated as a garden flower....
; Moriera; Morisia; Murbeckiella; Muricaria; Myagrum; Nasturtiopsis; Nasturtium; Neomartinella; Neotchihatchewia; Neotorularia; Nerisyrenia; Neslia; Neuontobotrys; Notoceras; Notothlaspi; Ochthodium; Octoceras; Olimarabidopsis; Onuris; Oreoloma; Oreophyton; Ornithocarpa; Orychophragmus; Otocarpus; Oudneya; Pachycladon; Pachymitus; Pachyphragma; Pachypterygium; Parlatoria; Parodiodoxa; Parolinia; Parrya; Parryodes; Pegaeophyton; Peltaria
Peltaria

Peltaria is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae.Selected species*Peltaria alliacea*Peltaria alliaria*''Peltaria angustifolia...
; Peltariopsis; Pennellia; Petiniotia; Petrocallis; Phaeonychium; Phlebolobium; Phlegmatospermum; Phoenicaulis; Physaria; Physocardamum; Physoptychis; Physorrhynchus; Platycraspedum; Polyctenium
Polyctenium

Polyctenium goes by the common name 'combleaf,' owing to the resemblance of its deeply lobed leaves to a comb. There are two species within the genus: one, Polyctenium williamsiae, is quite rare and is specially protected in Nevada....
; Polypsecadium; Pringlea; Prionotrichon; Pritzelago; Pseuderucaria; Pseudoarabidopsis; Pseudocamelina; Pseudoclausia; Pseudofortuynia; Pseudovesicaria; Psychine; Pterygiosperma; Pterygostemon; Pugionium; Pycnoplinthopsis; Pycnoplinthus; Pyramidium; Quezeliantha; Quidproquo; Raffenaldia; Raphanorhyncha; Raphanus
Raphanus

'Raphanus' is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Two or three species are currently classified in Raphanus. They include the cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus and the common wild radish or jointed charlock, R....
; Rapistrum; Reboudia; Redowskia; Rhizobotrya; Ricotia; Robeschia; Rollinsia; Romanschulzia; Roripella; Rorippa
Rorippa

Rorippa is a flowering plant genus in the cabbage family , containing approximately 80 species native to Europe through central Asia, Africa, and North America....
; Rytidocarpus; Sameraria; Sarcodraba; Savignya; Scambopus; Schimpera; Schivereckia; Schizopetalon
Schizopetalon

Schizopetalon is a genus of the botany family Brassicaceae.References...
; Schlechteria; Schoenocrambe; Schouwia; Scoliaxon; Selenia; Sibara
Sibara

Sibara is a genus of ten plant species in the Brassicaceae known commonly as the winged rockcresses. They are native to North America....
; Silicularia; Sinapidendron; Sinapis
Sinapis

Sinapis is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae. One of the species in this genus is White mustard . Black mustard is sometimes placed in this genus as well, but is more often placed in the related genus Brassica....
; Sisymbrella; Sisymbriopsis; Sisymbrium
Sisymbrium

Sisymbrium is a genus of plants in the cabbage family , Brassicaceae....
; Smelowskia; Sobolewslia; Sohms-Laubachia; Sophiopsis; Sphaerocardamum; Spirorhynchus; Spryginia; Staintoniella; Stanfordia; Stanleya
Stanleya

Stanleya is the name of two genera:*Stanleya : a genus of gastropod*Stanleya : a genus of plant...
; Stenopetalum; Sterigmostemum; Stevenia; Straussiella; Streptanthella; Streptanthus
Streptanthus

Streptanthus is a genus within the Mustard plant family, Brassicaceae. There are 40 known species within the Streptanthus genus, which species are distributed in the southwestern U.S....
; Streptoloma; Stroganowia; Stubebdorffia; Subularia
Subularia

Subularia is a genus in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Subularia species are annual herbs that grow in moist or even flooded soils. Primary representatives of the genus are Subularia aquatica, which is widespread in North America; and Subularia monticola, from Africa....
; Succowia; Synstemon; Synthlipsis; Taphrospermum; Tauscheria; Teesdalia; Teesdaliopsis; Tetracme; Thelypodiopsis; Thelypodium; Thlaspeocarpa; Thlaspi
Thlaspi

Thlaspi are a genus of herbs of temperate regions of the Eurasian continent. They occur in Central and South Europe, SW Asia and 2 speces are endemic in China....
; Thysanocarpus
Thysanocarpus

Thysanocarpus is a small genus of plants in the Brassicaceae known generally as fringepods or lacepods. These are small, erect annual herbs....
; Trachystoma; Trichotolinum; Trochiscus; Tropidocarpum
Tropidocarpum

Tropidocarpum is a genus of flowering plants in the Brassicaceae. There are two to four species, one of which is extremely rare. Tropidocarpum capparideum, the caper-fruited tropidocarpum, is a plant Endemism to California generally considered to be extinct since the 1950s, but has been reported since....
; Turritis; Vella (plant); Warea
Warea

Warea is a community in the west of Taranaki, in the North Island of New Zealand. it is located on New Zealand State Highway network, 26 kilometres north of Opunake....
; Wasabia; Weberbauera; Werdermannia; Winklera; Xerodraba; Yinshania; Zerdana
Zerdana

Zerdana Boiss. is an Iranian Endemism and monotypic genus in family Brassicaceae with the single species of Zerdana anchonioides Boiss....
; Zilla
Zilla (genus)

Zilla is one of the most ancient brassicaceae, growing in the Sharo-Arabian extreme deserts. It is a short leaved herbaceous naked, bluish-waxy Perennial plant or an Annual plant with a roundish canopy....

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External links

in http://delta-intkey.com
Flowers in Israel