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Brackish water is water that has more salinity
Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. Salinity in Australian English and North American English may also refer to the salt in soil ....
 than fresh water
Fresh Water

Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve....
, but not as much as seawater
Seawater

Seawater is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5%, or 35 parts per thousand . This means that every 1 kg of seawater has approximately 35 grams of sea salt ....
. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries
Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifer
Aquifer

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well....
s. The word comes from the Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible....
 root "brak," meaning "salten" or "salty" Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular certain civil engineering
Civil engineering

Civil engineering is a Professional Engineer discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings....
 projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farm
Freshwater prawn farm

A freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawn or shrimp for human consumption. Freshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with, and many of the same problems as, marine shrimp farming....
ing.






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Brackish water is water that has more salinity
Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. Salinity in Australian English and North American English may also refer to the salt in soil ....
 than fresh water
Fresh Water

Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve....
, but not as much as seawater
Seawater

Seawater is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5%, or 35 parts per thousand . This means that every 1 kg of seawater has approximately 35 grams of sea salt ....
. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries
Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifer
Aquifer

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well....
s. The word comes from the Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible....
 root "brak," meaning "salten" or "salty" Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular certain civil engineering
Civil engineering

Civil engineering is a Professional Engineer discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings....
 projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farm
Freshwater prawn farm

A freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawn or shrimp for human consumption. Freshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with, and many of the same problems as, marine shrimp farming....
ing. Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process. Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it is damaging to the environment (see article on shrimp farms
Shrimp farm

A shrimp farm is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption. Commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan and Western Europe....
).

Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 to 30 grams of salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
 per litre
Litre

The litre or liter is a unit of volume. There are two official symbols: the Latin letter L in lower and upper case . The lower case L is often written as a cursive l to avoid confusion with the number 1 in antiqua fonts....
—more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt or ‰). Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity regimes
Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. Salinity in Australian English and North American English may also refer to the salt in soil ....
 and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space and/or time.

Brackish water habitats


Estuaries


Monodactylus Argenteus
Brackish is a mixture of sea water and fresh water, and an estuary
Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
 is a body of water where fresh and salt water mix. The most extensive brackish water habitats worldwide are estuaries, where a river meets the sea.

The River Thames flowing through London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 is a classic river estuary. The town of Teddington
Teddington

Teddington is in London, England on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hampton Wick and Twickenham. It stretches inland from the River Thames to Bushy Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames....
 a few miles west of London marks the limit of the tidal part of the Thames, although it is still a freshwater river about as far east as Battersea
Battersea

Battersea is a place in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is an inner-city district located 2.9 miles south west of Charing Cross. It has a population of 75,651 people ....
 insofar as the average salinity is very low and the fish fauna consists predominantly of freshwater species such as roach
Roach

Roach can refer to:Animals* Cockroaches* See article, 'My Roaches Love Spaghetti'* Roach , certain members of family Cyprinidae:** the genus Rutilus, which includes the Common Roach ...
, dace
Dace

A dace is any of a number of species of small fish. The unmodified name is usually a reference to the Common Dace . Like this, most fishes called "daces" belong to the family Cyprinidae, mostly in subfamily Leuciscinae....
, carp
Carp

Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish originally from Eurasia and southeast Asia....
, perch
Perch

Perca is the genus of fish referred to as perch or, sometimes, yellow perch, a group of freshwater fish belonging to the family Percidae....
, and pike. The Thames Estuary
Thames Estuary

The Thames Estuary is the area in which the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea.It is not easy to define the limits of the estuary , although physically the head of ??Sea Reach??, near Canvey Island on the Essex shore is probably the western boundary....
 becomes truly brackish between Battersea and Gravesend
Gravesend, Kent

Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex, England. It is the administrative town of the Districts of England of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England....
, and the diversity of freshwater fish species present is smaller, primarily roach and dace, euryhaline
Euryhaline

Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the Poecilia_sphenops which can live in Fresh_water, brackish, or Sea_water water....
 marine species such as flounder
Flounder

Flounder are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie., Northern Atlantic and waters along the east coast of the United States and Canada, and the Pacific Ocean, as well....
, European seabass
European seabass

The European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, also known as Morone labrax, is a primarily ocean-going fish that sometimes enters brackish and fresh water....
, mullet
Mullet (fish)

The mullets or grey mullets are a family of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and in some species in fresh water also....
, and smelt become much more common. Further east, the salinity increases and the freshwater fish species are completely replaced by euryhaline marine ones, until the river reaches Gravesend, at which point conditions become fully marine and the fish fauna resembles that of the adjacent North Sea
North Sea

The North Sea is a marginal sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf. The Dover Strait and the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north connect it to the Atlantic Ocean....
 and includes both euryhaline and stenohaline
Stenohaline

Stenohaline describes an organism, usually fish, that cannot handle a wide fluctuation in the salt content of water. Stenohaline is derived from the words: "steno" meaning narrow, and "haline" meaning salt....
 marine species. A similar pattern of replacement can be observed with the aquatic plants and invertebrates living in the river , .

This type of ecological succession
Ecological succession

Ecological succession, a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological Community ....
 from a freshwater to marine ecosystem
Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment....
 is typical of river estuaries. River estuaries form important staging points during the migration of anadromous and catadromus
Fish migration

Many types of fish migration on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and over distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers....
 fish species, such as salmon
Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout,the difference is often attributed to the migratory life of the salmon as compared to the residential behaviour of trout, this holds true for the Atlantic salmon....
 and eel
Eel

True eels are an order of fish, which consists of four suborders, 19 Family s, 110 genera and approximately 600 species. Most eels are predators....
s, giving them time to form social groups and to adjust to the changes in salinity. Salmon are anadromous, meaning they live in the sea but ascend rivers to spawn; eels are catadromous, living in rivers and streams, but returning to the sea to breed. Besides the species that migrate through estuaries, there are many other fish that use them as "nursery grounds" for spawning or as places young fish can feed and grow before moving elsewhere. Herring
Herring

Herring are small, oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea....
 and plaice
Plaice

Plaice is the common name of four species of flatfishes:* Alaska plaice, Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus* American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides...
 are two commercially important species that use the Thames Estuary for this purpose.

Estuaries are also commonly used as fishing grounds, and as places for fish farming or ranching. For example, Atlantic salmon
Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon, known scientifically as Salmo salar, is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae, which is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the Atlantic and the Pacific....
 farms are often located in estuaries, although this has caused controversy, because in doing so, fish farmers expose migrating wild fish to large numbers of external parasites such as sea lice
Sea lice

A sea louse is a name applied to several species of marine parasites, including which feeds primarily on salmon....
 that escape from the pens the farmed fish are kept in .

Mangroves

Another important brackish water habitat is the mangrove swamp or mangal. Many, though not all, mangrove swamps fringe estuaries and lagoons where the salinity changes with each tide. Among the most specialised residents of mangrove forests are mudskippers, fish that forage for food on land, and archer fish, perch-like fish that "spit" at insects and other small animals living in the trees, knocking them into the water where they can be eaten. Like estuaries, mangrove swamps are extremely important breeding grounds for many fish, with species such as snappers, halfbeak
Halfbeak

The halfbeaks are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant Family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The family Hemiramphidae is divided into two subfamilies, the primarily Marine Hemiramphinae and the fresh water or estuary Zenarchopterinae....
s, and tarpon
Tarpon

The tarpons are two species of fish, the only members of the family Megalopidae and genus Megalops. They are large coastal fish prized by Angling....
 spawning or maturing among them. Besides fish, numerous other animals use mangroves, including such specialists as the Saltwater crocodile
Saltwater Crocodile

Saltwater or estuarine crocodile is the largest of all living crocodilians and reptiles. It is found in suitable habitat throughout Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, and the surrounding waters....
,American crocodile
American Crocodile

The American crocodile is a species of crocodilian found primarily in Central America. It is the most widespread of the four Extant taxon species of crocodiles from the Americas....
, proboscis monkey
Proboscis Monkey

The Proboscis Monkey is also known as the Monyet Belanda in Malay language, the Bekantan in Indonesian language or simply the Long-nosed Monkey....
, diamondback terrapin
Diamondback terrapin

The Diamondback terrapin is a species of turtle native to the brackish water coastal swamps of the eastern and southern United States, from as far north as Cape Cod, Massachusetts and as far south as Cape Sable, Florida....
, and the Crab-eating Frog, Fejervarya cancrivora formerly Rana cancrivora. Although often plagued with mosquitoes and other insects that make them unpleasant places to visit, mangrove swamps are very important buffer zones between land and sea, and are a natural defense against hurricane and tsunami damage in particular .

Brackish seas and lakes

Some seas and lakes are brackish. The Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53?N to 66?N latitude and from 20?E to 26?E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Denmark islands....
 is a brackish sea adjoining the North Sea
North Sea

The North Sea is a marginal sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf. The Dover Strait and the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north connect it to the Atlantic Ocean....
. Originally the confluence
Confluence

Confluence may refer to:* Confluence , the point where two or more bodies of water meet and merge* Deformation , the streamline air flow convergence of a fluid air parcel...
 of two major river systems prior to the Pleistocene
Pleistocene

The Pleistocene is the epoch from 1.8 million to 10,000 years Before Present covering the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. The name pleistocene is derived from the Greek and ....
, since that it has been flooded by the North Sea but still receives so much freshwater from the adjacent lands that the water is brackish. Because the salt water coming in from the sea is denser than freshwater, the water in the Baltic is stratified, with salt water at the bottom and freshwater at the top. Limited mixing occurs because of the lack of tides and storms, with the result that the fish fauna at the surface is freshwater in composition while that lower down is more marine. Cod
Cod

Cod is the common name for the genus of fish Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes....
 are an example of a species only found in deep water in the Baltic, while pike are confined to the less saline surface waters .

The Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
 is the world's largest lake and contains brackish water with a salinity about one-third that of normal seawater. The Caspian is famous for its peculiar animal fauna, including one of the few non-marine seals (the Caspian seal
Caspian Seal

Caspian seals , one of the smallest members of the "true seal" family, are unique in that they are found exclusively in the brackish Caspian Sea....
) and the great sturgeon
Sturgeon

Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genus Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus....
s, a major source of caviar
Caviar

Caviar is the Food processing, salted roe of certain species of fish, most notably the sturgeon and the salmon . It is commercially marketed worldwide as a delicacy and is eaten as a garnish or a spread; for example, with hors d'?uvres....
.

In the Black Sea
Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
 the surface water is brackish with an average salinity of about 18 parts per thousand compared to 30 to 40 for the oceans. The deep, anoxic
Anoxic event

Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events occur when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of oxygen below the surface levels. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past....
 water of the Black Sea originates from warm, salty water of the Mediterranean.

Notable brackish bodies of water (by type, in alphabetical order)


Brackish seas
  • Baltic Sea
    Baltic Sea

    The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53?N to 66?N latitude and from 20?E to 26?E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Denmark islands....
     (the world’s largest pool of brackish water)
  • Black Sea
    Black Sea

    The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
  • Caspian Sea
    Caspian Sea

    The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
     (world’s largest lake)


Brackish water lakes
  • Lake Charles in Lake Charles
    Lake Charles, Louisiana

    Lake Charles is the fifth largest incorporated city in the US state of Louisiana.It is the major cultural and educational center in the southwest region of the state and one of the most important in Acadiana....
    , Louisiana
    Louisiana

    The State of Louisiana is a U.S. state located in the U.S. Southern States of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans....
    , U.S.
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Chilka Lake
    Chilka Lake

    Chilka Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri District, Khurda District and Ganjam District districts of Orissa state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal....
    , in Orissa
    Orissa

    Orissa , is a states and territories of India located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was established on 1 April 1936 as a province in British India, and consists, predominantly of Oriya language speakers....
     state, India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
  • Laguna de Oviedo, in the Dominican Republic
    Dominican Republic

    The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are List of divided islands, Saint Martin being the other....
  • Lake Maracaibo
    Lake Maracaibo

    Lake Maracaibo is a large brackish bay in Venezuela at . It is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by Tablazo Strait at the northern end, and fed by numerous rivers, the largest being the Catatumbo River....
    , in Zulia
    Zulia

    The Zulia State or Estado Zulia is one of Venezuela's 23 states States of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. In 2007 had an estimated population of 3,620,200, giving it the largest population among Venezuela's states....
     state, Venezuela
    Venezuela

    Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America.The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea....
  • Lake Monroe
    Lake Monroe (Florida)

    Lake Monroe is one of the lakes that make up the St. Johns River system. The port city of Sanford, Florida is situated along the southern shore....
     in Florida
    Florida

    Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
    , U.S.
  • Pangong Tso
    Pangong Tso

    Pangong Tso is a lake in the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,250 m . It is 134 km long and extends from India to China. Two thirds of the length of this lake lies in China....
     in Ladakh
    Ladakh

    Ladakh is a region in the Indian Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir between the Kunlun Mountains mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryans and Tibetan people descent....
    , Jammu and Kashmir
    Jammu and Kashmir

    Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost States and territories of India of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayas mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the People's Republic of China to the northeast, the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and Pakistani-administered territories of Kashmir, namely Azad Kashm...
     state, India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
  • Lake Van
    Lake Van

    Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. It is a salt lakes and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains....


Lochs (Scottish)
  • Loch Long
  • Loch of Stenness
  • Loch Bee
  • Loch Obisary
  • Loch an Duin
  • Loch Scavaig


Coastal lagoons, marshes, and deltas
  • The Burgas Lakes
    Burgas Lakes

    The Burgas Lakes or Burgas Wetlands are a group of coastal lakes of varying saltiness located around the Bulgarian city of Burgas in the proximity of the Black Sea....
     near the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
    Bulgarian Black Sea Coast

    The Bulgarian Black Sea Riviera covers the entire eastern bound of Bulgaria stretching from the Romanian Black Sea resorts in the north to Marmara Region, Turkey in the south, along 378 km of coastline....
  • The Fleet
    Chesil Beach

    Chesil Beach, sometimes called Chesil Bank, in Dorset, southern England. is one of three major Shingle beach in Britain, often identified as a tombolo, although research into the geomorphology of the area has revealed that it is in fact a Shoal which has "rolled" landwards, joining the mainland with Portland Bill, giving the appearance...
     lagoon
    Lagoon

    A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed Bar , reef, or similar feature....
    , Dorset
    Dorset

    Dorset , is a Counties of England in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester, Dorset, situated in the south of the county at ....
    , England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
  • Kaliveli Lake
    Kaliveli Lake

    Kaliveli Lake is a coastal lake in the Viluppuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. This lake lies approximately 16 kilometers north of Pondicherry and 10 kilometers north of Auroville, near the Bay of Bengal....
    , near Pondichery, India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
  • Kerala Backwaters
    Kerala Backwaters

    The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state....
    , Series of lagoons and lakes in Kerala
  • Lagos Lagoon
    Lagos Lagoon

    Lagos Lagoon is a lagoon sharing its name with the city of Lagos, Nigeria, the second largest city in Africa, which lies on its south-western side....
     in Lagos, Nigeria
  • Lake Pontchartrain
    Lake Pontchartrain

    Lake Pontchartrain is a brackish water lake located in southeastern Louisiana. It is the second-largest Seawater lake in the United States, after the Great Salt Lake in Utah, and the largest lake in Louisiana....
    , New Orleans
    New Orleans, Louisiana

    New Orleans is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana. New Orleans is the center of the New Orleans metropolitan area metropolitan area, the largest metro area in the state....
    , Louisiana
    Louisiana

    The State of Louisiana is a U.S. state located in the U.S. Southern States of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans....
    , U.S.
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Pulicat Lake
    Pulicat Lake

    Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish – water lake or lagoon in India. It straddles the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states on the Coromandal Coast in South India....
    , north of Chennai
    Chennai

    Chennai , formerly Indian renaming controversy , is the fourth largest metropolitan area of India and the capital city of the Indian states and territories of India of Tamil Nadu....
    , India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
  • The Rann of Kutch
    Rann of Kutch

    The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert biogeographic province in Gujarat situated 8km away from village KHARAGHODA located in patdi town of surendra nagar districtStates and territories of India of northwestern India and the Sind Subdivisions of Pakistan of Pakistan....
    , on the border of India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
     and Pakistan
    Pakistan

    Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
  • Parts of the Rhône
    Rhône River

    The Rhone, or the Rh?ne is one of the major rivers of Europe, originating in Switzerland and running from there through the south-eastern corner of France....
     Delta, France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    : An area known as the Camargue
    Camargue

    The Camargue is located south of Arles, France, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhone River River delta. The eastern arm is called the Grand Rh?ne; the western one is the Petit Rh?ne....
  • Widewater, and land-locked lagoon
    Lagoon

    A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed Bar , reef, or similar feature....
     near Lancing
    Lancing, West Sussex

    Lancing is a village and civil parish in the Adur district of West Sussex, England, on the western edge of the Adur Valley. It lies on the coastal plain between Sompting to the west, Shoreham-by-Sea to the east and the parish of Coombes to the north....
    , England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...


Estuaries
  • Amazon River
    Amazon River

    The Amazon River of South America is the list of rivers by length in the world by volume, with a total river flow greater than the next top eight largest rivers combined....
    , empties so much freshwater into the Atlantic Ocean
    Atlantic Ocean

    The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
     that it reduces the salinity of the sea for hundreds of miles
  • Chesapeake Bay
    Chesapeake Bay

    The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's drainage basin covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia....
    , in Maryland
    Maryland

    Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic States of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the Washington, D.C. to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east....
    , U.S.
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Delaware Bay
    Delaware Bay

    Delaware Bay is a large estuary outlet of the Delaware River on the Northeast seaboard of the United States whose fresh water mixes for many miles with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean....
    , an extension of the Delaware River
    Delaware River

    The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic Ocean coast of the United States.The Delaware was explored by Adriaen Block as part of the New Netherlands Colony, and was named the South River to mark the southernmost reach of that colony....
     in New Jersey
    New Jersey

    New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
     and Delaware
    Delaware

    Delaware is a U.S. state located on the East Coast of the United States in the Mid-Atlantic States region of the United States. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, a British nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor, after whom Cape Henlopen was originally named....
    , USA
  • Hampton Roads
    Hampton Roads

    Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water and the region of land areas which surround it in southeastern Virginia in the United States. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbor, for United States Navy, U.S....
    , Virginia
    Virginia

    The Commonwealth of Virginia is an United States U.S. state on the East Coast of the United States of the Southern United States. The state is known as the "Old Dominion" and sometimes as "Mother of Presidents", because it is the birthplace of Lists of United States Presidents by place of birth#By state....
    , USA
  • Lower Hudson River
    Hudson River

    The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk , the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that flows from north to south through eastern New York....
    , in New York
    New York

    The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
     and New Jersey
    New Jersey

    New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
    , U.S.
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • East River
    East River

    The East River is a tidal strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx on the North American mainland....
    , New York
    New York

    The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
    , USA
  • Lingding Yang, Guangdong
    Guangdong

    Guangdong is a political divisions of China on the southern coast of People's Republic of China. The province is also known by an alternative English language name, the Canton Province....
    , the People's Republic of China
    People's Republic of China

    The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
  • Port Royal Sound
    Port Royal Sound

    Port Royal Sound is a coastal Sound , or inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, located in the Sea Islands region, in Beaufort County, South Carolina in the U.S....
     part of Beaufort County, South Carolina
    South Carolina

    South Carolina is a U.S. state in the Southern United States of the United States. It borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north....
    , USA
  • Saint Lawrence
    Saint Lawrence River

    Saint Lawrence River is a large river flowing approximately from southwest to northeast in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean....
     and Saguenay
    Saguenay River

    The Saguenay River is a major river of Quebec, Canada.It drains Lac Saint-Jean in the Laurentian Highlands, leaving at Alma, Quebec and running east, and passes at the city of Saguenay, Quebec....
     Rivers, the part downstream from Québec
    Quebec City

    Qu?bec or Quebec, also Quebec City or Qu?bec City , is the Capital of the Canada Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region....
     and Saguenay
    Saguenay, Quebec

    Saguenay is a city in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada, on the Saguenay River, about north of Quebec City.Saguenay is also the name of a Regional county municipality#RCMs as geographical units coextensive with the city of Saguenay, whose geographical code is 941....
     respectively
  • San Francisco Bay
    San Francisco Bay

    San Francisco Bay is a shallow, productive estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River rivers from the Sierra Nevada mountains, enters the Pacific Ocean....
     and San Pablo Bay
    San Pablo Bay

    San Pablo Bay is a shallow tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of San Francisco Bay in northern California in the United States. It receives the waters of the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River rivers, via Suisun Bay and the Carquinez Strait on its east end, and it connects to San Francisco Bay on its south end....
     adjacent to San Francisco in California
    California

    California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
    , U.S.
  • The Thames Estuary
    Thames Estuary

    The Thames Estuary is the area in which the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea.It is not easy to define the limits of the estuary , although physically the head of ??Sea Reach??, near Canvey Island on the Essex shore is probably the western boundary....
     in South East England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...


Further reading



See also

  • Biosalinity
    Biosalinity

    Biosalinity is the study and practice of using saline water for irrigating agriculture.Many arid and semi-arid areas actually do have sources of water, but the available water is usually brackish or salinity ....
  • Brackish water aquarium
  • Desalination
    Desalination

    Desalination, desalinization, or desalinisation refers to any of several processes that remove excess sodium chloride and other minerals from water....
  • Permian Sea
    Permian Sea

    The Permian Sea or Permian Basin is an underwater basin that is a remnant of an ancient ocean that existed during Permian times . It is entirely subterranean and spans an area about 480 km2 across, running from eastern New Mexico to western Texas....
  • Slough
    Slough (wetland)

    The word slough has several meanings related to wetland or aquatic features.The etymology is related to the Dutch word 'slechten' = to lower, to cut, to destroy....