Bourges

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Bourges

Bourges is a commune in central France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
on the Yèvre

Yèvre

The Y?vre is a river in central France, right tributary of the river Cher River. Its source is near the village Gron, Cher, east of Bourges. The Y?vre flows generally west through the following towns, all in the departements of France Cher : Baugy, Cher, Avord, Saint-Germain-du-Puy, Bourges, Mehun-sur-Y?vre and Vierzon....
river. It is the capital of the department of Cher

Cher (département)

Cher is an administrative departments of France located in the centre of France. It is named after the Cher River....
and also was the capital of the former province

Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the d?partement in France system superseded provinces....
of Berry

Berry (province)

Berry is a region located in the center of France. It was a Provinces of France until the provinces were replaced by d?partement in Frances on March 4, 1790....
.

name of the city is either derived from the Bituriges

Bituriges

The Bituriges was a tribe with its capital at Bourges .Early in the first century BCE, they had been one of the main tribes, especially in terms of Druids and their political influence....
, the name of the original inhabitants, or from the Germanic Burg
Burg

Burg may refer to:In Germany*Burg bei Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt*Burg , Brandenburg*Ehrenburg Thuringia*Burg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhineland-Palatinate...
(French

French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
: Bourg. Spanish

Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
: Burgos. English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
, others: Burgh
Burgh

A Burgh is an Wiktionary:Autonomy corporate entity in Scotland, usually a town. This type of administrative division has existed since the 12th century, when David I of Scotland created the first Royal burghs....
, Berg
Berg

Berg is the word for mountain in various Germanic languages, and may also refer to:In Germany:*Berg , a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia...
, or Borough
Borough

A borough is an administrative division of various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
), for "hill/village".

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Encyclopedia

Bourges is a commune in central France

France

Yèvre

Cher (département)

Cher is an administrative departments of France located in the centre of France. It is named after the Cher River....
and also was the capital of the former province

Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the d?partement in France system superseded provinces....
of Berry

Berry (province)

Berry is a region located in the center of France. It was a Provinces of France until the provinces were replaced by d?partement in Frances on March 4, 1790....
.

History

The name of the city is either derived from the Bituriges

Bituriges

French language

Spanish language

English language

Celt

Celts , is a modern term used to describe any of the European peoples who spoke, or speak, a Celtic languages. The term is also used in a wider sense to describe the Modern Celts of those peoples, notably those who participate in a Celtic culture....
ic name was Avaricon. In the Gallic Wars

Gallic Wars

The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman Republic proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gaul, lasting from 58 BC to 51 BC....
, the Gauls practiced a scorched-earth policy, but the inhabitants of Avaricon begged not to have their city burned, and it was spared due to its good defenses provided by the surrounding marshes and a strong southern wall.

The third century Saint Ursinus

Ursinus of Bourges

Saint Ursinus of Bourges is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and is considered the first bishop of Bourges.A legend associated with him states that he was originally named Nathaniel and that he was a friend of Philip the Apostle....
, also known as Saint Ursin, is considered the first bishop

Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
of the city. Currently, Bourges is the seat of an archbishopric.

The Gothic

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
Cathedral of Saint Etienne

Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Bourges

Bourges Cathedral is a cathedral, dedicated to Saint Stephen, located in Bourges, France. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Bourges....
, begun at the end of the twelfth century, is listed as a World Heritage Site. It is considered the earliest example of the high gothic style of the thirteenth century.

During the Middle Ages

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, Bourges was the capital of a Viscount

Viscount

A 'viscount' is a member of the European nobility whose count title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count ....
y until the fourteenth century. The future king, Charles VII

Charles VII of France

File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
, sought refuge there. His son, Louis XI, was born there in 1423. In 1438, Charles decreed the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on July 7, 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the pope, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ecclesiastical offices, prohibited the pope from bestowing, and profiting from, benefices, and limite...
. During this period, Bourges was also a major capital of alchemy

Alchemy

Alchemy , a part of the Occult Tradition, is both a philosophy and a practice with an aim of achieving ultimate wisdom as well as immortality, involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of several substances described as possessing unusual properties....
.

The city has a long tradition of art and history, other sites of importance include the Palace of Jacques Cœur

Jacques Cœur

Jacques C?ur , was a French merchant. He was one of the founders of the trade between France and the Levant. He was born at Bourges, the city where his father, Pierre C?ur, was a rich merchant....
and a sixty-five-hectare district of timber houses and grande homes.

The Impressionist painter, Berthe Morisot

Berthe Morisot

Berthe Morisot was a Painting and a member of the circle of painters in Paris who became known as the Impressionists. Undervalued for over a century, possibly because she was a woman, she is now considered among the first league of Impressionist painters....
, was born in Bourges on January 14, 1841.

Main sights

Its Gothic cathedral
Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Bourges

Bourges Cathedral is a cathedral, dedicated to Saint Stephen, located in Bourges, France. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Bourges....
(built 1195–1255) was added to the list of the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO
UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
in 1992
Jacques Cœur
Jacques Cœur

Jacques C?ur , was a French merchant. He was one of the founders of the trade between France and the Levant. He was born at Bourges, the city where his father, Pierre C?ur, was a rich merchant....
's Palace
The Maurice Estève Museum
The marshes of the Yevre and Voiselle Rivers, was listed in 2003 as a French Natural Monument or Site
The ruins of the Gallo-Roman walls
The Conservatoire national du Pélargonium
Conservatoire national du Pélargonium

The Conservatoire national du P?largonium is a municipal botanical garden specializing in pelargoniums, which is located within the municipal greenhouses on the Chemin Tortiot, Bourges, Cher , Centre , France....

Colleges and universities

University of Bourges
University of Bourges

The University of Bourges was a university located in Bourges, France. It was founded by Louis XI of France in 1463....
École nationale des beaux-arts de Bourges

Twin towns

- Augsburg

Augsburg

Augsburg is an Independent City city in the south-west of Bavaria. The College town is home of the Regierungsbezirk Swabia and also of the Swabia and the Augsburg ....
, Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
- Aveiro

Aveiro

Aveiro is a city of some 73.559 people and a List of municipalities of Portugal in Portugal with a total area of 199.9 km? and a total population of 73,559 inhabitants, and 59,860 electors ....
, Portugal

Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
- Forlì

Forlì

Forl? is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forl?, of the Renaissance humanism historian Flavio Biondo, of the famous physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni....
, Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
- Koszalin

Koszalin

Koszalin is the largest city of Farther Pomerania Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located 15 km south of the Baltic Sea coast. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999....
, Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
- Palencia

Palencia

Palencia is a city south of Tierra de Campos, in north-northwest Spain, the capital of the Palencia in the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile-Leon....
, Spain

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
- Peterborough

Peterborough

Peterborough is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of as of June 2006. For ceremonial counties of England purposes it is in the Counties of England of Cambridgeshire....
, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
Yoshkar-Ola

Yoshkar-Ola

Yoshkar-Ola is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia and is the capital of the Mari El. It has a population of 281,165 , which is slowly increasing as people from neighboring areas move to the city....
(Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
)

Events

The Printemps de Bourges
Printemps de Bourges

The Printemps de Bourges is a music festival, started in 1977 by Jean Christophe Dechico , Alain Meilland and Daniel Colling . Despite a recurrent lack of profitability, the city of Bourges continues to host the music festival to this day , even though a recurrent financial deficit spelled its doom many times....
music festival takes place in Bourges every year.

External links

(French and English)

Bourges

History

Main sights

Colleges and universities

Twin towns

Events

See also

External links