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Born in the U.S.A.



 
 
Born In The USA redirects here. For other uses see Born in the U.S.A. (disambiguation)
Born in the U.S.A. (disambiguation)

Born in the U.S.A. may refer to*Born in the U.S.A., an album by Bruce Springsteen*Born in the U.S.A. Tour*Born in the U.S.A. *Born In The USA ...
.


Born in the U.S.A. is the seventh studio album by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss", is an American songwriter, singer and musician. He has recorded and toured with the E Street Band....
, released in 1984 (see 1984 in music
1984 in music

Events*January 21 - "Relax " by Frankie Goes to Hollywood reaches number one in the UK singles chart; it spends a total of forty-two weeks in the Top 40....
).

In contrast to his previous album, the critical favorite Nebraska
Nebraska (album)

Nebraska is the sixth album by Bruce Springsteen, released in 1982 in music....
, Born in the U.S.A. featured anthemic, radio-friendly arrangements and 1980s production incorporating Springsteen's first use of synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
s. The Born in the U.S.A. era was also notable for introducing a tougher
Macho

Macho can refer to:*The property of being overtly masculinity, hence the Spanish word Machismo*Massive compact halo object , a general name for any kind of astronomical body that might explain the apparent presence of dark matter in galaxy halos....
, muscular Springsteen after two years of running
Running

Running is a means for an Terrestrial locomotion in animals on foot. It is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time....
 and weightlifting
Weightlifting

Weightlifting, also called Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics or Olympic-style weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates....
.






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Encyclopedia


Born In The USA redirects here. For other uses see Born in the U.S.A. (disambiguation)
Born in the U.S.A. (disambiguation)

Born in the U.S.A. may refer to*Born in the U.S.A., an album by Bruce Springsteen*Born in the U.S.A. Tour*Born in the U.S.A. *Born In The USA ...
.


Born in the U.S.A. is the seventh studio album by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss", is an American songwriter, singer and musician. He has recorded and toured with the E Street Band....
, released in 1984 (see 1984 in music
1984 in music

Events*January 21 - "Relax " by Frankie Goes to Hollywood reaches number one in the UK singles chart; it spends a total of forty-two weeks in the Top 40....
).

In contrast to his previous album, the critical favorite Nebraska
Nebraska (album)

Nebraska is the sixth album by Bruce Springsteen, released in 1982 in music....
, Born in the U.S.A. featured anthemic, radio-friendly arrangements and 1980s production incorporating Springsteen's first use of synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
s. The Born in the U.S.A. era was also notable for introducing a tougher
Macho

Macho can refer to:*The property of being overtly masculinity, hence the Spanish word Machismo*Massive compact halo object , a general name for any kind of astronomical body that might explain the apparent presence of dark matter in galaxy halos....
, muscular Springsteen after two years of running
Running

Running is a means for an Terrestrial locomotion in animals on foot. It is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time....
 and weightlifting
Weightlifting

Weightlifting, also called Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics or Olympic-style weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates....
. The album reached #1 on the Billboard 200
Billboard 200

The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling Albums and extended play in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine....
 for the week ending July 7, 1984, where it remained for four weeks. It regained the top spot on the chart for three more weeks starting with the week ending January 19, 1985 and stayed on the chart for 139 weeks. It spawned a record-tying seven Top 10 hit singles in the United States, and is by far the best-selling album of Springsteen's career with over 15 million copies sold in the U.S. alone. It was also a critical success, being voted as the best album of the year in The Village Voice
The Village Voice

The Village Voice is a free weekly newspaper in New York City, United States featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City....
s Pazz & Jop
Pazz & Jop

The Pazz & Jop critics' poll is a highly influential poll of music critics run by The Village Voice newspaper. It is compiled every year from the top ten lists of hundreds of music critics ....
 critics poll. In 2003, the album was ranked number 85 on
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is a United States-based magazine devoted to music, politics, and popular culture that is published every two weeks. Rolling Stone was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and music critic Ralph J....
magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time

The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time is the cover story of a special issue of Rolling Stone magazine published in November 2003.Related news articles:* The list was based on the votes of 273 rock musicians, critics and industry figures, each of whom submitted a weighted list of 50 albums....
. In 1989, it was rated #6 on
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is a United States-based magazine devoted to music, politics, and popular culture that is published every two weeks. Rolling Stone was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and music critic Ralph J....
magazine's list of The 100 Greatest Albums of the 1980s.

Born in the U.S.A. became the first compact disc
Compact Disc

A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store Data , originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since October 1982, remains the standard physical medium for sale of commercial Sound recording and reproduction to the present day....
 manufactured in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 for commercial release, when CBS Records
CBS Records

CBS Records is a record label founded by CBS Corporation in 2006 in music to take advantage of music from its entertainment properties distributed by CBS Paramount Television....
 opened its CD manufacturing plant in Terre Haute
Terre Haute, Indiana

Terre Haute is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, Indiana near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 59,614 and its Terre Haute metropolitan area had a population of 170,943....
, Indiana
Indiana

The State of Indiana was the 19th U.S. state admitted into the union. It is located in the Midwestern United States of the United States of America....
 in September 1984. Discs previously had been imported from Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
.

History

"Dancing in the Dark" was Springsteen's biggest hit single, reaching #2 on the Billboard Hot 100
Billboard Hot 100

The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard Single popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on airplay and sales; the tracking-week for sales begins on Monday and ends on Sunday; while the airplay tracking-week runs from Wednesday to Tuesday....
. (It was kept out of the top spot by Prince
Prince (musician)

Prince Rogers Nelson is an United States musician. He performs under the Mononymous person name of Prince, but has also been known by various other names, among them an Love Symbol ...
's "When Doves Cry
When Doves Cry

"When Doves Cry" is a song by the United States musician Prince , and the lead single from his 1984 album Purple Rain . It was a worldwide hit, and his first American number one single, topping charts for five weeks....
".) The song was the first use of synthesizer for the E-street band. Throughout the song a catchy up-tempo synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
 riff and noticeable syncopation
Syncopation

In music, syncopation includes a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak beat in a meter ....
, both a first for Springsteen. A dance-oriented remix
Remix

A remix is an alternative version of a song, different from the original version. A remixer uses Audio mixing to compose an alternate master recording of a song, adding or subtracting elements, or simply changing the equalization, dynamics, Pitch , tempo, playing time, or almost any other aspect of th...
 was even made for it, by Arthur Baker
Arthur Baker (musician)

Arthur Baker is an United States record producer and DJ best known for his work with Hip hop music artists like Afrika Bambaataa, Planet Patrol and the British group New Order....
. Springsteen pulls a young, short-haired Courteney Cox
Courteney Cox

Courteney Bass Cox , also known as Courteney Cox Arquette, is an American actor, film producer and former model, best known for her role as Monica Geller on the Situation comedy Friends....
 onstage in a Brian De Palma
Brian De Palma

Brian De Palma is an US film director. In a career spanning over forty years, he is probably best known for his suspense and thriller films, including such box office successes as Carrie , Dressed to Kill , Scarface , The Untouchables , and Mission: Impossible ....
-directed music video
Music video

A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a pop music or rock music song with lyrics. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings....
 for the track.

"Cover Me" was a dance track originally intended for Donna Summer
Donna Summer

Donna Summer is an United States singer-songwriter who gained prominence during the disco era of music.Summer was trained as a gospel music singer prior to her introduction to the music industry....
. "My Hometown" is based on 1960s racial and economic tensions in Springsteen's hometown of Freehold
Freehold Borough, New Jersey

Freehold Borough is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 10,976....
. "No Surrender
No Surrender (song)

"No Surrender" is a song from Bruce Springsteen's album Born in the U.S.A. A high-tempo rocker, it was only included on the album at the insistence of Steven Van Zandt, but has since become a concert staple for Springsteen, usually in a low-key, acoustic arrangement....
" and "Bobby Jean" reflected in part the departure of Steven Van Zandt
Steven Van Zandt

Steven Van Zandt is an United States musician, songwriter, arranger, record producer, actor, and radio disc jockey, who frequently goes by the stage names Little Steven or Miami Steve....
 from The E Street Band.

In all there were seven top 10 hit singles from this album, tying the record for most Top Ten singles from an album also held by Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson is an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene at the age of 11 as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group....
's
Thriller
Thriller (album)

Thriller is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson. The album was released on November 30, 1982 by Epic Records as the follow-up to Jackson's critically and commercially successful 1979 album Off the Wall ....
.

The title track, "Born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A. (song)

"Born in the U.S.A." is a 1984 song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen. Taken from the Born in the U.S.A., it is one of his best-known single ....
", a stinging tale of the hardships suffered by returning Vietnam veteran
Vietnam veteran

Vietnam Era veteran is a phrase used to describe someone who served in the armed forces of participating countries during the Vietnam War. The term has been used to describe veterans who were in the armed forces of South Vietnam, the United States armed forces, and countries allied to them, whether or not they were actually stationed in Viet...
s, is one of Springsteen's best known songs, and has accumulated a considerable amount of folklore. The song's anthemic feel (and the music video, which featured scenes of waving flags and pastoral American communities reminiscent of a political campaign ad) led to widespread misinterpretation of the track's meaning. (A darker, acoustic version of the song appears on the Springsteen collection "Tracks," and is sometimes performed live.) Springsteen was praised by US President Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States and the 33rd Governor of California . Born in Illinois, Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s, where he was an actor, president of the Screen Actors Guild , and a spokesman for General Electric ....
 as a great patriot.

The album was followed by the massive Born in the U.S.A. Tour
Born in the U.S.A. Tour

The Born in the U.S.A. Tour was the supporting concert tour of Bruce Springsteen's massively popular Born in the U.S.A. album. It was his longest and most successful tour to date....
.

In 2004, Senator John Kerry
John Kerry

John Forbes Kerry is the Junior Senator United States Senate from Massachusetts and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.As the Presidential nominee of the Democratic Party , he was defeated by 34 electoral votes in the United States presidential election, 2004 by the Republican Party incumbent President of the United States...
 used "No Surrender" as his campaign theme song during his 2004 presidential campaign
John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004

The Presidential Campaign of John Kerry, United States Senate from Massachusetts and the nominee of the United States Democratic Party challenged United States Republican Party incumbent President of the United States George W....
. Springsteen performed the song at several Kerry rallies during the campaign.

Track listing


Side one

All songs written by Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss", is an American songwriter, singer and musician. He has recorded and toured with the E Street Band....
.
  1. "Born in the U.S.A.
    Born in the U.S.A. (song)

    "Born in the U.S.A." is a 1984 song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen. Taken from the Born in the U.S.A., it is one of his best-known single ....
    " – 4:39
  2. "Cover Me" – 3:27
  3. "Darlington County
    Darlington County (song)

    "Darlington County" is a 1984 song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen. It was released on the album Born in the U.S.A. and has remained a popular concert song for Springsteen and the E Street Band....
    " – 4:48
  4. "Working on the Highway
    Working on the Highway

    "Working on the Highway" is a 1984 song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen. It was released on the album Born in the U.S.A. and has remained a popular concert song for Springsteen and the E Street Band....
    " – 3:11
  5. "Downbound Train
    Downbound Train

    "Downbound Train" is a song that appears on the 1984 Bruce Springsteen album Born in the U.S.A.. The song is a lament to a lost spouse, and takes on a melancholy tone....
    " – 3:35
  6. "I'm on Fire
    I'm on Fire

    "I'm on Fire" is a song written and performed by United States rock singer Bruce Springsteen. In 1985 it became the fourth single released from his massively successful album Born in the U.S.A.....
    " – 2:37

Side two

  1. "No Surrender
    No Surrender (song)

    "No Surrender" is a song from Bruce Springsteen's album Born in the U.S.A. A high-tempo rocker, it was only included on the album at the insistence of Steven Van Zandt, but has since become a concert staple for Springsteen, usually in a low-key, acoustic arrangement....
    " – 4:00
  2. "Bobby Jean
    Bobby Jean

    "Bobby Jean" is a song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1984 album Born in the U.S.A....
    " – 3:46
  3. "I'm Goin' Down
    I'm Goin' Down

    "I'm Goin' Down" is a 1984 song written and performed by United States rock singer Bruce Springsteen. In 1985 it became the sixth single released from his massively successful album Born in the U.S.A....
    " – 3:29
  4. "Glory Days" – 4:15
  5. "Dancing in the Dark
    Dancing in the Dark (Bruce Springsteen song)

    "Dancing in the Dark" is a 1984 in music song, written and performed by United States rock singer Bruce Springsteen. Adding up-tempo synthesizer riffs and some syncopation to his sound for the first time, it became his biggest hit and, as the first single released from Born in the U.S.A., started it off to becoming the best-selling album...
    " – 4:00
  6. "My Hometown
    My Hometown

    "My Hometown" is a single by Bruce Springsteen off his Born in the U.S.A. album, that was the Most Hot 100 hit singles from an album to come from it, peaking at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart....
    " – 4:34


Personnel


The E Street Band

  • Roy Bittan
    Roy Bittan

    Roy Bittan is an United States keyboardist, best known as a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, which he joined on August 23, 1974. Bittan, nicknamed "The Professor", plays the piano, organ , accordion and synthesizers....
     – piano
    Piano

    The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard instrument. Widely used in Western music for solo performance, ensemble use, chamber music, and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to musical composition and rehearsal....
    , synthesizer
    Synthesizer

    A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
  • Clarence Clemons
    Clarence Clemons

    Clarence Clemons nicknamed The Big Man, is an United States musician, best known as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band....
     – saxophone
    Saxophone

    The saxophone is a conical-Bore transposing instrument musical instrument considered a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and are played with a Single-reed instrument mouthpiece similar to the clarinet....
    , percussion
  • Danny Federici
    Danny Federici

    Daniel Paul "Danny" Federici was an United States musician, most known as the longtime organ , glockenspiel and accordion player for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band....
     – organ
    Organ

    Organ may refer to:*Organ , a group of tissues in the body which perform some function*Organ , a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone...
    , glockenspiel
    Glockenspiel

    File:Glockenspiel-malletech.jpgFile:GlockenspielSousaphone.jpgThe glockenspiel is a musical instrument in the percussion instrument family....
    , piano on "Born in the U.S.A."
  • Bruce Springsteen
    Bruce Springsteen

    Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss", is an American songwriter, singer and musician. He has recorded and toured with the E Street Band....
     – vocals, lead guitar
    Lead guitar

    Lead guitar refers to the use of a guitar to perform melody lines, fill , and guitar solos within a song structure.In rock music, heavy metal music, blues, jazz and fusion bands and some pop music contexts as well as others, the lead guitar lines are usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar, which consists of accompan...
    , acoustic guitar
    Acoustic guitar

    An acoustic guitar is a guitar that uses only acoustic methods to project the sound produced by its strings. The term is a retronym, coined after the advent of electric guitars, which depend on electronic amplification to make their sound audible....
  • Garry Tallent
    Garry Tallent

    Garry Tallent , sometimes billed as Garry W. Tallent, is an United States musician and record producer, best known for being the longtime bass guitar player in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band....
     – bass
    Bass guitar

    The electric bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb , or by using a plectrum.The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a larger body, a longer neck and Scale length, and usually four strings tuned to the same pitches as those of the double bass, whic...
  • Little Steven Van Zandt – rhythm guitar
    Rhythm guitar

    Rhythm guitar is the use of a guitar to provide rhythmic chord al accompaniment for a singer or other instruments in a musical ensemble. In ensembles or "bands" playing within the country music, blues music, rock music or Heavy metal music genres , a guitarist playing the rhythm part of a composition supports the melodic lines and solos play...
    , mandolin
    Mandolin

    A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family . It is descended from the Mandora, a soprano member of the lute family. It has a body with a teardrop-shaped soundboard, or one which is essentially oval in shape, with a soundhole, or soundholes, of varying shapes which are open and are not decorated with an intricately carved grille lik...
    , harmony vocals
  • Max Weinberg
    Max Weinberg

    Maxwell Sachel Weinberg is an United States drummer and television personality, most widely known as the drummer of the E Street Band since 1974 and as the leader of The Max Weinberg 7, the house band for Late Night with Conan O'Brien as well as the upcoming The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien....
     – drums


Additional musicians

  • Richie "La Bamba" Rosenberg – background vocals on "Cover Me" and "No Surrender"
  • Ruth Davis, married to Bruce Jackson, the sound engineer – background vocals on "My Hometown"


Production

  • Bob Clearmountain
    Bob Clearmountain

    Bob Clearmountain is an award-winning American music engineer, Production sound mixer and Record producer. He has worked with many prominent names in music including Bruce Springsteen , The Rolling Stones , Bryan Adams , Robbie Williams , Toto , Bon Jovi , Altered State , and many others....
     – mixing
  • John Davenport – assistant engineer
  • Jeff Hendrickson – assistant engineer
  • Andrea Klein – art direction, design, cover design
  • Bruce Lampcov – assistant engineer
  • Annie Leibovitz
    Annie Leibovitz

    Anna-Lou "Annie" Leibovitz is an United States portrait Photography whose style is marked by a close collaboration between the photographer and the subject....
     – photography
    Photography

    Photography is the process, activity and art of creating still or moving by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as a photographic film, or an ....
  • Bob Ludwig
    Bob Ludwig

    Bob Ludwig is an United States Audio mastering engineer.He is a well known and respected figure within the music industry. Ludwig's craftsmanship is appreciated widely within the music profession, as testified by his extensive credits and demand for his work....
     – mastering
  • Bill Scheniman – engineer
  • Toby Scott – engineer
  • Billy Straus – assistant engineer
  • Zoe Yanakis – assistant engineer


Charts


Album

Year Chart Position
1984 Billboard 200
Billboard 200

The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling Albums and extended play in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine....
1 (7 weeks)
1984 Australian Kent Music Report
Kent Music Report

The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by a music enthusiast, David Kent from May 1974 through to 1998....
 Albums Chart
1 (8 weeks)
1985 UK Albums Chart
UK Albums Chart

The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales in the United Kingdom. It is compiled by The Official UK Charts Company and published in Music Week magazine and on the OCC website ; the full Top 200 is published exclusively in ChartsPlus....
1 (5 weeks)


Singles

Year Single Chart Position
1984 "Dancing in the Dark" Hot Dance Music/Club Play 7
1984 "Dancing in the Dark" Mainstream Rock Tracks 1
1984 "Dancing in the Dark" The Billboard Hot 100 2
1984 "Cover Me" Hot Dance Music/Club Play 11
1984 "Cover Me" Mainstream Rock Tracks 3
1984 "Cover Me" The Billboard Hot 100 7
1984 "Born in the U.S.A." Mainstream Rock Tracks 8
1984 "Born in the U.S.A." The Billboard Hot 100 9
1985 "I'm on Fire" Adult Contemporary 6
1985 "I'm on Fire" Mainstream Rock Tracks 4
1985 "I'm on Fire" The Billboard Hot 100 6
1985 "Glory Days" Mainstream Rock Tracks 3
1985 "Glory Days" The Billboard Hot 100 5
1985 "I'm Goin' Down" Mainstream Rock Tracks 9
1985 "I'm Goin' Down" The Billboard Hot 100 9
1985 "My Hometown" Adult Contemporary 1
1985 "My Hometown" Mainstream Rock Tracks 6
1985 "My Hometown" The Billboard Hot 100 6


Non-single tracks

Year Single Chart Position
1984 "No Surrender" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks 29
1984 "Bobby Jean" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks 36


Chart trajectory

Billboard 200 Chart trajectory
Week010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Chart position931111232322222222222222222232

Billboard 200 chart trajectory
Week313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960
Chart position111223343333323334434555665445

Billboard 200 chart trajectory
Week616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990
Chart position56555444557999910988888810111515151515

Billboard 200 chart trajectory
Week919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116
Chart position192124292935414448565965737085959393111119115123132130134136

Billboard 200 chart trajectory
Week117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139
Chart position149154150162155149167171168174174190171144141129129127123127127155157


Certifications

Organization Level Date
RIAA – USA Gold July 8, 1984
RIAA – USA Platinum July 8, 1984
RIAA – USA 3x Platinum October 19, 1984
RIAA - USA 6x Platinum May 6, 1985
RIAA - USA 7x Platinum August 7, 1985
RIAA – USA 8x Platinum September 11, 1985
RIAA – USA 10x Platinum November 1, 1985
RIAA – USA 11x Platinum August 9, 1989
RIAA – USA 12x Platinum March 12, 1990
RIAA - USA 14x Platinum October 17, 1994
RIAA - USA 15x Platinum April 19, 1995

External links