Borei class submarine

Borei Class Submarine

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Borei class submarine

The Borei class (or Borei; , named after Boreas, the North wind) is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine
Ballistic missile submarine

A ballistic missile submarine is a submarine equipped to launch ballistic missiles . Ballistic missile submarines are larger than any other type of submarine, in order to accommodate SLBMs such as the Russian R-29 or the American Trident missile....
produced and operated by Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. It is intended to replace the Delta III
Delta class submarine

File:Soviet Military Power DD-ST-85-06588.JPEGThe Delta class submarine has formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973....
and Typhoon class
Typhoon class submarine

The Typhoon class submarine is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine deployed by the Soviet Navy in the 1980s. With a maximum displacement of 26,000 tonnes, Typhoons are the largest class of submarine ever built....
in the Russian Navy
Russian Navy

The Russian Navy or VMF is the Navy of the Russian Armed Forces. The international designation of Russian naval vessels is "RFS" - "Russian Federation Ship"....
.

on the first unit of the Borei class (officially designated Project 935) started in 1996. A new submarine-launched ballistic missile
Submarine-launched ballistic missile

Submarine-launched ballistic missiles or SLBMs are ballistic missiles delivering nuclear weapons that are launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles each of which carries a warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets....
was developed in parallel, called the SS-N-28
R-39M

R-39M Grom , NATO reporting name of SS-N-28, was a Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile. The missile was a upgraded version of the R-39 that was designed for the Typhoon class submarine....
Bark.

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Encyclopedia

The Borei class (or Borei; , named after Boreas, the North wind) is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine
Ballistic missile submarine

A ballistic missile submarine is a submarine equipped to launch ballistic missiles . Ballistic missile submarines are larger than any other type of submarine, in order to accommodate SLBMs such as the Russian R-29 or the American Trident missile....
produced and operated by Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. It is intended to replace the Delta III
Delta class submarine

File:Soviet Military Power DD-ST-85-06588.JPEGThe Delta class submarine has formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973....
and Typhoon class
Typhoon class submarine

The Typhoon class submarine is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine deployed by the Soviet Navy in the 1980s. With a maximum displacement of 26,000 tonnes, Typhoons are the largest class of submarine ever built....
in the Russian Navy
Russian Navy

The Russian Navy or VMF is the Navy of the Russian Armed Forces. The international designation of Russian naval vessels is "RFS" - "Russian Federation Ship"....
.

History and description
Work on the first unit of the Borei class (officially designated Project 935) started in 1996. A new submarine-launched ballistic missile
Submarine-launched ballistic missile

Submarine-launched ballistic missiles or SLBMs are ballistic missiles delivering nuclear weapons that are launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles each of which carries a warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets....
was developed in parallel, called the SS-N-28
R-39M

R-39M Grom , NATO reporting name of SS-N-28, was a Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile. The missile was a upgraded version of the R-39 that was designed for the Typhoon class submarine....
Bark. However, the work on the SS-N-28 was abandoned, and a new missile called the Bulava-30 was designed. The submarine needed to be redesigned to accommodate the new missile, and the project name was changed to Project 955. The vessels are being built at the Northern Machinebuilding Enterprise (Sevmash) in Severodvinsk
Severodvinsk

Severodvinsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the River delta of the Northern Dvina, west of Arkhangelsk....
, and were designed by Marine Equipment Design Bureau (Rubin
Rubin Design Bureau

Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering in Saint-Petersburg is one of the main Russian centers of submarine design, having produced more than two-thirds of all nuclear submarines in the Russian Navy....
). Because of the failure of several Bulava test launches , some experts have suggested that the Borei submarine could instead be armed with R-29RMU Sineva
R-29RMU Sineva

The R-29RMU Sineva, also designated RSM-54, is a Russian liquid-fuelled submarine-launched ballistic missile. It has the GRAU index 3M27, and is identified by NATO as the SS-N-23 Skiff....
missiles. The Sineva is already in active duty on the Delta IV class submarine.

The Borei is claimed to represent the state of the art in submarine design, incorporating characteristics that make it superior to any submarine currently in service, such as the ability to cruise silently and be less detectable to sonar. Advances include a compact and integrated hydrodynamically efficient hull for reduced broadband noise and the first ever use of pump-jet
Pump-jet

A pump-jet or water jet is a ocean system that creates a jet of water for Marine propulsion. The mechanical arrangement may be a ducted propeller with nozzle, or a turbopump and nozzle....
propulsion on a Russian nuclear submarine. Costing some $890 million USD, Borei is approximately 170 metre
Metre

The metre or meter is a Unit of measurement of length. It is the SI base unit of length in the metric system and in the International System of Units , used around the world for general and scientific purposes....
s long, 10 metres in diameter, and has a maximum submerged speed of at least 46 kilometers per hour (25 knots
Knot (speed)

The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. Its kn abbreviation is preferred by American and Canadian maritime authorities, and by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; however, the kt and kts abbreviations also are used....
). Smaller than the , the Borei was initially slated to carry the same number of missiles (20) but has been forced to sacrifice 4 missiles due to the increase in mass of the 45-ton Bulava SLBM (a modified version of the Topol-M ICBM
RT-2UTTH Topol M

The RT-2UTTKh ?Topol-M? is one of the most recent intercontinental ballistic missiles to be deployed by Russia , and the first to be developed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union....
) over the proposed SS-N-28.

Deployment
The launch of the first submarine of the class, the , was scheduled for 2002 but was delayed because of budget constraints. The vessel was eventually rolled out of its construction hall on 15 April 2007 in a ceremony attended by many senior military and industrial personnel. The Yuriy Dolgorukiy was the first strategic missile submarine to be launched in the seventeen years since the end of the Soviet
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
era; in fact, it was the first Russian (rather than Soviet) vessel. Currently, there are two more Borei class submarines under construction, named and . The planned contingent of twelve strategic submarines is expected to be commissioned within the next decade (five "Project 955" are planned for purchase through 2015).

Although the Yuriy Dolgorukiy was officially rolled out of its construction hall on 15 April 2007 the submarine was not put into the water until February 2008. By December 2008 it had yet to be armed with Bulava
Bulava (missile)

The "Bulava" is a submarine-launched ballistic missile under development in Russia. The Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology is chiefly responsible for the missile's design....
missiles and is therefore not fully operational, although ready for trials at sea on 24 October 2008. On November 21 2008 the reactor on the Yuriy Dolgorukiy was activated and on December 18 it was announced that the submarine would start its sea trials before the end of the year. However on December 30, this was delayed to the spring of 2009. The reason for this was apparantly issues with the placement of a nuclear reactor
Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion....
on board the submarine.

On February 11 2009, Russia's Navy commander stated that the Yuriy Dolgorukiy would start its trials as soon as ice flow conditions in the White Sea
White Sea

The White Sea is an inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast....
become more favorable. In the meantime, the submarine's crew and a team of Sevmash specialists will continue readying the vessel for trial.

Ships

Borei class — significant dates
Name Laid down Launched Commissioned
2 November 1996 13 February 2008 Expected late 2009 ^†
19 March 2004 Expected in 2010 Expected in 2011
19 March 2006 N/A N/A
^† As of January 2009 no Bulava missiles have been produced for the Yuriy Dolgorukiy

The submarine located at Lat. 64º34'34,51"N 39º 48'26.16"E correspond to the photographs taken from Yuri Dolgoruki in the floating dock. Please verify.
External links

, Sevmash,Severodvinsk (satellite photo)