Bond strength

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Bond strength

In chemistry

Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, bond strength is measured between two atom

Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
s joined in a chemical bond

Chemical bond

A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds....
. It is the degree to which each atom linked to a central atom contributes to the valency of this central atom. Bond strength is intimately linked to bond order

Bond order

Bond order is the number of bonds between a pair of atoms. For example in nitrogen N=N the bond order is 3, in acetylene H-C=C-H the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 3 and the C-H bond order is 1....
.

Bond strength can be quantified by:

Another criterion of bond strength is the qualitative relation between bond energies and the overlap of atomic orbital

Atomic orbital

An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus....
s of the bonds (Pauling

Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling was an United States scientist, peace activist, author and list of educators. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists in any field of the 20th century....
and Mulliken

Robert S. Mulliken

Robert Sanderson Mulliken was an United States physics and chemistry, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e....
).

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Encyclopedia

In chemistry

Chemistry

Atom

Chemical bond

Bond order

bond energy
Bond energy

In chemistry, bond energy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. For example the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen Radical s divided by 4....
: requires lengthy calculations, even for the simplest bonds.
bond dissociation energy
Bond dissociation energy

In chemistry, bond dissociation energy, D0 or BDE, is one measure of the bond strength in a chemical bond. It is defined as the enthalpy when a bond is cleaved by homolysis, with reactants and products of the homolysis reaction at 0 K ....

Another criterion of bond strength is the qualitative relation between bond energies and the overlap of atomic orbital

Atomic orbital

Linus Pauling

Robert S. Mulliken

Robert Sanderson Mulliken was an United States physics and chemistry, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e....
). The more these overlap, the more the bonding electron

Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
s are to be found between the nuclei

Atomic nucleus

The nucleus of an atom is the very dense region, consisting of nucleons , at the center of an atom. Although the size of the nucleus varies considerably according to the mass of the atom, the size of the entire atom is comparatively constant....
and hence stronger will be the bond. This overlap can be calculated and is called the overlap integral

Integral

Integration is an important concept in mathematics, specifically in the field of calculus and, more broadly, mathematical analysis. Given a function ƒ of a Real number variable x and an interval [a, b] of the real line, the integral...
.