The
Bombay Stock Exchange (
BSE) (
) (formerly,
The Stock Exchange, Bombay) is a
stock exchangeA stock exchange is an entity that provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and...
located on
Dalal StreetDalal Street in downtown Mumbai, India is the address of the Bombay Stock Exchange and several related financial firms and institutions. It is the busiest street in the city...
,
MumbaiMumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
and is the oldest stock exchange in
AsiaAsia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
. The equity
market capitalizationMarket capitalization is a measurement of the value of the ownership interest that shareholders hold in a business enterprise. It is equal to the share price times the number of shares outstanding of a publicly traded company...
of the companies listed on the BSE was 1.63 trillion as of December 2010, making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the
8th largest in the world. The BSE has the largest number of listed companies in the world.
As of June 2011, there are over 5,085 listed Indian companies and over 8,196 scrips on the stock exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange has a significant trading volume. The
BSE SENSEXThe Bombay Stock Exchange SENSEX also referred to as BSE 30 is a free-float market capitalization-weighted stock market index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange...
, also called "BSE 30", is a widely used market index in India and
AsiaAsia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
. Though many other exchanges exist, BSE and the
National Stock Exchange of IndiaThe National Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the 9th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. NSE has a market capitalization...
account for the majority of the
equity tradingIn finance, equity trading is the buying and selling of company stock shares. Shares in large publicly-traded companies are bought and sold through one of the major stock exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange or Tokyo Stock Exchange, which serve as managed auctions...
in India. While both have similar total market capitalization (about USD 1.6 trillion), share volume in NSE is typically two times that of BSE.
Hours of operation
| Session |
Timing |
| Beginning of the Day Session |
8:30 - 9:00 |
| pre-open trading session |
9:00 - 9:15 |
| Trading Session |
9:15 - 15:30 |
| Position Transfer Session |
15:30 - 15:50 |
| Closing Session |
15:50 - 16:05 |
| Option Exercise Session |
16:05 - |
The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms the local time (i.e. GMT +5:30) in Mumbai , India.
BSE's normal trading sessions are on all days of the week except Saturday, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.
History
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to the 1850s, when four Gujarati and one Parsi stockbroker would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai's Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times, as the number of brokers constantly increased. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization known as 'The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association'. In 1956, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act.
The Bombay Stock Exchange developed the
BSE SENSEXThe Bombay Stock Exchange SENSEX also referred to as BSE 30 is a free-float market capitalization-weighted stock market index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange...
in 1986, giving the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000 the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading SENSEX futures contracts. The development of SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform.
Historically an open outcry floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system in 1995. It took the exchange only fifty days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) currently has a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced the world's first centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx.co.in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. The BSE is currently housed in
Phiroze Jeejeebhoy TowersThe Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, popularly known by its original name of BSE Towers, is a 29 storey building in downtown Mumbai on Dalal Street, near its intersection with the Mumbai Samachar Marg. The building is owned and occupied by the Bombay Stock Exchange .-History:Prior to 1928, the Bombay...
at
Dalal StreetDalal Street in downtown Mumbai, India is the address of the Bombay Stock Exchange and several related financial firms and institutions. It is the busiest street in the city...
,
Fort areaFort is a business district in Mumbai, India. The area was the heart of the city during the 18th century. The area gets its name from the defensive fort, Fort St. George, built by the British East India Company around Bombay Castle...
.
Timeline
Following is the timeline on the rise of the SENSEX through Indian stock market history.
1830's Business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses started in Mumbai.
1860-1865
Cotton price bubble as a result of the American Civil War.
1870 - 90's
Sharp increase in share prices of jute industries followed by a boom in tea stocks and coal
1978-79
Base year of SENSEX, defined to be 100.
1986
SENSEX first compiled using a market Capitalization-Weighted methodology for 30 component stocks representing well-established companies across key sectors.
30 October 2006
The SENSEX on October 30, 2006 crossed the magical figure of 13,000 and closed at 13,024.26 points, up 117.45 points or 0.9%. It took 135 days for the SENSEX to move from 12,000 to 13,000 and 123 days to move from 12,500 to 13,000.
5 December 2006
The SENSEX on December 5, 2006 crossed the 14,000-mark to touch 14,028 points. It took 36 days for the SENSEX to move from 13,000 to the 14,000 mark.
6 July 2007
The SENSEX on July 6, 2007 crossed the magical figure of 15,000 to touch 15,005 points in afternoon trade. It took seven months for the SENSEX to move from 14,000 to 15,000 points.
19 September 2007
The SENSEX scaled yet another milestone during early morning trade on September 19, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the SENSEX crossed 16,000, rising by 450 points from the previous close. The 30-share Bombay Stock Exchange's sensitive index took 53 days to reach 16,000 from 15,000. Nifty also touched a new high at 4659, up 113 points.
The SENSEX finally ended with a gain of 654 points at 16,323. The NSE Nifty gained 186 points to close at 4,732.
26 September 2007
The SENSEX scaled yet another height during early morning trade on September 26, 2007. Within minutes after trading began, the SENSEX crossed the 17,000-mark. Some
profit takingIn finance, profit taking is the practice of selling an asset, mostly shares, when the asset has risen in price. This allows investors to convert the increase of an asset's market value into cash....
towards the end saw the index slip into red to 16,887 - down 187 points from the day's high. The SENSEX ended with a gain of 22 points at 16,921.
9 October 2007
The BSE SENSEX crossed the 18,000-mark on October 9, 2007. It took just 8 days to cross 18,000 points from the 17,000 mark. The index zoomed to a new all-time intra-day high of 18,327. It finally gained 789 points to close at an all-time high of 18,280. The market set several new records including the biggest single day gain of 789 points at close, as well as the largest intra-day gains of 993 points in absolute term backed by frenzied buying after the news of the UPA and Left meeting on October 22 put an end to the worries of an impending election.
15 October 2007
The SENSEX crossed the 19,000-mark backed by revival of funds-based buying in blue chip stocks in metal, capital goods and refinery sectors. The index gained the last 1,000 points in just four trading days. The index touched a fresh all-time intra-day high of 19,096, and finally ended with a smart gain of 640 points at 19,059.The Nifty gained 242 points to close at 5,670.
29 October 2007
The SENSEX crossed the 20,000 mark on the back of aggressive buying by funds ahead of the US Federal Reserve meeting. The index took only 10 trading days to gain 1,000 points after the index crossed the 19,000-mark on October 15. The major drivers of today's rally were index heavyweights Larsen and Toubro, Reliance Industries, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and SBI among others. The 30-share index spurted in the last five minutes of trade to fly-past the crucial level and scaled a new intra-day peak at 20,024.87 points before ending at its fresh closing high of 19,977.67, a gain of 734.50 points. The NSE Nifty rose to a record high 5,922.50 points before ending at 5,905.90, showing a hefty gain of 203.60 points.
8 January 2008
The SENSEX peaks. It crossed the 21,000 mark in intra-day trading after 49 trading sessions. This was backed by high market confidence of increased FII investment and strong corporate results for the third quarter. However, it later fell back due to profit booking.
13 June 2008
The SENSEX closed below 15,200 mark, Indian market suffer with major downfall from January 21, 2008
25 June 2008
The SENSEX touched an intra day low of 13,731 during the early trades, then pulled back and ended up at 14,220 amidst a negative sentiment generated on the Reserve Bank of India hiking CRR by 50 bps. FII outflow continued in this week.
2 July 2008
The SENSEX hit an intra day low of 12,822.70 on July 2, 2008. This is the lowest that it has ever been in the past year. Six months ago, on January 10, 2008, the market had hit an all time high of 21206.70. This is a bad time for the Indian markets, although Reliance and Infosys continue to lead the way with mostly positive results.
6 October 2008
The SENSEX closed at 11801.70 hitting the lowest in the past 2 years.
10 October 2008
The SENSEX today closed at 10527, 800.51 points down from the previous day having seen an intraday fall of as large as 1063 points.
Thus, this week turned out to be the week with largest percentage fall in the SENSEX
18 May 2009
After the result of 15th Indian general election SENSEX gained 2100.79 points from the previous close of 12173.42, a record one-day gain. In the opening trade itself the SENSEX evinced a 15% gain over the previous close which led to a two-hour suspension in trading. After trading resumed, the SENSEX surged again, leading to a full day suspension of trading.
19 October 2010
BSE introduced the 15-minute special pre-open trading session, a mechanism under which investors can bid for stocks before the market opens. The mechanism, known as 'pre-open session call auction', lasted for 15 minutes (from 9:00-9:15 am).
5 November 2010
BSE SENSEX crossed the 21000 mark (exactly 21004.96).
27 December 2010
BSE SENSEX is at 20,028.93.
Indices
The launch of SENSEX in 1986 was later followed up in January 1989 by introduction of BSE National Index (Base: 1983-84 = 100). It comprised 100 stocks listed at five major stock exchanges in India -
MumbaiMumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
, Calcutta,
DelhiDelhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
,
AhmedabadAhmedabad also known as Karnavati is the largest city in Gujarat, India. It is the former capital of Gujarat and is also the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court has its seat in Ahmedabad...
and Madras. The BSE National Index was renamed BSE-100 Index from October 14, 1996 and since then, it is being calculated taking into consideration only the prices of stocks listed at BSE. BSE launched the dollar-linked version of BSE-100 index on May 22, 2006. BSE launched two new index series on 27 May 1994: The 'BSE-200' and the 'DOLLEX-200'. BSE-500 Index and 5 sectoral indices were launched in 1999. In 2001, BSE launched BSE-PSU Index, DOLLEX-30 and the country's first free-float based index - the BSE TECk Index. Over the years, BSE shifted all its indices to the free-float methodology (except BSE-PSU index). BSE disseminates information on the Price-Earnings Ratio, the Price to Book Value Ratio and the Dividend Yield Percentage on day-to-day basis of all its major indices. The values of all BSE indices are updated on real time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, BSE website and news wire agencies. All BSE Indices are reviewed periodically by the BSE Index Committee. This Committee which comprises eminent independent finance professionals frames the broad policy guidelines for the development and maintenance of all BSE indices. The BSE Index Cell carries out the day-to-day maintenance of all indices and conducts research on development of new indices.
SENSEX is significantly correlated with the stock indices of other emerging markets
Awards
- The World Council of Corporate Governance has awarded the Golden Peacock Global CSR Award for BSE's initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
- The Annual Reports and Accounts of BSE for the year ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007 have been awarded the ICAI awards for excellence in financial reporting.
- The Human Resource Management at BSE has won the Asia - Pacific HRM awards for its efforts in employer branding through talent management at work, health management at work and excellence in HR through technology
See also
- Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers
The Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, popularly known by its original name of BSE Towers, is a 29 storey building in downtown Mumbai on Dalal Street, near its intersection with the Mumbai Samachar Marg. The building is owned and occupied by the Bombay Stock Exchange .-History:Prior to 1928, the Bombay...
- Clause 49
Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement to the Indian stock exchange comes into effect from 31 December 2005. It has been formulated for the improvement of corporate governance in all listed companies....
- National Stock Exchange of India
The National Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the 9th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. NSE has a market capitalization...
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
External links