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The Bologna declaration is the main guiding document of the Bologna process
Bologna process

The purpose of the Bologna process is to create the European higher education area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention....
. It was adopted by ministers of education of 29 European countries at their meeting in Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
 in 1999.

It proposed a European Higher Education Area
European Higher Education Area

The European Higher Education Area is the objective of the Bologna process - to create more comparable, compatible and coherent systems of higher education in Europe....
 in which students and graduates could move freely between countries, using prior qualifications in one country as acceptable entry requirements for further study in another.

The principal aims agreed were:

1.






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The Bologna declaration is the main guiding document of the Bologna process
Bologna process

The purpose of the Bologna process is to create the European higher education area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention....
. It was adopted by ministers of education of 29 European countries at their meeting in Bologna
Bologna

Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....
 in 1999.

It proposed a European Higher Education Area
European Higher Education Area

The European Higher Education Area is the objective of the Bologna process - to create more comparable, compatible and coherent systems of higher education in Europe....
 in which students and graduates could move freely between countries, using prior qualifications in one country as acceptable entry requirements for further study in another.

The principal aims agreed were:

1. "Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees". That is to say, countries should adopt common terminology and standards

2. "Adoption of a system essentially based on two main cycles, undergraduate and graduate. Access to the second cycle shall require successful completion of first cycle studies, lasting a minimum of three years. The degree awarded after the first cycle shall also be relevant to the European labour market as an appropriate level of qualification. The second cycle should lead to the master and/or doctorate degree as in many European countries."

The subsequently refined the second point, and produced a three-cycle , which in the UK terminology (adopted, at least partially, by many European countries) would be Bachelor for a first degree of three years, Master for subsequent study, and Doctor for a degree which has "made a contribution through original research that extends the frontier of knowledge by developing a substantial body of work".

The Bologna declaration has later been followed up by the Prague communiqué (2001), the Berlin communiqué (2003) and the (2005). The most recent meeting took place in London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 in 2007 and produced the .

The Bologna 6th Ministerial Conference will take place in Leuven
Leuven

Leuven is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flanders, Belgium. It is located about 30 kilometers east of Brussels, with as other neighbouring cities Mechelen, Aarschot, Tienen, and Wavre....
/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve

Louvain-la-Neuve, an example of the "automobile under" type of New Pedestrianism, is a planned city in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium....
 in Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
 on 28-29 April 2009.

There is much criticism of the Bologna Declaration, which is seen by some experts as a neo-liberal attempt to impose the logic of the market on European Higher Education.

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