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The Blue Ridge, or Blue Ridge Mountains, is a physiographic province
Physiographic regions of the world

The physiographic regions of the world are a means of defining the Earth's landforms into distinct regions based upon Nevin Fenneman's classic three-tiered approach of divisions, provinces and sections, in 1916, which although they date from the mid 1910s, are still considered basically valid, and were the basis for similar classifications of...
 of the larger Appalachian
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
 division. The province consists of the Northern and Southern physiographic sections, which divide near the Roanoke River gap. They are a mountain chain in the eastern United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, part of the Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
, forming their eastern front from Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a U.S. state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against United Kingdom rule in the American Revolution....
 to Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
. To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Valley
Great Appalachian Valley

The Great Valley, also called the Great Appalachian Valley or Great Valley Region, is one of the major landform features of eastern North America....
, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley
Ridge-and-valley Appalachians

The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a Physiographic regions of the world of the larger Appalachian Mountains division and are also a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania and southward...
 province.






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The Blue Ridge, or Blue Ridge Mountains, is a physiographic province
Physiographic regions of the world

The physiographic regions of the world are a means of defining the Earth's landforms into distinct regions based upon Nevin Fenneman's classic three-tiered approach of divisions, provinces and sections, in 1916, which although they date from the mid 1910s, are still considered basically valid, and were the basis for similar classifications of...
 of the larger Appalachian
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
 division. The province consists of the Northern and Southern physiographic sections, which divide near the Roanoke River gap. They are a mountain chain in the eastern United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, part of the Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains or , often called the Appalachians, are a vast mountain range in eastern North America. Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians....
, forming their eastern front from Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a U.S. state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against United Kingdom rule in the American Revolution....
 to Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
. To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Valley
Great Appalachian Valley

The Great Valley, also called the Great Appalachian Valley or Great Valley Region, is one of the major landform features of eastern North America....
, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley
Ridge-and-valley Appalachians

The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a Physiographic regions of the world of the larger Appalachian Mountains division and are also a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania and southward...
 province. The mountains are well known for their bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the "blue" in Blue Ridge, from the hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the characteristic haze on the mountains and their distinctive color.

Within the Blue Ridge province, there are two National Parks: the Shenandoah
Shenandoah National Park

Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia. This national park is long and narrow, with the broad Shenandoah River and valley on the west side, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont on the east....
 in the northern section and the Great Smoky Mountains
Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountains....
 in the southern section. The Blue Ridge also contains the Blue Ridge Parkway, a long scenic highway that connects the two parks and is located along the ridge crestlines along the Appalachian Trail.

Geography

See also: List of mountains of the Blue Ridge
List of mountains of the Blue Ridge

The following is a List of mountains constituting the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range stretching from Pennsylvania to Georgia in the USA....
Although the term "Blue Ridge" is sometimes applied exclusively to the eastern edge or front range of the Appalachian Mountains, the geological definition of the Blue Ridge province extends westward to the Ridge and Valley
Ridge-and-valley Appalachians

The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a Physiographic regions of the world of the larger Appalachian Mountains division and are also a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania and southward...
 area, encompassing the Great Smoky Mountains
Great Smoky Mountains

The Great Smoky Mountains are a mountain range rising along the Tennessee-North Carolina border in the southeastern United States. They are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains, and form part of the Blue Ridge Mountains....
, the Great Balsams, the Roans
Roan Mountain (Roan Highlands)

Roan Mountain is the highpoint of the Roan-Unaka Range of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, located in the Southeastern United States. The mountain is clad in one of the thickest stands of coniferous forest in the southern Appalachians, the world's largest natural rhododendron garden, and the longest stretch of Appalachian balds in the Appa...
, the Brushy Mountains
Brushy Mountains (North Carolina)

File:Brushy Mountains-27527-1.jpgThe Brushy Mountains are a mountain range located in northwestern North Carolina. They are an isolated "spur" of the much larger Blue Ridge Mountains, separated from them by the Yadkin River valley....
 (a "spur" of the Blue Ridge) and other mountain range
Mountain range

A mountain range is a chain of mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by mountain pass or valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different orogeny, for example volcanoes, uplifted mountains or Fold mountains...
s.

The Blue Ridge extends as far north into Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
 as South Mountain
South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)

South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountains mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the long range separates the Hagerstown Valley and Cumberland Valley Valleys from the piedmont regions of the two states....
. While South Mountain dwindles to mere hills between Gettysburg
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Gettysburg is a city located in the state of Pennsylvania, USA. Although known primarily as an attraction because of its proximity to the Gettysburg Battlefield, site of the Battle of Gettysburg, the town is also known for its institutions of higher learning, namely the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, founded in 1826, and Gettys...
 and Harrisburg
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Harrisburg is the Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America. As of the United States Census, 2000, the city had a population of 48,950, making it the tenth largest city in Pennsylvania, after Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Pennsylvania, Erie, Pennsylvania, Reading, Pennsylvania, Scranton, Pennsylvani...
, the band of ancient rocks that forms the core of the Blue Ridge continues northeast through the New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 and Hudson River
Hudson River

The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk , the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that flows from north to south through eastern New York....
 highlands, eventually reaching The Berkshires
The Berkshires

The Berkshires , located in the western parts of Massachusetts and Connecticut, is both a specific highland geologic region and a broader associated cultural region....
 of Massachusetts
Massachusetts

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. It borders Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north....
 and the Green Mountains
Green Mountains

The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont. The range extends approximately 250 miles . The most notable mountains in the range include:...
 of Vermont
Vermont

Vermont is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. The state ranks 43rd by land area, , and 45th by total area....
.

The Blue Ridge contains the highest mountains in eastern North America. About 125 peaks exceed in elevation. The highest peak in the Blue Ridge (and in the entire Appalachian chain) is Mt. Mitchell
Mount Mitchell (North Carolina)

Mount Mitchell is the highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains and the highest peak in eastern North America, excluding Prominent summits of North American islands....
 in North Carolina
North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north....
 at . There are 39 peaks in North Carolina and Tennessee higher than ; by comparison, only New Hampshire
New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States of America. The state was named after the southern English Counties of England of Hampshire....
's Mt. Washington
Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

Mount Washington is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States at . It is famous for its dangerously erratic weather, holding the record for the highest wind gust directly measured at the Earth's surface, at on the afternoon of April 12, 1934....
 rises above in the northern portion of the Appalachian chain.

The Blue Ridge Parkway
Blue Ridge Parkway

The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and National Scenic Byway in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty. It runs for 469 miles , mostly through the famous Blue Ridge Mountains, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains....
 runs 469 miles (750 km) along crests of the Southern Appalachians and links two national parks: Shenandoah
Shenandoah National Park

Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia. This national park is long and narrow, with the broad Shenandoah River and valley on the west side, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont on the east....
 and Great Smoky Mountains
Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountains....
. In many places along the parkway, there are metamorphic
Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form"....
 rocks (gneiss
Gneiss

Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of Rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic rock processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous rock or Sedimentary rock rocks....
) with folded bands of light-and dark-colored minerals, which sometimes look like the folds and swirls in a marble cake.

Geology

Most of the rocks that form the Blue Ridge Mountains are ancient granitic charnockite
Charnockite

Charnockite is applied to any orthopyroxene-bearing granite, composed mainly of quartz, perthite or antiperthite and orthopyroxene , as an end-member of the charnockite series ....
s, metamorphosed volcanic formations, and sedimentary limestones. Recent studies completed by Richard Tollo, a professor and geologist at the George Washington University
George Washington University

The George Washington University is a Private university, Mixed-sex education university located in Washington, D.C. The school was chartered on February 9, 1821 as The Columbian College in the District of Columbia by an Act of Congress and since that time has developed into a nonsectarian research institution....
, provide greater insight into the petrologic and geochronologic history of the Blue Ridge basement suites. Modern studies have found that the basement geology of the Blue Ridge is made of compositionally unique gneiss
Gneiss

Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of Rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic rock processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous rock or Sedimentary rock rocks....
es and granitoids
Granite

Granite is a common and widely occurring type of Intrusion , felsic, igneous rock rock . Granite has a medium to coarse texture, occasionally with some individual crystals larger than the groundmass forming a rock known as Porphyry ....
, including orthopyroxene-bearing charnockites. Analyses of zircon
Zircon

Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of Silicate minerals. Its chemical name is zirconium silicate and its corresponding chemical formula is ZirconiumSiliconOxygen4....
 minerals in the granites completed by John Aleinikoff at the U.S. Geological Survey have provided more detailed emplacement ages.

Many of the features found in the Blue Ridge and documented by Tollo and others have confirmed that the rocks exhibit many similar features in other North American Grenville-age
Grenville orogeny

The Grenville orogeny was an episode of mountain-building associated with the assembly of the ancient supercontinent Rodinia. The Grenville orogeny occurred in the late Proterozoic eon, 1300-1000 million years ago, as numerous continental plates collided around the edges of North America, forming folded mountains....
 terrane
Terrane

A terrane in geology is a fragment of crustal material formed on, or broken off from, one tectonic plate and Accretion ? "Suture " ? to crust lying on another plate....
s. The lack of a calc-alkaline affinity and zircon ages less than 1,200 Ma
Annum

Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages: the accusative case Grammatical number of the second declension grammatical gender noun annus , anni ....
 suggest that Blue Ridge are unique from the Adirondacks
Adirondack Mountains

The Adirondack Mountains are a mountain range located in the northeastern part of New York, that runs through Clinton County, New York, Essex County, New York, Franklin County, New York, Fulton County, New York, Hamilton County, New York, Herkimer County, New York, Lewis County, New York, Saint Lawrence County, New York, Saratoga County, New...
, Green Mountains
Green Mountains

The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont. The range extends approximately 250 miles . The most notable mountains in the range include:...
, and possibly the New York-New Jersey Highlands. The petrologic
Petrology

In geology, petrology is the study of Rock s, and the conditions in which they form. Lithology once was approximately synonymous with petrography, but in current usage, lithology is a subdivision of petrology focusing on macroscopic hand-sample or outcrop-scale description of rocks, while petrography is the speciality that deals with m...
 and geochronologic
Geochronology

In the natural sciences under the umbrella of natural history, Geochronology is the science of determining the absolute age of rock , fossils, and sediments, within a certain degree of uncertainty inherent within the method used....
 data suggest that the Blue Ridge basement is a composite orogenic crust that was emplaced during several episodes from a crustal magma source. Field relationships further illustrate that rocks emplaced prior to 1,078-1,064 Ma preserve deformational features. Those emplaced post-1,064 Ma generally have a massive texture and missed the main episode of Mesoproterozoic compression.

History

The English who settled Virginia
Virginia

The Commonwealth of Virginia is an United States U.S. state on the East Coast of the United States of the Southern United States. The state is known as the "Old Dominion" and sometimes as "Mother of Presidents", because it is the birthplace of Lists of United States Presidents by place of birth#By state....
 in the early 1600s recorded that the native Powhatan
Powhatan

The Powhatan , or Powhatan Renape , is the name of a Native Americans in the United States tribe. It is also the name of a powerful Confederation of tribes which they dominated....
 name for the Blue Ridge was Quirank.

At the foot of the Blue Ridge, various tribes including the Siouan Manahoac
Manahoac

The Manahoac, also recorded as Mahock, were a small group of Siouan Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They numbered approximately 1,000 by the time of European contact and lived in northern Virginia, primarily along the Rappahannock River west of modern Fredericksburg, Virginia and the fall line and east of the Blue Ridge Mountains....
s, the Iroquois
Iroquois

The Iroquois Confederacy is a group of First Nations/Native Americans in the United States that originally consisted of five nations: the Mohawk nation, the Oneida tribe, the Onondaga , the Cayuga nation, and the Seneca nation....
, and the Shawnee
Shawnee

The Shawnee, Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. They originally inhabited the areas of Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania....
 hunted and fished. As more settlers moved into Virginia, their economic and at times martial competition pushed the native inhabitants west.

The Blue Ridge Mountains began forming during the Silurian Period over 350 million years ago. Approx. 320 m-y-a, North America and Europe collided, pushing the Blue Ridges up higher.

Flora and fauna


Musical references

  • John Fogerty
    John Fogerty

    John Cameron Fogerty is an United States Rock music singer, songwriter, and guitarist, best known for his time with the swamp rock/roots rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival....
    's first solo album, released in 1973, is called The Blue Ridge Rangers
    The Blue Ridge Rangers

    The Blue Ridge Rangers is the first solo album by John Fogerty, the former lead singer and lead guitarist of Creedence Clearwater Revival. It was released by Fantasy Records in 1973 as by "The Blue Ridge Rangers." The reason Fogerty chose to issue the album under The Blue Ridge Rangers name was to put some distance between himself and the...
    , and also contains a cover of "Blue Ridge Mountains Blues".
  • The song "Honeysuckle Blue" by Drivin N Cryin
    Drivin N Cryin

    Drivin' n' Cryin is an United States Hard rock/Southern rock band from Atlanta, GA....
  • The song "Stonewall Jackson's Way"
  • The chorus of the popular song, The Trail of the Lonesome Pine
    The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)

    "The Trail Of The Lonesome Pine" is a popular song published in 1913 with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald and music by Harry Carroll. In the song the singer expresses his love for June who lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia....
    . The song was popularized in the 1930s by the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy
    Laurel and Hardy

    Laurel and Hardy were a popular comedy team of thin, British-born Stan Laurel and heavy, American-born Oliver Hardy . They became famous during the early half of the 20th century for their work in motion pictures and also appeared on stage throughout America and Europe....
    , who sang it in their film,     Way Out West
    Way Out West (1937 film)

    Way Out West is a Laurel and Hardy comedy film released in 1937. It was directed by James W. Horne, produced by Stan Laurel and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer....
    . Their recording was released (posthumously) in 1975, achieving chart success in the United Kingdom.
  • John Denver
    John Denver

    John Denver , born Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr., was an United States Country Music/folk music singer-songwriter and folk rock musician. He was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the 1970s in terms of record sales, recording and releasing around 300 songs, of which about half were composed by him....
     sang of the Blue Ridge in the celebrated 1971 song "Take Me Home, Country Roads
    Take Me Home, Country Roads

    "Take Me Home, Country Roads" is a song written by John Denver, Bill Danoff and Taffy Nivert, and initially recorded by John Denver. It was included on his 1971 breakout album Poems, Prayers, and Promises; the single went to #2 on the U.S....
    ". The lyrics place the mountain range in the state of West Virginia
    West Virginia

    West Virginia is a U.S. state in the Appalachian, Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia on the southeast, Kentucky on the southwest, Ohio on the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland on the northeast....
    , although in fact, the only part of the range falling within that state is at its easternmost tip, at a point near Harper's Ferry.
  • The song 'Baltimore' by the Virginia based band The Hackensaw Boys
    The Hackensaw Boys

    The Hackensaw Boys are an Americana band from Charlottesville, Virginia inspired by Punk rock, Bluegrass music, and old-time music. They formed as a quartet consisting of Tom Peloso, David Sickmen, Rob Bullington, and Robbie St....
     features the line "the Blue Ridge Mountains calling me back home".
  • Been All Around This World - The Grateful Dead. "Up On The Blue Ridge Mountains, there I'll make my stand."
  • The song "Blue Ridge Mountain Sky" by The Marshall Tucker Band.
  • The song "Blue Ridge Mountain Blues" by Earl Scruggs
    Earl Scruggs

    Earl Eugene Scruggs is a musician noted for perfecting and popularizing a 3-finger style on the 5-string banjo that is a defining characteristic of bluegrass music....
    .
  • The song "Blue Ridge Mountains" by Fleet Foxes
    Fleet Foxes

    Fleet Foxes are a five-piece Seattle-based band signed to Sub Pop and Bella Union. The band came to prominence in 2008 with the release of their second EP, Sun Giant, and their debut full length album Fleet Foxes ....
     contains the lyrics "...I heard that you missed your connecting flight, to the Blue Ridge Mountains over near Tennessee"
  • The band piece "Blue Ridge Saga" by James Swearingen
    James Swearingen

    James Swearingen is an United States composer and arranger. He holds a Masters Degree from Ohio State University and a Bachelors Degree from Bowling Green State University and is currently Professor of Music, Department Chair of music education at Capital University, Columbus, Ohio....
    .
  • Kristin Hersh
    Kristin Hersh

    Kristin Hersh is an United States singer/songwriter who performs solo acoustic concerts; she also has performed as lead singer and guitarist for alternative rock group Throwing Muses and currently leads the hardcore punk-influenced power trio 50 Foot Wave....
    's "Houdini Blues," co-written with her father, has the lines: "I been on the other side of the Blue Ridge/Seen the Shenandoah rollin' there."
  • Song and album "My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy
    My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy

    My Blue Ridge Mountain Boy was Dolly Parton's third solo album for RCA, originally released in September 1969....
    " by Dolly Parton
    Dolly Parton

    Dolly Rebecca Parton is a Grammy Award-winning United Statesn singer-songwriter, author, actress and philanthropist, known for her prolific work in country music....
    .
  • Country
    Country music

    Country music is a blend of popular American music forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. It has roots in Traditional music, Celtic music, gospel music, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s....
    -folk singer Townes van Zandt
    Townes Van Zandt

    John Townes Van Zandt , best known as Townes Van Zandt, was a country music-folk music singer-songwriter, performer, and poet. Many of his songs, including "If I Needed You," "To Live Is To Fly," and "No Place to Fall" are considered standards of their genre....
     sang "My home is in the Blue Ridge Mountains" in the song "Blue Ridge Mountains"
  • The song "Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia", by NWOBHM band Tokyo Blade
    Tokyo Blade

    Tokyo Blade was a Great Britain Heavy metal music band, active from 1983 to 1997....
  • The song "Spin on a Red Brick Floor" by Nanci Griffith
    Nanci Griffith

    'Nanci Caroline Griffith', is an United States singer, guitarist and songwriter from Austin, Texas.Griffith's career has spanned a variety of musical genres, predominantly country music, folk music, and what she terms "folkabilly." Griffith won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 1994 for her recording, Other Voices, Other R...
     contains the lyrics "Oh the Blue Ridge mountains at the fall of the night; it sure feels good when you cross that line"

See also

  • Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
    Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests

    The Appalachian-Blue Ridge Forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the Eastern United States delineated by the World Wide Fund for Nature....
  • Cove (Appalachian Mountains)
    Cove (Appalachian Mountains)

    In the central and southern Appalachian Mountains of Eastern North America, a cove is a small valley between two ridge lines that is closed at one or both ends....


External links