Blot (biology)

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• colorant staining (for example, silver staining of proteins)
• autoradiographic visualization of radioactive labelled molecules (performed before the blot)
• specific labelling of some proteins or nucleic acid
  Nucleic acid
  
  A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
  s. It is done with antibodies
  Antibody
  
  Antibodies are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacterium and viruses....
   or hybridization probe
  Hybridization probe
  
  In molecular biology, a hybridization probe is a fragment of DNA or RNA of variable length , which is used to detect in DNA or RNA samples the presence of nucleotide sequences that are Complementarity to the sequence in the probe....
  s that bind only to some molecules of the blot and have an enzyme
  Enzyme
  
  Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
   joined to them. After proper washing, this enzymatic activity (and so, the molecules we search in the blot) is visualized by incubation with proper reactive, rendering either a colored deposit on the blot or a chemiluminiscent reaction which is registered by photographic film
  Film
  
  Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the film industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects....
  .

• Southern blot
  Southern blot
  
  A Southern blot is a method routinely used in molecular biology to check for the presence of a DNA sequence in a DNA sample. Southern blotting combines agarose gel electrophoresis electrophoresis for size separation of DNA with methods to transfer the size-separated DNA to a filter membrane for probe hybridization....
   for DNA
  DNA
  
  Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetics instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses....
  
• Northern blot
  Northern blot
  
  The northern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression. It takes its name from its similarity to the Southern blot technique, named for biologist Edwin Southern....
   for RNA
  RNA
  
  Ribonucleic acid is a type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate....
  
• Western blot
  Western blot
  
  The western blot is an analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide or by the 3-D structure of the protein ....
   for protein
  Protein
  
  Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
  s
• Eastern blotting
  Eastern blotting
  
  Eastern blotting is a technique to detect post-translational modifications of proteins and is an extension of the biochemical technique of western blotting....
   for posttranslational modification
  Posttranslational modification
  
  Posttranslational modification is the chemistry modification of a protein after its translation . It is one of the later steps in protein biosynthesis for many proteins....
  
• Southwestern blot
  Southwestern blot
  
  Southwestern blotting, based along the lines of Southern blotting and first described by B. Bowen and colleagues in 1980, is a lab technique which involves identifying and characterizing DNA-binding proteins by their ability to bind to specific oligonucleotide probes....
  
• Dot blot
  Dot blot
  
  A Dot blot is a technique in molecular biology used to detect biomolecules. It represents a simplification of the northern blot, Southern blot, or western blot methods....
  
• Slot blot

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