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Biuret
 
 
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Biuret is a condensation compound of urea
Urea

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula 2carbonoxygen.Urea is also known by the International Nonproprietary Name carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization....
, equivalent to two molecules of urea less one of ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
. It is a white solid soluble in hot water and decomposes at 186–189 °C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
. The parent compound can be prepared by heating urea
Urea

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula 2carbonoxygen.Urea is also known by the International Nonproprietary Name carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization....
 above the melting point
Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes states of matter from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium....
 at which temperature ammonia is expelled.

2 CO(NH2)2 ? H2N-CO-NH-CO-NH2 + NH3 ?


The term biuret can also apply to the functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 and class of organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s with the general structure RHN-CO-NR-CO-NHR where R is an organic residue.






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Encyclopedia


Biuret is a condensation compound of urea
Urea

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula 2carbonoxygen.Urea is also known by the International Nonproprietary Name carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization....
, equivalent to two molecules of urea less one of ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
. It is a white solid soluble in hot water and decomposes at 186–189 °C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
. The parent compound can be prepared by heating urea
Urea

Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula 2carbonoxygen.Urea is also known by the International Nonproprietary Name carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization....
 above the melting point
Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes states of matter from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium....
 at which temperature ammonia is expelled.

2 CO(NH2)2 ? H2N-CO-NH-CO-NH2 + NH3 ?


The term biuret can also apply to the functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 and class of organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s with the general structure RHN-CO-NR-CO-NHR where R is an organic residue. Biurets can be prepared by trimerization
Trimer (chemistry)

In chemistry a trimer is a chemical reaction of three identical molecules. Trimers are typically encountered as cyclic trimers. Chemical compounds that very easily form trimers are aliphatic isocyanates and cyanic acids as an early intermediate in a polymerisation process, see also oligomers....
 of isocyanate
Isocyanate

Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms ?N=C=O , not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as ?O?C=N....
s. For example the trimer of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate
Hexamethylene diisocyanate

Hexamethylene diisocyanate is an organic compound in the class known as isocyanates. More specifically, it is an Aliphatic compound diisocyanate....
 is also known as HDI-biuret.

The biuret reagent
Biuret reagent

The Biuret reagent is made of potassium hydroxide and copper sulfate , together with potassium sodium tartrate . The blue reagent turns violet in the presence of proteins, and changes to pink when combined with short-chain polypeptides....
 is used in the biuret protein assay
Biuret test

The biuret test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of peptide bonds. In a positive test, a copper ion is reduction to copper, which forms a complex with the nitrogens and carbons of the peptide bonds in an alkaline solution....
, a chemical test
Chemical test

In chemistry, a chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative procedure designed to prove the existence of, or to quantify, a chemical compound or substituent with the aid of a specific reagent....
 for proteins not because the reagent contains biuret but because both biuret and proteins have the same response to copper
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
. However, the biuret test will also return a positive result in contact with polypeptides as it detects the peptide bonds.

The liquid form of biuret is usually blue but turns violet when it comes in contact with protein or a substance with peptide bonds.

Biuret is also used as a non-protein nitrogen
Non-protein nitrogen

Non-protein nitrogen is a term used in animal nutrition to refer collectively to components such as urea, biuret, and ammonia, which are not proteins but can be converted into proteins by microbia in the ruminant stomach....
 source in ruminant
Ruminant

Physiologically, a ruminant is a mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach, known as the rumen, then regurgitating the semi-digested mass, now known as cud, and chewing it again....
 feed, where it is converted into protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 by gut microbia. It is less favored than urea, due to its lower digestibility and higher cost, but is digested more slowly, decreasing the risk of ammonia toxicity.

See also

Related compounds:

  • Cyanuric acid
    Cyanuric acid

    Cyanuric acid or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol is a chemical compound with the chemical formula 3. Like many industrially useful chemicals, this triazine has many synonyms....