Biosatellite
Encyclopedia
A biosatellite is a satellite
Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....

 designed to carry life in space
Outer space
Outer space is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles: predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, and neutrinos....

. The first satellite with animal (dog) was Soviet Sputnik 2
Sputnik 2
Sputnik 2 , or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 ), was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on November 3, 1957, and the first to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika. Sputnik 2 was a 4-meter high cone-shaped capsule with a base diameter of 2 meters...

 at November 3, 1957. On August 20, 1960 Soviet Sputnik 5
Sputnik 5
Korabl-Sputnik 2 , also known as Sputnik 5 in the West, was a Soviet artificial satellite, and the third test flight of the Vostok spacecraft. It was the first spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth...

 first time recovered animals (dogs) from orbit to Earth.

The most famous biosatellites include:
  • Biosatellite
    Biosatellite (NASA)
    NASA launched three satellites named Biosatellite 1, 2 and 3 between 1966 and 1969.NASA's Biosatellite program was a series of three satellites to assess the effects of spaceflight, especially radiation and weightlessness, on living organisms...

     1, 2 and 3, launched by NASA
    NASA
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...

     between 1966 and 1969.
  • Bion
    Bion (satellite)
    The Bion satellites or Bion space program , also named Biocosmos, were a series of Soviet biosatellites. They were part of the Cosmos satellites....

     series of satellites
  • the Mars Gravity Biosatellite
    Mars Gravity Biosatellite
    The Mars Gravity Biosatellite was a project initiated in 2001 by the Mars Society and volunteer students and staff of MIT to build a spacecraft to study the effects of Mars-level gravity on mammals. On 24 June 2009, a status report was released declaring the end of this program, due to lack of...

  • Orbiting Frog Otolith
    Orbiting Frog Otolith
    The Orbiting Frog Otolith was a NASA space program which resulted in the successful launch in 1970 of the Orbiting Frog Otolith spacecraft , sending two bullfrogs into orbit for the study of weightlessness. The name, derived through common use, was a functional description of the biological...

    (OFO-A)
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