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Biological process

 

 
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Biological process
 
 
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A biological process is a process
Process (science)

In science, a process is every sequence of changes of a real object/body which is observable using scientific method. Therefore, all sciences analyze and model processes....
 of a living organism
Organism

In biology, an organism is any life thing . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimulus , reproduction, growth and developmental biology, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole....
. Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
s or other events that results in a transformation
Chemical transformation

In chemistry a chemical transformation shows the conversion of a substrate_ to a product omitting the reagents and catalysts or underlying reaction mechanism as opposed to a chemical reaction....
.

Regulation of biological processes occurs where any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression
Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which inheritable information from a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA....
, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

Biological processes are often regulated by genetics.






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A biological process is a process
Process (science)

In science, a process is every sequence of changes of a real object/body which is observable using scientific method. Therefore, all sciences analyze and model processes....
 of a living organism
Organism

In biology, an organism is any life thing . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimulus , reproduction, growth and developmental biology, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole....
. Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
s or other events that results in a transformation
Chemical transformation

In chemistry a chemical transformation shows the conversion of a substrate_ to a product omitting the reagents and catalysts or underlying reaction mechanism as opposed to a chemical reaction....
.

Regulation of biological processes occurs where any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression
Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which inheritable information from a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA....
, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

Biological processes are often regulated by genetics. In some cases, Mutation
Mutation

In biology, mutations are changes to the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or virus , or can be induced by the organism, itself, by cellular processes such as s...
 may lead to interruptions to a biological process. Virus
Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
es have a set of biological processes by which they reproduce.

Biological processes include:
  • Cell adhesion
    Cell adhesion

    Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to another cell or to a surface or extracellular matrix. Cellular adhesion is regulated by specific cell adhesion molecules that interact with other molecules....
    , The attachment of a cell
    Cell (biology)

    The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
    , either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix
    Extracellular matrix

    In biology, the extracellular matrix is the extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the animal Cell in addition to performing various other important functions....
    , via cell adhesion molecules.
  • Cell signaling
    Cell signaling

    Cell signaling is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis....
     or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix
    Extracellular matrix

    In biology, the extracellular matrix is the extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the animal Cell in addition to performing various other important functions....
    , or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
  • Morphogenesis
    Morphogenesis

    Morphogenesis , is the physical process that gives rise to the shape of an organism. It is one of three fundamental aspects of developmental biology along with the control of cell growth and cellular differentiation....
    , cell growth
    Cell growth

    The term cell growth is used in the contexts of Cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"....
     and cellular differentiation
    Cellular differentiation

    In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a single zygote to a complex system of Tissue and cell types....
  • Cell physiological process, the processes pertinent to the integrated function of a cell.
  • Cell recognition, the process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.
  • Physyological process, those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.
  • Pigmentation
    Biological pigment

    Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective Absorption ....
  • Reproduction
  • Digestion
    Digestion

    Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be Absorption, for instance, by a blood stream....
  • Response to stimulus, a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism
    Organism

    In biology, an organism is any life thing . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimulus , reproduction, growth and developmental biology, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole....
     (in terms of movement, secretion
    Secretion

    Secretion is the process of, elaborating and releasing Chemical compound from a cell , or a secreted chemical substance or amount of substance. In contrast to excretion, the substance may have a certain function, rather than being a waste product....
    , enzyme
    Enzyme

    Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
     production, gene expression
    Gene expression

    Gene expression is the process by which inheritable information from a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA....
    , etc.) as a result of a stimulus
    Stimulus

    Stimulus may refer to:*Stimulus , something external that influences an activity*Stimulus , a concept in behaviorism*Input to a system in other fields...
    .
  • Interaction between organisms. the processes by which an organism has an observable effect on another organism of the same or different species.
  • Also: fermentation
    Fermentation (biochemistry)

    Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the Redox of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an Endogeny electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound....
    , fertilisation
    Fertilisation

    Fertilisation , is the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo....
    , germination
    Germination

    Germination is the process whereby growth emerges from a period of dormancy. The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an flowering plant or gymnosperm....
    , tropism
    Tropism

    A tropism is a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus ....
    , hybridisation, metamorphosis
    Metamorphosis

    .Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically developmental biology after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure through cell cell growth#Cell reproduction and cell differentiation....
    , photosynthesis
    Photosynthesis

    File:Seawifs global biosphere.jpgPhotosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight....
    , transpiration
    Transpiration

    Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the aerial parts of plants, especially leaf but also Plant stems, flowers and roots. Leaf surfaces are dotted with openings called stoma that are bordered by guard cells....
    .


See also

  • Microbiological process
  • Human biological process
  • Chemical process
    Chemical process

    In a "Process " sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Such a chemical process can occur by itself or be caused by somebody....
  • Organic reaction
    Organic reaction

    Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and organic redox reaction....
  • Chemical transformation
    Chemical transformation

    In chemistry a chemical transformation shows the conversion of a substrate_ to a product omitting the reagents and catalysts or underlying reaction mechanism as opposed to a chemical reaction....