Binary acid
Encyclopedia
Binary acids are certain molecular compounds in which hydrogen
is combined with a second nonmetal
lic element
.
Examples:
Their strengths depend on the solvation of the initial acid, the H-X bond energy
, the electron affinity
energy of X, and the solvation energy of X. Observed trends in acidity correlate with bond energies, the weaker the H-X bond, the stronger the acid. For example, there is a weak bond between hydrogen and iodine
in hydroiodic acid, making it a very strong acid
.
Binary Acids are one of two classes of acids, the second being the oxoacid
s, which consist of a hydrogen, oxygen, and some other element.
The names of binary acids begin with hydro- followed by the name of the other element modified to end with -ic.
Some texts contrast two types of acids. 1. binary acids or hydracids and 2. oxoacids that contain oxygen.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...
is combined with a second nonmetal
Nonmetal
Nonmetal, or non-metal, is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal...
lic element
Chemical element
A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. Familiar examples of elements include carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead.As of November 2011, 118 elements...
.
Examples:
- HF
- HCl
- HBr
- HI
Their strengths depend on the solvation of the initial acid, the H-X bond energy
Bond energy
In chemistry, bond energy is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one Mole of molecules into their individual atoms. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into...
, the electron affinity
Electron affinity
The Electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion....
energy of X, and the solvation energy of X. Observed trends in acidity correlate with bond energies, the weaker the H-X bond, the stronger the acid. For example, there is a weak bond between hydrogen and iodine
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
in hydroiodic acid, making it a very strong acid
Strong acid
A strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton, according to the equationFor sulfuric acid which is diprotic, the "strong acid" designation refers only to dissociation of the first protonMore precisely, the acid must be stronger in aqueous solution than...
.
Binary Acids are one of two classes of acids, the second being the oxoacid
Oxoacid
An oxoacid is an acid that contains oxygen. To be more specific, it is an acid that:#contains oxygen#contains at least one other element#has at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen#forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons....
s, which consist of a hydrogen, oxygen, and some other element.
The names of binary acids begin with hydro- followed by the name of the other element modified to end with -ic.
Some texts contrast two types of acids. 1. binary acids or hydracids and 2. oxoacids that contain oxygen.