Biligtü Khan, born
Ayushiridara (Аюушридар Билигт хаан) (
temple nameTemple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
: 昭宗, Zhaozong; r. 1370-1378), was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in
MongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only 24 miles from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator,...
.
He was born to
Toghun Temür KhanEmperor Huizong of Yuan , also known as Ukhaantu Khan , born Toghun Temür , was a son of Kuśala to rule as Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire.. During the last years of his reign, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty...
and
Öljei KhutughuQi Empress was one of empresses of Toghun Temür Khan of the Yuan Dynasty and the mother of Ayushiridar....
Khatun. He became crown prince but it caused an internal strife between his supporters and opponents. An opposition leader Bolud Temür occupied the capital in 1364. Ayushiridara fled to
Köke TemürKöke Temür , or Wang Baobao was a Naiman or Uyghur general of the Yuan, later Northern Yuan, dynasty. His mother was the daughter of a Mongolian prince while his father was a man whose surname was Wang...
, a Mongol or
ChineseThe term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People who reside in and hold citizenship of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China . This definition stems from a legal perspective...
warlord.
Biligtü Khan, born
Ayushiridara (Аюушридар Билигт хаан) (
temple nameTemple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
: 昭宗, Zhaozong; r. 1370-1378), was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in
MongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only 24 miles from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator,...
.
He was born to
Toghun Temür KhanEmperor Huizong of Yuan , also known as Ukhaantu Khan , born Toghun Temür , was a son of Kuśala to rule as Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire.. During the last years of his reign, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty...
and
Öljei KhutughuQi Empress was one of empresses of Toghun Temür Khan of the Yuan Dynasty and the mother of Ayushiridar....
Khatun. He became crown prince but it caused an internal strife between his supporters and opponents. An opposition leader Bolud Temür occupied the capital in 1364. Ayushiridara fled to
Köke TemürKöke Temür , or Wang Baobao was a Naiman or Uyghur general of the Yuan, later Northern Yuan, dynasty. His mother was the daughter of a Mongolian prince while his father was a man whose surname was Wang...
, a Mongol or
ChineseThe term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People who reside in and hold citizenship of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China . This definition stems from a legal perspective...
warlord. Köke Temür overthrew Bolud Temür in the next year.
In 1368 the
Yuan DynastyThe Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was both the continuation of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol founded historical state in Mongolia and China, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he had his grandfather Genghis Khan placed on the...
was overthrown by the
Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history," was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
, and his father Toghun Temür Khan fled north to Shangdu from
Dadu- Places :* Beijing, China, known as Dadu or "Great capital" during the Yuan Dynasty.* Dadu District, a district in Sindh, Pakistan.* Dadu, Pakistan, a town in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan....
. In 1370 Toghun Temür died in Yingchang and Ayushiridara succeeded to the throne. Shortly after the succession, he fled to
KarakorumKarakorum was the capital of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, although for only about 30 years. Its ruins lie in the northwestern corner of the Övörkhangai Province of Mongolia, near today's town of Kharkhorin, and adjacent to the Erdene Zuu monastery...
and he changed the era name to Xuanguang (宣光, 1371-1378) there. He asked the assistance from the Yuan's former
vassalA vassal in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a monarch, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fief. By...
King
Gongmin of GoryeoKing Gongmin ruled Goryeo Dynasty Korea from 1351 until 1374.He was the second son of King Chungsuk. In addition to his various Korean names , he bore the Mongolian name Bayàn Temür .-Background:...
to fight against the Ming Dynasty of China. On the contrary, King Gongmin started in opposition policy to Mongol, and retook their lands, which was annexed by Yuan Dynasty in 1270s.
The remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, known as the Northern Yuan, still remained a powerful empire. In 1372 Köke Temür won a victory over Ming in northern Mongolia. The victory in 1372 was not overwhelming. Ming's central army won a series of victories to arrive at the north of Ulan Bator and was finally defeated due to extended supply line. Ming's west army won a series of overwhelming victories. Ming's east army won a series of victories, but suffered comparable damage of the Northern Yuan. Ayushiridara died in 1378 and
Tögüs TemürUskhal Khan, born Tögüs Temür , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. He used the era name Tianyuan ....
succeeded to the throne.