Beta
Encyclopedia
Beta
(B, β) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Beta or BETA may also refer to:
Beta
Beta is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Beta or BETA may also refer to:-Biology:*Beta , a genus of flowering plants, mostly referred to as beets*Beta, a rank in a community of social animals...
(B, β) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Beta or BETA may also refer to:
Biology
- Beta (plant)Beta (plant)Beta is a genus in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. The best known member is the common Beet, Beta vulgaris, but several other species are recognised...
, a genus of flowering plants, mostly referred to as beets - Beta, a rank in a community of social animals
- Beta-endorphinBeta-endorphinβ-endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system.The amino acid sequence is:...
, a kind of neurotransmitter - Beta carbon, in organic chemistry—the second carbon atom in a chain when counting from a functional group
- Beta cellBeta cellBeta cells are a type of cell in the pancreas located in the so-called islets of Langerhans. They make up 65-80% of the cells in the islets.-Function:...
, a type of cell in the pancreas, which produces insulin - Beta sheetBeta sheetThe β sheet is the second form of regular secondary structure in proteins, only somewhat less common than the alpha helix. Beta sheets consist of beta strands connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet...
, a secondary protein structure
Physics
- Beta (plasma physics)Beta (plasma physics)The beta of a plasma, symbolized by β, is the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure...
, the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure in plasma - Beta (velocity)Beta (velocity)β in special relativity is the speed of an object relative to the speed of light: β = v/c.β is dimensionless and equal to the velocity in natural units. Any expression which involves v, like the Lorentz factor, can be rewritten using β instead....
, the speed of an object relative to the speed of light - Beta function (physics), also β(g)—a function in quantum field theory
- Beta particleBeta particleBeta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40. The beta particles emitted are a form of ionizing radiation also known as beta rays. The production of beta particles is termed beta decay...
, a name used to refer to high-energy electrons (β−) or positrons (β+) emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei - β, a symbol for compressibility, a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change
- Thermodynamic beta, in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics—a numerical quantity related to the thermodynamic temperature of a system
- β, a symbol for Phase Constant, in electromagnetics and electrical engineering, used in the theory of plane waves
Psychology
- Beta movementBeta movementThe Beta movement is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912. Its illusion is that fixed images seem to move, even though of course the image does not change. It might be considered similar to the effects of animation...
, a perceptual illusion whereby two or more still images are combined by the brain into surmised motion - Type-beta, a personality type now commonly referred to as type-B (see Type A and Type B personality theory)
Electronics
- Beta, the common-emitter current gain of a bipolar junction transistor
Mathematics, Finance, and Statistics
- β, Beta (finance) a number describing the relation of its returns with that of the financial market as a whole.
- β, a symbol representing the probability of a type II errorType I and type II errorsIn statistical test theory the notion of statistical error is an integral part of hypothesis testing. The test requires an unambiguous statement of a null hypothesis, which usually corresponds to a default "state of nature", for example "this person is healthy", "this accused is not guilty" or...
in statistics - β-reduction, a reduction rule for lambda calculus
- Beta distribution, in statistics—a family of continuous probability distributions
- Euler's Beta function, a special function also known as the Euler integral of the first kind
- Dirichlet beta functionDirichlet beta functionIn mathematics, the Dirichlet beta function is a special function, closely related to the Riemann zeta function...
- Beta coefficient, also known as standardized coefficientStandardized coefficientIn statistics, standardized coefficients or beta coefficients are the estimates resulting from an analysis carried out on variables that have been standardized so that their variances are 1. Therefore, standardized coefficients refer to how many standard deviations a dependent variable will change,...
, in statistics—the estimate of an analysis performed on variables that have been standardized so that they have variances of 1 - Beta (Βῆτα), a nickname given to Greek mathematician EratosthenesEratosthenesEratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek mathematician, poet, athlete, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist.He was the first person to use the word "geography" and invented the discipline of geography as we understand it...
by his contemporaries.
Geography
- Beta River (Mureş)Beta River (Mures)The Beta River is a tributary of the Târnava Mare River, in Romania-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971-Maps:...
- Beta River (Olt)Beta River (Olt)The Beta River is a tributary of the Olt River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Beţa, a village in Lopadea NouăLopadea NouaLopadea Nouă is a commune located in Alba County, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Asinip , Băgău , Beţa , Cicârd , Ciuguzel , Lopadea Nouă, Ocnişoara and Odverem .The commune has a population of 3,001...
Commune, Alba CountyAlba CountyAlba is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, its capital city being Alba-Iulia with a population of 66,406.- Demographics :In 2002, it had a population of 382,747 and the population density was 61/km².* Romanians - 90.4%* Hungarians - 5.4%...
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... - Beta (Béta in HungarianHungarian languageHungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
), a village in MugeniMugeniMugeni is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.- Component villages :The commune is composed of eight villages:...
Commune, Harghita CountyHarghita CountyHarghita is a county in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea-Ciuc.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 326,222 and a population density of 52/km².*Hungarians- 85%...
, Romania
Media
- Beta Quadrant, one of four quadrants in the galaxy in Star Trek
- Beta HirogenHirogenThe Hirogen are a fictional race in the Star Trek universe, a long-running plot device in the Star Trek: Voyager television series, appearing nine times in Seasons 4-7....
, the second in command of a Hirogen hunting party, as seen in Star Trek: Voyager - BETA, an organization in the 1986 TV series The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers
- Beta (film)Beta (film)Beta is a 1992 Hindi movie directed by Indra Kumar. The film featured the pairing of Madhuri Dixit with Anil Kapoor in lead roles...
, a 1992 Bollywood film directed by Indra Kumar - BETA (Muv-Luv), an acronym for "Beings of the Extra Terrestrial origin which is Adversary of human race", an alien race from the video game series Muv-LuvMuv-Luvis a Japanese visual novel developed by âge, which was originally released as an adult game for the PC in February 28, 2003. Subsequent versions with the adult content removed were sold for the PC and Xbox 360...
- Beta Recordings, a record label
- Broadcasting and Entertainment Trades AllianceBroadcasting and Entertainment Trades AllianceThe Broadcasting and Entertainment Trades Alliance was a short-lived British entertainment trade union. It was founded in 1984 with the merger of the Association of Broadcasting Staff and the National Association of Theatrical Television and Kine Employees.The union appointed two General...
, sometimes known by the acronym "BETA"
Computing and technology
- Beta release, a phase in software development before the official release
- Beta, a term used for editor in the Fan fictionFan fictionFan fiction is a broadly-defined term for fan labor regarding stories about characters or settings written by fans of the original work, rather than by the original creator...
community - B3taB3taB3ta is a high-profile British website, described as a "puerile digital arts community" by The Guardian. It was founded in 2001 by Rob Manuel, Denise Wilton and Cal Henderson....
, a British humour webcommunity - Perpetual betaPerpetual betaPerpetual beta is the keeping of software or a system at the beta development stage for an extended or indefinite period of time. It is often used by developers when they continue to release new features that might not be fully tested. As a result, perpetual beta software is not recommended for...
, a term used to describe software or a system which never leaves the development stage of beta - BETABETABETA is a pure object-oriented language originating within the "Scandinavian School" in object-orientation where the first object-oriented language Simula was developed....
, a programming language - BetamaxBetamaxBetamax was a consumer-level analog videocassette magnetic tape recording format developed by Sony, released on May 10, 1975. The cassettes contain -wide videotape in a design similar to the earlier, professional wide, U-matic format...
, home videocassette tape recording format developed by Sony - BetacamBetacamBetacam is family of half-inch professional videocassette products developed by Sony in 1982. In colloquial use, "Betacam" singly is often used to refer to a Betacam camcorder, a Betacam tape, a Betacam video recorder or the format itself....
, a family of half-inch professional videotape products developed by Sony - South Texas Business Education & Technology AcademySouth Texas Business Education & Technology AcademySouth Texas Business, Education & Technology Academy, also known as 'BETA', is part of the South Texas Independent School District, in Edinburg, Texas, United States....
, sometimes known by the acronym "BETA"
Automotive
- Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)Beta is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer, specialising in off-road motorcycles. Beta are best known for their popular trials bikes. In 2005, they launched a range of enduro motorcycles using KTM engines. In the 2010 they will launch the new RR series, with a new engine made in-house...
, an Italian off-road motorcycles manufacturer - Lancia BetaLancia BetaThe Lancia Beta is a car produced by Lancia. It was the first new model introduced by Lancia after it had been taken over by Fiat in 1969.-Berlina:...
, a car produced by Lancia
Finance
- Beta (finance) a coefficient in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) that describes how sensitive the expected return of a stock (or portfolio) is to the market.
Miscellaneous
- Beta (Magic: The Gathering)Beta (Magic: The Gathering)Limited Edition Beta or just Beta for short was the second part, after revisions, of the first print run of the first Magic: The Gathering set. It was released only a few months after Limited Edition Alpha's publication to correct some minor problems in the rules and to make up for the fact that...
, the second (revised) part of the first set of the card game Magic: The Gathering - β (along with other Greek letters), a classification of strength in the EarthboundEarthBound (series)EarthBound, known in Japan as Mother, is a role-playing game series created by Shigesato Itoi for Nintendo. The series started in 1989 with the Japan-only release of Mother for the Famicom, and was then followed up by a sequel, released in North America as EarthBound for the Super NES in 1995, and...
, or Mother, series of Nintendo role-playing games - Beta (time signal)Beta (time signal)Beta is a time signal service in the VLF range in Russia, operated by the Russian navy. There are 6 transmitter stations, which take turns transmitting time signals and other communications....
, a time signal service broadcast in the very low frequency range in Russia - Beta (climbing)Beta (climbing)Beta is climbing jargon that designates information about a climb. In rock climbing this may include information about a climb's difficulty, crux, style, length, quality of rock, ease to protect, required equipment, and specific information about hand or foot holds...
, route guidance for rock climbers - Beta EthnikiBeta EthnikiFootball League, former Beta Ethniki, is the second highest professional football league in Greece.-History:In its first years, the system of conduct was very intriguing. It began in 1954 as regional championship, separated in two groups, North and South. Then, the participating teams were the...
, the second tier division of the Greek football (soccer) league - Hurricane Beta (2005)Hurricane Beta (2005)Hurricane Beta was a compact and intense tropical cyclone that impacted areas around the southwestern Caribbean Sea in late October 2005. Beta was the twenty-fourth tropical or subtropical storm, fourteenth hurricane, and seventh and final major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic...
, a 2005 hurricane - National Beta ClubNational Beta ClubThe National Beta Club is an organization for 5th-12th graders in the United States, recognizing academic achievement, leadership, character and service....
, a high school honor society - Beta quadra, one of the four quadras in socionics
- Beta (grape)Beta (grape)Beta is a winter-hardy variety of North American grape derived from a cross of the Vitis labrusca-based cultivar Concord and a selection of Vitis riparia, the wild riverbank grape, called Carver). It is an extremely cold-hardy grape that is self-fertile. This variety is grown successfully in...
, a variety of North American grape - Beta Utensili is an Italian factory of tools, based in SovicoSovicoSovico is a comune in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km northeast of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,329 and an area of 3.2 km²....
and worldwide known http://www.beta-tools.com - Beta IsraelBeta IsraelBeta Israel Israel, Ge'ez: ቤተ እስራኤል - Bēta 'Isrā'ēl, modern Bēte 'Isrā'ēl, EAE: "Betä Ǝsraʾel", "Community of Israel" also known as Ethiopian Jews , are the names of Jewish communities which lived in the area of Aksumite and Ethiopian Empires , nowadays divided between Amhara and Tigray...
, a name given to Jewish communities that occupied territories of the AksumiteAksumite EmpireThe Kingdom of Aksum or Axum, also known as the Aksumite Empire, was an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period ca. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD...
and EthiopianEthiopian EmpireThe Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...
(HabeshHabeshHabesh Eyalet was an Ottoman eyalet that bordered the Red Sea. It comprised Massawa, Hergigo, Suakin and their hinterlands. Later it would also incorporate Zeila and western Somaliland...
or Abyssinia) empires
See also
- BettaBettaBetta is a large genus of small, often colorful, freshwater ray-finned fishes in the gourami family . The type species is B. picta, the spotted betta.By far the best known Betta species, however, is B...
, a genus of fish, often misspelled “beta” - ßßIn the German alphabet, ß is a letter that originated as a ligature of ss or sz. Like double "s", it is pronounced as an , but in standard spelling, it is only used after long vowels and diphthongs, while ss is used after short vowels...
, a German letter that resembles β - AlphaAlphaAlpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Alpha or ALPHA may also refer to:-Science:*Alpha , the highest ranking individuals in a community of social animals...