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Berwick-upon-Tweed (borough)
Encyclopedia
Berwick-upon-Tweed was a local government district
and borough
in Northumberland
in the north-east of England
, on the border with Scotland
. The district had a resident population of 25,949 according to the 2001 census
, which also notes that it is the most ethnically homogeneous in the country, with 99.6% of the population recording themselves in the 2001 census as White. It is also the smallest district in England with borough status, and the third-least densely populated
local government district (after Eden
and Tynedale
).
Its main town is Berwick-upon-Tweed
, sited immediately to the north of the Tweed
estuary. The town is ancient, the scene of a number of battles; it has perhaps the best remaining example of a (almost completely intact) town wall, built for defensive purposes.
On the south of the estuary, the port of Tweedmouth is the point of export of diverse goods, but especially grain and roadstone. The remainder of the borough is rural, bordered to the west by the Cheviot Hills
, and to the east by a stunningly beautiful coastline.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the previous borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed
with Belford Rural District, Glendale Rural District and Norham and Islandshires Rural District
.
Berwick was the first district in Britain to hold a referendum
on whether to have a directly elected mayor. This rereferendum, on 7 June 2001, decided against an elected mayor.
The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England
effective from 1 April 2009 with responsibilities being transferred to Northumberland County Council
, a unitary authority
.
Non-metropolitan district
Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially shire districts, are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement...
and borough
Borough
A borough is an administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
in Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
in the north-east of England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, on the border with Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. The district had a resident population of 25,949 according to the 2001 census
United Kingdom Census 2001
A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK Census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194....
, which also notes that it is the most ethnically homogeneous in the country, with 99.6% of the population recording themselves in the 2001 census as White. It is also the smallest district in England with borough status, and the third-least densely populated
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
local government district (after Eden
Eden, Cumbria
Eden is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Penrith. It is named after the River Eden which flows north through the district toward Carlisle....
and Tynedale
Tynedale
Tynedale was a local government district in south-west Northumberland, England. It had a resident population of 58,808 according to the 2001 Census, and was named after the River Tyne . Its main towns were Hexham, Haltwhistle and Prudhoe...
).
Its main town is Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
, sited immediately to the north of the Tweed
River Tweed
The River Tweed, or Tweed Water, is long and flows primarily through the Borders region of Great Britain. It rises on Tweedsmuir at Tweed's Well near where the Clyde, draining northwest, and the Annan draining south also rise. "Annan, Tweed and Clyde rise oot the ae hillside" as the Border saying...
estuary. The town is ancient, the scene of a number of battles; it has perhaps the best remaining example of a (almost completely intact) town wall, built for defensive purposes.
On the south of the estuary, the port of Tweedmouth is the point of export of diverse goods, but especially grain and roadstone. The remainder of the borough is rural, bordered to the west by the Cheviot Hills
Cheviot Hills
The Cheviot Hills is a range of rolling hills straddling the England–Scotland border between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders.There is a broad split between the northern and the southern Cheviots...
, and to the east by a stunningly beautiful coastline.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the previous borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
with Belford Rural District, Glendale Rural District and Norham and Islandshires Rural District
Norham and Islandshires Rural District
Norham and Islandshires was a rural district in Northumberland, England from 1894 to 1974.The district was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Berwick rural sanitary district...
.
Berwick was the first district in Britain to hold a referendum
Referendums in the United Kingdom
Referendums are only occasionally held by the government of the United Kingdom. Eleven referendums have been held so far , the first in 1973; only two of these covered the whole UK...
on whether to have a directly elected mayor. This rereferendum, on 7 June 2001, decided against an elected mayor.
The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England
2009 structural changes to local government in England
Structural changes to local government in England were effected on 1 April 2009, whereby a number of new unitary authorities were created in parts of the country which previously operated a 'two-tier' system of counties and districts...
effective from 1 April 2009 with responsibilities being transferred to Northumberland County Council
Northumberland County Council
Northumberland County Council is a unitary authority in North East England. It was originally formed in 1889 as the council for the administrative county of Northumberland and reformed in 1974 to cover a the newly formed non-metropolitan county of Northumberland...
, a unitary authority
Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national...
.
Settlements and parishes
The borough contains the settlements and civil parishes of: (towns highlighted in bold)- Adderstone with LuckerAdderstone with LuckerAdderstone with Lucker is a civil parish in Northumberland, England. The parish includes the villages of Adderstone, Lucker, Warenford, Rosebrough, Newstead, Bellshill and Bradford, and has a population of 195.- External links :*...
, AkeldAkeldAkeld is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is situated to the west of Wooler, and has a population of 82. Its name is Anglo-Saxon Old English ac-helde, 'oak slope'....
, AncroftAncroftAncroft is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. Prior to 1844, Ancroft lay within the Islandshire exclave of County Durham. It is south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and has a population of 885.... - BamburghBamburghBamburgh is a large village and civil parish on the coast of Northumberland, England. It has a population of 454.It is notable for two reasons: the imposing Bamburgh Castle, overlooking the beach, seat of the former Kings of Northumbria, and at present owned by the Armstrong family ; and its...
, BeadnellBeadnellBeadnell is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is situated about south-east of Bamburgh, on the North Sea coast, and has a population of 528....
, BelfordBelford, NorthumberlandBelford is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England about halfway between Alnwick and Berwick-upon-Tweed, a few miles inland from the east coast and just off the Great North Road, the A1...
, Berwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-TweedBerwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....
, Bewick, BowsdenBowsdenBowsden is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is about to the south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, inland from the North Sea coast at Lindisfarne, and has a population of 157.-Landmarks:...
, BranxtonBranxton, NorthumberlandBranxton is a village and civil parish in northern Northumberland, England. It lies about from the England-Scotland border and about from the Scottish border town of Coldstream, just off the A697 Newcastle-Edinburgh road... - CarhamCarhamCarham is a village in Northumberland, England. The village lies on the south side of the River Tweed about west of Coldstream.- History :Near to Carham are the extensive remains of Early British camps and a bronze sword, now in the British Museum, discovered in the nearby Tweed.Carham on the...
, ChattonChattonChatton is a village in Northumberland, in England. It is situated approximately to the east of Wooler. The village has amenities which include a pub and village shop, and also has a number of historic artifacts, with cup and ring marks and a kettle stone.-External links:* *...
, ChillinghamChillingham, NorthumberlandChillingham is a village in Northumberland, in England. It is situated approximately to the east of Wooler, south of Chatton.Chillingham is famous for its castle , which is said to be haunted, and the Chillingham Cattle , a wild herd of roughly 50 individuals that are kept in an enclosure since...
, Cornhill-on-TweedCornhill-on-TweedCornhill-on-Tweed is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, in England about to the east of Coldstream.To the south and west of the village are the hamlets of West Learmouth and East Learmouth.- History :... - DoddingtonDoddington, NorthumberlandThe village and parish of Doddington is situated on the south side of the Milfield Plain, approximately 2 miles from the town of Wooler in the county of Northumberland. Notable buildings in Doddington include Doddington Hall, and the Anglican Church of St Mary and St Michael, which was built in the...
, DuddoDuddoDuddo is a village in Northumberland situated about south west of Berwick on Tweed.- Landmarks :The ruinous remains of Duddo Tower occupy a prominence to the south of the village.... - EarleEarle, NorthumberlandEarle is a village and civil parish in the Berwick-upon-Tweed district of Northumberland, England. It has around 20 inhabitants and is about from Wooler. It is a popular walking area with many walks passing through Earle on their way to the Cheviot Hills.- Governance :Earle is in the...
, Easington, EllinghamEllingham, NorthumberlandEllingham is a civil parish in Northumberland, England.- External links :*...
, Ewart - FordFord, NorthumberlandFord is a small village in Northumberland, England, about from Berwick-upon-Tweed. Ford shares a parish with Etal.- History Pre-1513 :Very little is known of the history of the area before the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, but Bronze Age rock carvings in the area suggest that there might...
- Holy IslandLindisfarneLindisfarne is a tidal island off the north-east coast of England. It is also known as Holy Island and constitutes a civil parish in Northumberland...
, HorncliffeHorncliffeHorncliffe is a village in the county of Northumberland, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Tweed about south west of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and about north east of Norham and is the most northerly village in England.- Governance :... - IldertonIlderton, NorthumberlandIlderton is a small village in Northumberland, England. It is located in the on the edge of the Northumberland National Park, between Lilburn, Northumberland in the east and Harehope Hill in the west....
, IngramIngram, NorthumberlandIngram is a small village in Northumberland, England. It is located in the Cheviots on the River Breamish, and on the edge of Northumberland National Park; it houses a National Park visitor centre.... - KilhamKilham, NorthumberlandKilham is a hamlet and civil parish in the English county of Northumberland, located west of Wooler, east of Kelso, south west of Berwick upon Tweed and north west of Morpeth. It lies on the northern edge of the Northumberland National Park in Glendale...
, KirknewtonKirknewton, NorthumberlandKirknewton is a Northumbrian village to the north of the county of Northumberland, about from the town of Wooler and roughly the same distance to the Scottish Borders...
, KyloeKyloeKyloe is a civil parish in the county of Northumberland, situated about south-east of Berwick-on-Tweed.The former church in Kyloe was built in the eighteenth century, replacing a medieval building, and is now a private house.... - LilburnLilburn, NorthumberlandLilburn is a small village in Northumberland, England. It is located in the on the edge of the Cheviots. The local farming estate is centred on Lilburn Tower.The area is noted for its large number of earthworks and remains of prehistoric settlements....
, LowickLowick, NorthumberlandLowick is a village in Northumberland, England. It appears in records as early as 1181 as Lowich, and in 1242 as Lowyc. The name derives from Old English meaning settlement on the River Low.-Landmarks:... - MiddletonMiddleton, NorthumberlandMiddleton is a civil parish in Northumberland, England. The parish is situated on the North Sea coast, south of the island of Lindisfarne, and contains the villages of Middleton, Ross, Detchant and Elwick; all are shrunken medieval villages. Both the A1 London to Edinburgh road and East Coast...
, MilfieldMilfieldMilfield is a village in Northumberland, England about northwest of Wooler. The A697 road passes through the village.- History :Milfield is the likely location of the Northumbrian royal settlement of Maelmin, given "mael" is a Brythonic word meaning "field"... - NorhamNorhamNorham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland.It is the site of the 12th century Norham Castle, and was for many years the centre for the Norhamshire exclave of County Durham...
, North SunderlandNorth SunderlandNorth Sunderland is a fishing village on the coast of Northumberland, England, and adjacent to Seahouses.- Governance : North Sunderland is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.-External links:* .... - OrdOrd, NorthumberlandOrd is a civil parish in Northumberland, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population 1,365. The parish is situated to the south-west of the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and includes the settlements of East Ord and Murton...
- RoddamRoddamRoddam is a village and a mandal in Anantapur district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. -Demographics:According to Indian census, 2001, the demographic details of Roddam mandal is as follows:* Total Population: 45,903 in 9,631 Households...
- Shoreswood
- Wooler, Wark on TweedWark on TweedWark on Tweed is a village in the English county of Northumberland. It lies about south west of Berwick-upon-Tweed...
External links
- Information On Berwick-upon-Tweed from VisitNorthumberland.com
- Statistics about the Berwick-upon-Tweed borough from the Office for National StatisticsOffice for National StatisticsThe Office for National Statistics is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.- Overview :...
Census 2001United Kingdom Census 2001A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK Census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194....