Bernay, Eure
Encyclopedia
Bernay is a commune
in the west of the Eure
department about fifty km from Évreux
in northern France
. The city is in the Pays d'Ouche
and the Lieuvin
. On its territory run the Charentonne
, a tributary of the Risle
and the Cosnier.
river comes to butt against a slope ("les Monts") and receives the Cosnier river that has an important flow.
Between 996 and 1008, the duke of Normandy
, Richard II
, offered this area in dowry to his wife, Judith of Brittany
, who built a Benedictine abbey at once. The monks organized the site by important hydraulic work: cleansing, mills, fisheries... and the construction of an abbey which remains a jewel of the Norman
Romanesque architecture
. To cover the expenses and to ensure their defense, they yielded a part of their property in 1048.
The commercial activity attested since 1198 takes its rise on the principal axis of the town. The industry of cloth is famous, the fairs are numerous (the "Foire Fleurie" at the time of Palm Sunday is memorable), because of the diversity and the abundance of the agricultural produce of the area. Besides Bernay holds a big market each Saturday. The veneration of "Notre-Dame de la Couture" as of 13th century, is the origin point of important pilgrimages which attract crowds from all Normandy; the diocesan Marian
pilgrimage still takes place each Whit Monday
.
During the 19th century, important installations of roadway system modernize the city, and the evolution of the industrial structure is directed towards the circumference of the city. This development will continue during last century, with the arrival of new industries and the considerable extension of Bernay on the slopes overhanging the traditional center, which has remained faithful to its origins.
During World War II
, the city escaped the Canadian bombardment in August 1944 thanks to a thick layer of cloud, thus preserving the historical center.
Cloppenburg
Jennings
Canal Winchester, Ohio
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the west of the Eure
Eure
Eure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.- History :Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
department about fifty km from Évreux
Évreux
Évreux is a commune in the Eure department, of which it is the capital, in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:In late Antiquity, the town, attested in the fourth century CE, was named Mediolanum Aulercorum, "the central town of the Aulerci", the Gallic tribe then inhabiting the area...
in northern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. The city is in the Pays d'Ouche
Pays d'Ouche
The Pays d'Ouche is an historical and geographical region in Normandy. It extends from the southwest of Évreux up to Bernay and Beaumont-le-Roger as a northern limit, and down to L'Aigle and to Gacé in the south....
and the Lieuvin
Lieuvin
The Lieuvin is a plateau region in the western part of the Eure département in Normandy.The plateau consists of typical Norman bocage and is bounded by the Seine estuary to the north, the Risle valley to the east, the Charentonne valley to the south and, in the west, the Pays d'Auge which...
. On its territory run the Charentonne
Charentonne
The Charentonne is a 63 km long river in Normandy, left tributary of the Risle. The river begins in pays d'Ouche , in the forest of Saint-Évroult, in the south of the Saint-Évroult-Notre-Dame-du-bois village and the ruins of the abbey where lived and died Orderic Vitalis .The river runs, in a...
, a tributary of the Risle
Risle
The Risle is a long river in Normandy, left tributary of the Seine.The river begins in Orne west of L'Aigle, crosses the western part of the department of Eure flowing from south to north and out into the estuary of the Seine on the left bank near Berville-sur-Mer...
and the Cosnier.
History
The etymological origin of Bernay indicates that it is a marshy place, which does not surprise since the CharentonneCharentonne
The Charentonne is a 63 km long river in Normandy, left tributary of the Risle. The river begins in pays d'Ouche , in the forest of Saint-Évroult, in the south of the Saint-Évroult-Notre-Dame-du-bois village and the ruins of the abbey where lived and died Orderic Vitalis .The river runs, in a...
river comes to butt against a slope ("les Monts") and receives the Cosnier river that has an important flow.
Between 996 and 1008, the duke of Normandy
Duke of Normandy
The Duke of Normandy is the title of the reigning monarch of the British Crown Dependancies of the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey. The title traces its roots to the Duchy of Normandy . Whether the reigning sovereign is a male or female, they are always titled as the "Duke of...
, Richard II
Richard II, Duke of Normandy
Richard II , called the Good , was the eldest son and heir of Richard I the Fearless and Gunnora.-Biography:...
, offered this area in dowry to his wife, Judith of Brittany
Judith of Brittany
Judith of Brittany was the daughter of Conan I, Duke of Brittany and Ermengarde of Anjou, and the mother of Robert the Magnificent.She was the first wife of Richard the Good, Duke of Normandy, whom she married in 996. They had six children:...
, who built a Benedictine abbey at once. The monks organized the site by important hydraulic work: cleansing, mills, fisheries... and the construction of an abbey which remains a jewel of the Norman
Norman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
. To cover the expenses and to ensure their defense, they yielded a part of their property in 1048.
The commercial activity attested since 1198 takes its rise on the principal axis of the town. The industry of cloth is famous, the fairs are numerous (the "Foire Fleurie" at the time of Palm Sunday is memorable), because of the diversity and the abundance of the agricultural produce of the area. Besides Bernay holds a big market each Saturday. The veneration of "Notre-Dame de la Couture" as of 13th century, is the origin point of important pilgrimages which attract crowds from all Normandy; the diocesan Marian
Marian
Marian may refer to:* Marian , people with the given name Marian* Maid Marian, companion of Robin Hood* Marian, an adjective for things relating to Gaius Marius...
pilgrimage still takes place each Whit Monday
Whit Monday
Whit Monday or Pentecost Monday is the holiday celebrated the day after Pentecost, a movable feast in the Christian calendar. It is movable because it is determined by the date of Easter....
.
During the 19th century, important installations of roadway system modernize the city, and the evolution of the industrial structure is directed towards the circumference of the city. This development will continue during last century, with the arrival of new industries and the considerable extension of Bernay on the slopes overhanging the traditional center, which has remained faithful to its origins.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the city escaped the Canadian bombardment in August 1944 thanks to a thick layer of cloud, thus preserving the historical center.
Population
International relations
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Cloppenburg
Cloppenburg
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Jennings
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Canal Winchester, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...