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The Bedouin, (from the Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
  , pl. badu), are predominantly Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
, desert-dwelling Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 nomadic pastoralist, or previously nomadic group, found throughout most of the desert belt extending from the Atlantic coast of the Sahara
Sahara

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert. At over 9,000,000 square kilometers , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as the United States or the continent of Europe....
 via the Western Desert
Western Desert (North Africa)

The Western Desert is a desert region encompassing 600,000km? of land to the west of the Nile in Egypt and Libya. In most of Upper Egypt, the desert encroaches very near the Nile, with a flood plain only a few kilometers wide....
, Sinai
Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, forming a land bridge between Africa and Southwest Asia....
, and Negev
Negev

The Negev is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The indigenous Negev Bedouin inhabitants of the region refer to the desert as al-Naqab ....
 to the Arabian Desert
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a vast desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers ....
. Non-Arab groups as well, notably the Beja
Beja people

The Beja are an ethnic group dwelling in parts of North Africa and the Horn of Africa....
 of the Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
n coast of the Red Sea
Red Sea

The Red Sea is a salt water inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden....
, are sometimes called Bedouin.

Bedouins were divided into related tribes.






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The Bedouin, (from the Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
  , pl. badu), are predominantly Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
, desert-dwelling Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 nomadic pastoralist, or previously nomadic group, found throughout most of the desert belt extending from the Atlantic coast of the Sahara
Sahara

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert. At over 9,000,000 square kilometers , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as the United States or the continent of Europe....
 via the Western Desert
Western Desert (North Africa)

The Western Desert is a desert region encompassing 600,000km? of land to the west of the Nile in Egypt and Libya. In most of Upper Egypt, the desert encroaches very near the Nile, with a flood plain only a few kilometers wide....
, Sinai
Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, forming a land bridge between Africa and Southwest Asia....
, and Negev
Negev

The Negev is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The indigenous Negev Bedouin inhabitants of the region refer to the desert as al-Naqab ....
 to the Arabian Desert
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a vast desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers ....
. Non-Arab groups as well, notably the Beja
Beja people

The Beja are an ethnic group dwelling in parts of North Africa and the Horn of Africa....
 of the Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
n coast of the Red Sea
Red Sea

The Red Sea is a salt water inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden....
, are sometimes called Bedouin.

Traditional Bedouin cultures

The Bedouins were divided into related tribes. These tribes were organized on several levels—a widely quoted Bedouin saying is
"I and my brothers against my cousins, I and my brothers and my cousins against the world."
The saying signifies a hierarchy of loyalties based on closeness of kinship that runs from the nuclear family through the lineage, the tribe, and even, in principle at least, to an entire ethnic or linguistic group (which is perceived to have a kinship basis). Disputes are settled, interests are pursued, and justice and order are maintained by means of this organizational framework, according to an ethic of self-help and collective responsibility *(Andersen 14). The individual family unit (known as a tent or bayt
Bayt

Bayt is the Arabic language and Hebrew language word for house, deriving from a common Semitic root that also gave rise to the name of the letter Bet ....
) typically consisted of three or four adults (a married couple plus siblings or parents) and any number of children.

When resources were plentiful, several tents would travel together as a goum. These groups were sometimes linked by patriarchical lineage but just as likely linked by marriage (new wives were especially likely to have male relatives join nealogies to take in new members).

The largest scale of tribal interactions is of course the tribe as a whole, led by a Sheikh (Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: , literally, "elder"). The tribe often claims descent from one common ancestor—as mentioned above, this appears patrilineal but in reality new groups could have genealogies invented to tie them in to this ancestor. The tribal level is the level that mediated between the Bedouin and the outside governments and organisations.

Bedouins traditionally had strong honor codes, and traditional systems of justice dispensation in Bedouin society typically revolved around such codes. The bisha'a
Bisha'a

Bisha'a or Bisha is a ritual practiced today by some Bedouin tribes of the Judean, Negev and Sinai deserts for the purpose of lie detection....
, or ordeal by fire, is a well-known Bedouin practice of lie detection
Lie detection

Lie detection is the practice of determining whether someone is lie. Activities of the bodynot easily controlled by the conscious mind are compared under different circumstances....
. See also: Honor codes of the Bedouin
Honor codes of the Bedouin

Sharaf and ird are Bedouin honor codes. Along with hospitality and courage, it is one of the Bedouin aspects of ethics that contain significant amounts of pre-Islamic Arabia....
, Bedouin systems of justice
Bedouin systems of justice

Legal systems of the world among the Bedouin are varied among the tribes. A number of these systems date from Pre-Islamic Arabia, and hence do not follow Sharia ....


Bedouins are well known for practicing folk music
Folk music

Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including:* Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous with the term "Traditional music", also often including World Music and Roots music; the term "Traditional music" was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the other definition...
, folk dance
Folk dance

File:Mugham Festival 2008.jpgFolk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances, mostly of European origin, that tend to share the following attributes:...
 and folk poetry
Ethnopoetics

Ethnopoetics is a poetic movement and subfield in linguistics, and anthropology. It was coined as a term by Jerome Rothenberg in collaboration with George Quasha in 1968, when Quasha asked Rothenberg to create a term using 'ethnos' and 'poetics' on the model of 'ethnomusicology' for inclusion in his Stony Brook Magazine, where Rothenberg...
. See also: Bedouin music
Bedouin music

Bedouin music is the music of nomadic Bedouin tribes of the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant. It is closely linked to its text. Songs are based on poetry and are sung either unaccompanied, or to the stringed instrument, the rebab....
, Ardha
Ardha

Ardha is a type of folkloric dance performed by the Bedouin tribes of the Arabian peninsula, especially the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. It was traditionally performed before going to war, but nowadays is performed at celebrations or cultural events, such as the Jenadriyah festival....
, Ghinnawa
Ghinnawa

Ghinnawas are short, two line emotional lyric poems written by the Bedouins of Egypt, in a fashion similar to haikus, but similar in content to the USA blues....
.

Bedouin Resting

Changing ways of life


Starting in the late 19th century, many Bedouins under British rule began to transition to semi-nomadism. In the 1950s as well as the 1960s, large numbers of Bedouin throughout the Middle East started to leave the traditional, nomadic life to settle in the cities of the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
, especially as hot ranges have shrunk and population levels have grown. In Syria, for example, the Bedouin way of life effectively ended during a severe drought from 1958 to 1961, which forced many Bedouin to give up herding for standard jobs. Similarly, government policies in Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
 and Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, oil production in Libya
Libya

Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
 and the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei...
, as well as a desire for improved standards of living, effectively led most Bedouin to become settled citizens of various nations, rather than stateless nomadic herders.

Government policies pressuring the Bedouin have in some cases been executed in an attempt to provide services (schools, health care, law enforcement and so on (see Chatty 1986 for examples), but in others have been based on the desire to seize land traditionally roved and controlled by the Bedouin.

The Bedouins in recent years have adopted the past-time of raising and breeding white doves, the reason for this has in some respect been attributed to the etymology of the word Bedouin; Be-douim (archaic Pheonicio-Arabic for be = "white" and douim = "dove".

Partial list of Bedouin tribes and populations

Bedouinnasserwadirum
There are a number of Bedouin tribes, but the total population is often difficult to determine, especially as many Bedouin have ceased to lead nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles (see above) and joined the general population. Below is a partial list of Bedouin tribes and their historic place of origin (the list does not include tribes of Negev Bedouins
Negev Bedouins

The Negev Bedouin are traditionally pastoral semi-nomadic Arab tribes indigenous to the Negev region in Israel, who hold close ties to the Bedouin of the Sinai Peninsula....
 (in Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
 and the Palestinian Territories
Palestinian territories

The Palestinian territories are composed of two discontiguous regions, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, whose final status has yet to be determined....
):
  • Al-Majali a tribe in South Jordan
  • Abbadi
    Abbadi

    Abbadi is the name of a Bedouin tribe in Jordan. People with this surname include:* Haidar al-Abbadi, Iraqi politician who is half-Lebanese* Danny Abbadi , American mixed martial arts fighter who was born in Jordan...
     a tribe found in Jordan.
  • al-Ajman from eastern Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
     and the Gulf States
  • alatwy a tribe (also known as Beni Ateyah), live in north-western part of Saudi Arabia, Tabuk province.
  • Al Bin Ali
    Al Bin Ali

    The Al Bin Ali is a Sea Bedouin Arab tribe based in the Persian Gulf states, especially Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a few residing in Abu Dhabi....
  • Al Buainain
    Al Buainain

    The Al Buainain tribe is an Arab bedouin tribe, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, especially in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Bahrain....
  • Al Bu Romaih
    Al Bu Romaih

    The Al Bu Romaih tribe is an Arab bedouin tribe, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. the trible primarily live in Qatar, still some live in bahrain, but they originate from Qatar.In Bahrain, the traditional home of the tribe has been the village of Jaww in the south eastern coast of Bahrain island....
  • Al-Matheel also spelt Mathil, a prominent Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
    i tribe based in the Damt region of Yemen, most have spread to the capital Sana'a
  • al-Awazem
    Al-Awazem

    The Awazem is a influential tribe in Kuwaiti politics. The tribe has an especially strong base in the first electoral district , where it forms about 14% of the voters, and the fifth electoral district , where it accounts for about 21% of voters....
    , mostly located in Kuwait, with a small section in north-eastern Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    .
  • Aniza, some Anizes are of Bedouin tribes that lives in northern Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , western Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    , the Gulf States, and the Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    n steppe.
  • Bani Hajer (AlHajri) large and powerful tribe in Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
     and the eastern Gulf States.
  • Bani Rasheed
    Bani Rasheed

    Bani Rasheed , also known as Rashaida, is one of the largest tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. It is an Adnani tribe . The great-grandfather of the Bani Rasheed is Rasheed alZaul of the Banu Abs tribe....
     Rashaida in Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , Kuwait
    Kuwait

    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
    , Egypt
    Egypt

    Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
    , Sudan
    Sudan

    Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
    , Eritrea
    Eritrea

    Eritrea , officially the Country of Eritrea, is a country in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast....
    , Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    , Gulf States
    Gulf states

    Gulf States can refer to:* Those states of the USA along the Gulf Coast of the United States: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida....
     and North Africa
    North Africa

    North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa.Geopolitically, the United Nations subregion of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories:...
    .
  • Bani Khalid
    Bani Khalid

    Bani Khalid is an Arab Tribes of Arabia of eastern and central Arabia. The tribe dominated the eastern region of modern-day Saudi Arabia from 1670 to 1793, and again under the auspices of the Ottoman Empire for a brief period in the early 19th century....
    , a large tribe spanning Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and other countries, said to be descendants of Mohammed's companion "Khaled ibn Al-Waleed".
  • Bani Truf
    Bani Truf

    The Bani Truf tribe lives in Ahwaz, in the south west of Iran and near the Iraq border. They are originally from Yemen and are part of Tayy tribe....
     in Ahwaz which is located in southwest of Iran near Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    i border.
  • Banu Yam
    Banu Yam

    Banu Yam are a large tribe native to Najran Province in Saudi Arabia, and are the principal tribe of that area. They belong to the Qahtanite branch of Arabian tribes, specifically the group known as Hamdan, and are therefore native to southwestern Arabia....
     centered in Najran Province
    Najran Province

    Najran is a provinces of Saudi Arabia of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country along the border with Yemen. It has an area of 119,000 km?....
    , Saudi Arabia.
  • Beni Sakhr in Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
     and Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    .
  • al-Da'ajah Bedouin of Balqawi Amman in Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
  • al-Duwasir, south of Riyadh
    Riyadh

    Riyadh is the Capital of Saudi Arabia and its largest city. It is also the capital of Riyadh Province, and belongs to the historical regions of Nejd and Al-Yamama....
    , and Kuwait
    Kuwait

    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
  • Ghamid, large tribe from Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia, mostly settled, but with a small Bedouin section known as Badiyat Ghamid.
  • Gil
    Gil

    Gil, or GIL may refer to:...
    , A people group of Morocco; about 41,000 people.
  • Harb, a large tribe, centered around Medina
    Medina

    Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
    , but also extending northwards towards Tabuk
    Tabuk

    Tabuk is the capital city of the Tabuk province in north western Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 441,351 ....
     and eastwards towards Al-Qassim.
  • Hareeb 100 Miles South of Marib in Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
  • Howeitat
    Howeitat

    The Howeitat or Huwaytat are a large Tribes of Arabia confederation of historic Transjordan, an area in present-day Jordan and Saudi Arabia....
     in Wadi Araba, and Wadi Rum
    Wadi Rum

    Wadi Rum is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southwest Jordan. It is the largest wadi in Jordan. The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic language root meaning 'high' or 'elevated'....
    , Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
  • Hajaya in al-Qatarneh, and al-Hasa
    Al-Hasa

    Al-Ahsa is the largest Governorates of Saudi Arabia in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, named after Al-Hasa. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf....
    , Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
  • Al Jalahma
    Al Jalahma

    The Al Jalahma are an Arab clan, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. It belongs to the Anizah tribe. After reaching Kuwait they entered under the umbrella of the Bani Utbah to which the Al Khalifa, the ruling family of Bahrain and the Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait have also entered in....
  • Juhayna
    Juhayna

    Juhayna is an Egyptian beverage and yoghurt giant. It was founded in 1983 and currently exports to the Persian Gulf, Europe and the United States....
    , a large tribe, many of its warriors were recruited as mercenaries during World War I
    World War I

    World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
     by Prince Faisal, surrounds the area of Mecca
    Mecca

    Mecca , also spelled Makkah , Makka is a city in Saudi Arabia. Home to the Masjid al-Haram, it is the holy city in Islam and plays an important role in the faith....
    , and extends to Southern Medina
    Medina

    Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
  • Khawalid in Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    , Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
    , and Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    .
  • Tuba-Zangariyye
    Tuba-Zangariyye

    Tuba-Zangariyye or Tuba az-Zanghariyya is an Arab citizens of Israel#Bedouin local council in the North District of Israel. It was formed by the merger of the two villages of Tuba and az-Zangariyye....
    , Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
     near Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
  • Al Mannai
    Al Mannai

    The Al Mannai tribe is an Arab bedouin tribe, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. In Bahrain, the traditional home of the tribe has been Galali village....
  • al-Mawasi
    Al-Mawasi

    Al-Mawasi is a Bedouin Palestinian town on the southern coast of the Gaza Strip, approximately one kilometer wide and fourteen kilometers long, that prior to Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in 2005 existed as a Palestinian enclave within the Gush Katif of Israeli settlements....
    , a group living on the central Gaza Strip
    Gaza Strip

    The Gaza Strip is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north....
     coast.
  • Dulaim
    Dulaim

    Dulaim or Dulaimi or Al Duliam or Dulaym is one of the largest of all Arab tribes, with over seven million people. The tribe's history goes back to pre-Islamic Arabia times and millions descend from the tribe today in Iraq and neighboring countries such as Syria and Jordan....
    , a large tribe in Al Anbar western Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    .
  • al-Massaed tribe found in Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    .
  • al-Murrah in Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
  • Al Muhannadi
    Al Muhannadi

    The Al Muhannadi tribe is an Arab bedouin tribe, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, especially in Qatar. It is also know as Al Muhanida ....
  • Murad
    Murad

    Murad may refer to:In Ottoman nobility:* Murad I, ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389* Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451...
    , a tribe living 150 miles south-east of the capital of Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
    .
  • Mutair, estimated at about 1,200,000 members; live in the Nejd plateau, many families from the Mutair tribe live in the Gulf States, especially Kuwait
    Kuwait

    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
    .
  • Muzziena in Dahab
    Dahab

    Dahab is a small town situated on the southeast coast of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Formerly a Bedouin fishing village, located approximately 80 km northeast of Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab is still considered to be one of the Sinai's most treasured diving destinations....
     and South Sinai.
  • Al Nuaim
    Al Nuaim

    The Al Nuaim tribe is an Arab bedouin tribe, based primarily in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The tribe is the ruling family in Ajman. In Bahrain, the traditional home of the tribe has been Halat Nuaim island....
  • al-Rashaydah, a large international tribe, originally centered around Medina
    Medina

    Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad....
    , Saudi Arabia and Kuwait but also extending in Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    , Egypt
    Egypt

    Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
    , Eritrea
    Eritrea

    Eritrea , officially the Country of Eritrea, is a country in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast....
    , Sudan
    Sudan

    Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
    , Libya
    Libya

    Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
     and Mali
    Mali

    Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....
    , see also Bani Rasheed
    Bani Rasheed

    Bani Rasheed , also known as Rashaida, is one of the largest tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. It is an Adnani tribe . The great-grandfather of the Bani Rasheed is Rasheed alZaul of the Banu Abs tribe....
  • Rwala, a large clan from the Aniza tribe, live in Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , but extend through Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
     into Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
     and Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    , in the 1970s, according to Lancaster, there were 250,000-500,000 Rwala
  • Al-Hadid
    Al-Hadid

    Surat Al-?adid is the 57th sura of the Qur'an, with 29 ayat....
     Large Bedouin tribe found in Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    , Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
     and Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    . Now mostly are settled in cities such as Haditha in Iraq, Homs & Hama in Syria, and Amman Jordan. Yet tribal law still exists within their families as their Sheikh still governs the tribe. Sheikh Barjas Al-Hadid now leads the tribe in Jordan and previously Sheikh Raslan Al-Hadid in Syria.
  • Shammar
    Shammar

    The tribe of Shammar is one of the largest tribes of Arabia, with over 1 million strong in Saudi Arabia concentrated in Hail, an estimated 1.5 Million in Iraq, Kuwaiti population centered in Aljahra is around 100,000, Palestinian population that was not displaced by war is the house of Abu Ghousa , Syrian, Jordanian, and Egyptian population...
     in Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , central, and western Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    .
  • Subay'
    Subay'

    Subay are a Sunni Muslim tribe of central Saudi Arabia. The tribe is of North Arabian stock, and traces its lineage to the large, ancient tribe of Banu 'Amir, also known as 'Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, who came to dominate Nejd in the medieval period....
    , central Nejd, and Kuwait
    Kuwait

    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
  • Swellat,A Large Bedouin tribe, found in Lebanon and Syria,originally from Palestine(Haifa).
  • Ubeidah, 150 miles west of the capital of Yemen
    Yemen

    Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
  • Utaybah large tribe in western and central Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    .
  • Yahia, a group from Morocco
    Morocco

    Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
     of about 96,000 people.
  • Zaab, a small tribe, live with the Al-Ajman, in eastern Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    .
  • Zahran, large tribe from Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    .
  • Riyalat, a strong family now based in Salt
    Salt, Jordan

    Salt is an ancient agricultural town and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway leading from Amman to Jerusalem....
    , Jordan
    Jordan

    Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
    , possibly originating from the Hejaz
    Hejaz

    al-Hejaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined mostly by the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan....
     (now Saudi Arabia
    Saudi Arabia

    The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
    , part of the Eenize tribe.
  • Makki tribes from banu Abdul Qays they live in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman.


Further reading

  • Alush, Zvi. YNet 05.02.06
  • Andersen, Roy R., Robert F. Seibert, Jon G. Wagner.Politics and Change in the Middle East: Sources of Conflict and Accommodation. Eighth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007.
  • Brous, Devorah. International Perspectives on Indigenous Education. (Ben Gurion University 2004)
  • Chatty, D Mobile Pastoralists 1996. Broad introduction to the topic, specific focus on women's issues.
  • Chatty, Dawn. From Camel to Truck. The Bedouin in the Modern World. New York: Vantage Press. 1986
  • Cole, Donald P. "Where have the Bedouin gone?". Anthropological Quarterly. Washington: Spring 2003.Vol.76, Iss. 2; pg. 235
  • Falah, Ghazi. “Israeli State Policy Towards Bedouin Sedentarization in the Negev,” Journal of Palestine Studies, 1989 Vol. XVIII, No. 2, pp. 71-91
  • Falah, Ghazi. “The Spatial Pattern of Bedouin Sedentarization in Israel,” GeoJournal, 1985 Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 361-368.
  • Gardner, Ann. "At Home in South Sinai." Nomadic Peoples 2000.Vol.4,Iss. 2; pp. 48-67. Detailed account of Bedouin women.
  • Lancaster, William. The Rwala Bedouin Today 1981 (Second Edition 1997). Detailed examination of social structures.
  • S. Leder/B. Streck (ed.): Shifts and Drifts in Nomad-Sedentary Relations. Nomaden und Sesshafte 2 (Wiesbaden 2005)
  • Lithwick, Harvey. "An Urban Development Strategy for the Negev’s Bedouin Community;" Center for Bedouin Studies and Development and Negev Center for Regional Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, August 2000
  • Manski, Rebecca. News From Within, Vol. XXIV, No. 13, April 2006
  • Manski, Rebecca. News From Within, Vol. XXII, No. 11, December 2006
  • Manski, Rebecca. News From Within Vol. XXII No.8 October/November 2006
  • Mohsen, Safia K. The quest for order among Awlad Ali of the Western Desert of Egypt.
  • Thesiger, Wilfred
    Wilfred Thesiger

    Sir Wilfred Patrick Thesiger, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Service Order, was a United Kingdom Exploration and travel literature born in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia....
     (1959). Arabian Sands. ISBN 0-14-009514-4 (Penguin paperback). British adventurer lives as and with the Bedu of the Empty Quarter
    Empty Quarter

    File:Empty quarter Arabia.PNGFile:Rub al Khali 002.JPGFile:Rub al Khali 001.JPGFile:Rub' al Khali sand dunes imaged by Terra .jpgThe Rub' al Khali , which translates as Empty Quarter in English language, is one of the largest sand deserts in the world, encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula, including sout...
     for 5 years


External links

  • a seven-minute documentary about Bedouin girls.
  • Stories of unrecognized villages, by Tal Adler
  • Jewish organizing against the Blueprint Negev
    Blueprint Negev

    Blueprint Negev is a $600 million project of the Jewish National Fund to develop the Negev region of Israel through the construction of new settlements for immigrants and Israelis from the center of the country....
  • Negev Bedouin and Jewish environmental justice organization