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Beaux-Arts architecture denotes the academic neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture

Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism that began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Baroque architecture....
 architectural style
Architectural style

Architectural styles classify architecture in terms of form, wikt:technique, materials, time period, region, etc. It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and history of architecture....
 that was taught at the École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts

?cole des Beaux-Arts refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the ?cole Nationale Sup?rieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the Rive Gauche in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, in the 6?me arrondissement, Paris....
 in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. The style "Beaux Arts" is above all the cumulative product of two and a half centuries of instruction under the authority, first of the Académie royale d'architecture, then, following the Revolution, of the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The organization under the Ancien Régime
Ancien Régime

Ancien R?gime refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology, and politics system established in France under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties ....
 of the competition for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture, offering a chance to study in Rome, imprinted its codes and esthetic on the course of instruction, which culminated during the Second Empire
Second French Empire

The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the French Second Republic and the French Third Republic, in France....
 (1850-1870) and the Third Republic
French Third Republic

The French Third Republic was the political regime of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy France. It was a republican parliamentary democracy that was created on 4 September 1870 following the collapse of the Empire of Napoleon III of France in the Franco-Prussian War....
 that followed.






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Beaux-Arts architecture denotes the academic neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture

Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism that began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Baroque architecture....
 architectural style
Architectural style

Architectural styles classify architecture in terms of form, wikt:technique, materials, time period, region, etc. It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and history of architecture....
 that was taught at the École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts

?cole des Beaux-Arts refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the ?cole Nationale Sup?rieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the Rive Gauche in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, in the 6?me arrondissement, Paris....
 in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. The style "Beaux Arts" is above all the cumulative product of two and a half centuries of instruction under the authority, first of the Académie royale d'architecture, then, following the Revolution, of the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The organization under the Ancien Régime
Ancien Régime

Ancien R?gime refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology, and politics system established in France under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties ....
 of the competition for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture, offering a chance to study in Rome, imprinted its codes and esthetic on the course of instruction, which culminated during the Second Empire
Second French Empire

The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the French Second Republic and the French Third Republic, in France....
 (1850-1870) and the Third Republic
French Third Republic

The French Third Republic was the political regime of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy France. It was a republican parliamentary democracy that was created on 4 September 1870 following the collapse of the Empire of Napoleon III of France in the Franco-Prussian War....
 that followed. The style of instruction that produced Beaux-Arts architecture continued without a major renovation until 1968.

The Beaux-Arts style heavily influenced US architecture in the period 1885–1920. Other European architects of the period 1860–1914 tended to gravitate towards their own national academic centers rather than fixating on Paris. British architects of Imperial classicism, in a development culminating in Sir Edwin Lutyens
Edwin Lutyens

Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, Order of Merit , Order of the Indian Empire, Royal Academy, Royal Institute of British Architects, LLD was a leading 20th century British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era....
's New Delhi
New Delhi

New Delhi is the capital city of India. With a total area of 42.7 km2, New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and serves as the seat of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi ....
 government buildings, followed a somewhat more independent course, owing to the cultural politics of the late 19th century. (opened 1875) is a cornerpiece of Beaux Arts architecture characterized by Émile Zola
Émile Zola

?mile Fran?ois Zola was an influential France writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of Naturalism , an important contributor to the development of Naturalism , and a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus....
 as "the opulent bastard of all styles".]]

Training

The Beaux-Arts training emphasized the mainstream examples of Imperial Roman architecture between Augustus and the Severan emperors, Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe....
 and French and Italian Baroque
Baroque architecture

Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state....
 models especially, but the training could then be applied to a broader range of models: Quattrocento Florentine palace fronts or French late Gothic. American architects of the Beaux-Arts generation often returned to Greek models, which had a strong local history in the American Greek Revival of the early 19th century. For the first time, repertories of photographs supplemented meticulous scale drawings and on-site renderings of details.
Sfoperahouse
Beaux-Arts architecture depended on sculptural decoration along conservative modern lines, employing French and Italian Baroque and Rococo
Rococo

Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings....
 formulas combined with an impressionistic finish and realism. In the facade below, Diana grasps the cornice she sits on in a natural action that is typical of Beaux-Arts integration of sculpture with architecture. Slightly overscaled details, bold scuptural supporting consoles, rich deep cornices, swags and sculptural enrichments in the most bravura finish the client could afford gave employment to several generations of architectural modellers and carvers of Italian and Central European backgrounds. A sense of appropriate idiom at the craftsman level supported the design teams of the first truly modern architectural offices. Some aspects of Beaux-Arts approach could degenerate into mannerisms. Beaux-Arts training made great use of agrafes, clasps that links one architectural detail to another; to interpenetration of forms, a Baroque habit; to "speaking architecture" (architecture parlante
Architecture parlante

The phrase architecture parlante refers to the concept of buildings that explain their own function or identity.The phrase was originally associated with Claude Nicolas Ledoux, and was extended to other Paris-trained architects of the French revolution period, ?tienne-Louis Boull?e, and Jean-Jacques Lequeu....
) in which supposed appropriateness of symbolism could be taken to literal minded extremes.
Dianaandpomona
Beaux-Arts training emphasized the production of quick conceptual sketches, highly-finished perspective presentation drawings, close attention to the program
Brief (architecture)

An architectural brief is, in its broadest sense, a requirement a client may have that an architect designs to meet, usually by creating a building to accommodate the requirement....
, and knowledgeable detailing. Site considerations tended towards social and urbane contexts.

Characteristics


Though Beaux-Arts style embodies an approach to a regenerated spirit within the grand traditions rather than a set of motifs, the principal characteristics of Beaux-Arts architecture may be summarized:
Sfcityhallexteriorkeystone
*Symmetry
  • Hierarchy of spaces, from "noble spaces"—grand entrances and staircases— to utilitarian ones
  • Integration of architecture with sculpture (bas-relief panels, figural sculptures, sculptural groups), murals, mosaics, and other artwork, all coordinated themed to assert the identity of the building
  • Precision in design and execution of a profusion of architectural details: balustrades, pilasters, garlands
    Garland (decoration)

    A garland is a decorative wreath or cord, used at festive occasions, which can be hung round a person's neck, or on inanimate objects like Christmas trees....
    , cartouch, with a prominent display of richly detailed clasps (agrafes) brackets and supporting consoles
  • More or less explicit references to a synthesis of historicist styles and a tendency to eclecticism
    Eclecticism

    Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases....
    . An architect was expected to work fluently in a number of "manners", following the requirements of the client and the architectural program
    Brief (architecture)

    An architectural brief is, in its broadest sense, a requirement a client may have that an architect designs to meet, usually by creating a building to accommodate the requirement....
    .
  • Subtle use of polychromy


At the eve of World War I, the style began to find major competitors among the architects of Modernism
Modern architecture

Modern architecture is a set of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of Ornament ....
 and the nascent International Style (architecture)
International style (architecture)

The International style was a major architectural style of the 1920s and 1930s. The term usually refers to the buildings and architects of the formative decades of Modernism, before World War II....
. The prestige of the École gave the style "Beaux-Arts" a second wind in compromising the new manner with the traditional training. All architects-in-training passed through the obligatory stages, studying antique models, constructing analos, analyses reproducing Greek or Roman models, "pocket" studies and other conventional steps in the long competition for the few desirable places at the Académie de France à Rome (housed in the Villa Medici
Villa Medici

The Villa Medici is an architectural complex centred on the villa whose gardens are contiguous with the larger Borghese gardens, on the Pincian Hill next to Trinit? dei Monti in Rome....
) with traditional requirements of sending at intervals the presentation drawings called envois de Rome.

Beaux-Arts in France

Pont Alexandre Iii

Parisian buildings in the Beaux-Arts style

  • École des Beaux-Arts
    École des Beaux-Arts

    ?cole des Beaux-Arts refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the ?cole Nationale Sup?rieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the Rive Gauche in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, in the 6?me arrondissement, Paris....
  • LeFuel wings of the Louvre
    Louvre

    The Louvre Museum , located in Paris, is a historic monument, and a national museum of France. It is a central landmark, located on the Rive Droite of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement of Paris ....
  • Opéra Garnier.
  • Palais du Trocadéro
    Trocadero

    The stylish connotations of the name "Trocadero" derive from the Battle of Trocadero in southern Spain, a citadel held by liberal Spanish forces that was taken by the French troops sent by Charles X, in 1823....
    .
  • Gare d'Orsay
    Gare d'Orsay

    Gare d'Orsay is a former Parisian railway station and hotel, built in 1900 to designs by Victor Laloux, Lucien Magne and ?mile B?nard; it served as a terminus for the Chemin de Fer de Paris ? Orl?ans ....
    .
  • Grand Palais
    Grand Palais

    The Grand Palais is a large glass exhibition hall that was built for the Exposition Universelle . It is located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris of Paris, France....
    , Petit Palais
    Petit Palais

    The Petit Palais is a museum in Paris, France. Built for the Exposition Universelle in 1900 to Charles Girault's designs, it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts ....
     and the Pont Alexandre III
    Pont Alexandre III

    Pont Alexandre III is an arch bridge that spans the Seine, connecting the Champs-?lys?es quarter and the Les Invalides and Eiffel Tower quarter, widely regarded as the most ornate, extravagant bridge in Paris ....
    .
  • Palais de Chaillot.


Beaux-Arts in the United States

The first American architect to attend the École des Beaux-Arts was Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt

Richard Morris Hunt was a well-known American architect of the nineteenth century and a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture....
, followed by Charles Follen McKim
Charles Follen McKim

Charles Follen McKim was one of the most prominent American Beaux-Arts architecture architects of the late nineteenth century. He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, August 24, 1847....
. They were followed by an entire generation. Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson

Henry Hobson Richardson was a prominent United States architect of the 19th century whose work left a significant impact on Boston, Pittsburgh, Albany, New York and Chicago, among others....
 absorbed Beaux-Arts lessons in massing and spatial planning, then applied them to Romanesque
Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which evolved into the Gothic architecture style beginning in the 12th century....
 architectural models that were not characteristic of the Beaux-Arts repertory. His Beaux-Arts training taught him to transcend slavish copying and recreate in the essential, fully digested and idiomatic manner of his models. Richardson evolved a highly personal style (Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque

File:Trinity_Church,_Boston,_Massachusetts_-_front_oblique_view.JPGRichardsonian Romanesque is a architectural style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston ....
) freed of historicism that was influential in early Modernism
Modernism

Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
.

The "White City" of the World's Columbian Exposition
World's Columbian Exposition

The World's Columbian Exposition , a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World....
 of 1893 in Chicago was a triumph of the movement and a major impetus for the short-lived City Beautiful movement in the United States. Beaux-Arts city planning, with its Baroque insistence on vistas punctuated by symmetry, eye-catching monuments, axial avenues, uniform cornice heights, a harmonious "ensemble" and a somewhat theatrical nobility and accessible charm, embraced ideals that the ensuing Modernist movement decried or just dismissed. The first US university to institute a Beaux-Arts curriculum was MIT in 1893, when the French architect, Constant-Désiré Despradelles
Constant-Désiré Despradelles

Constant-D?sir? Despradelle was a French-born professor of architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who, through his teaching, influenced a generation of Beaux-Arts style architects and helped to popularize this style throughout North America....
 was brought to MIT to teach. Subsequently the Beaux-Arts curriculum was begun at Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
, The University of Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. From 1916, the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design

The Beaux-Arts Institute of Design was an art and architectural school at 304 East 44th Street in the Turtle Bay, Manhattan area of Manhattan, New York City, New York, founded in 1916 with the goal of training American architects, sculptors and mural painters consistent with the educational agenda of the French Ecole des Beaux-Arts....
 in New York City schooled architects, painters, and sculptors to work as active collaborators.

The best known architectural firm specializing in Beaux-Arts style was McKim, Mead, and White
McKim, Mead, and White

McKim, Mead, and White was a prominent architect in the eastern United States at the turn of the twentieth century. The firm consisted of Charles Follen McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White....
 Among universities designed in the Beaux-Arts style there are, most notably: Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
, (commissioned in 1896), designed by McKim, Mead, and White
McKim, Mead, and White

McKim, Mead, and White was a prominent architect in the eastern United States at the turn of the twentieth century. The firm consisted of Charles Follen McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White....
; the University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley is a public university research university located in Berkeley, California, California, United States. The oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley offers some 300 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines....
 (commissioned in 1898), designed by John Galen Howard
John Galen Howard

John Galen Howard was an United States architect.He is best known for his work as the supervising architect of the University of California, Berkeley#Campus architecture and architects for the University of California, Berkeley campus, and for founding the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design....
; the campus of MIT (commissioned in 1913), designed by William W. Bosworth
William W. Bosworth

William Welles Bosworth was an United States architect whose most famous designs include Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Architecture of MIT, the AT&T Building in New York City, and the Theodore N....
, and the University of Texas (commissioned in 1931), designed by Paul Philippe Cret
Paul Philippe Cret

Paul Philippe Cret was a French-American architect and industrial designer....
.

Though Beaux-Arts architecture of the twentieth century might on its surface appear out of touch with the modern age, steel-frame construction and other modern innovations in engineering techniques and materials were often embraced, as in the 1914–1916 construction of the Carolands Chateau
Carolands

The Carolands Chateau is a 68,000 square foot  mansion in Hillsborough, California. Its 75 foot -high atrium holds the record as the largest enclosed space in an American private residence....
 south of San Francisco (which was built with a consciousness of the devastating 1906 earthquake). The noted Spanish structural engineer, Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908), famous for his vaultings, known as Guastavino tile
Guastavino tile

Guastavino tile is the "Tile Arch System" patented in the US in 1885 by Valencian architect and builder Rafael Guastavino . It is a technique for constructing robust, self-supporting arches and Vault using interlocking terracotta tiles and layers of mortar to form a thin skin, with the tiles following the curve of the roof as oppo...
 work, designed vaults in dozens of Beaux-Arts buildings in the Boston, New York and elsewhere. Beaux-Arts architecture also brought a civic face to the railroad. (Chicago
Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
's Union Station
Union Station (Chicago)

Union Station is a Chicago train station that opened in 1925, replacing an earlier 1881 station, and is now the only intercity rail terminal in Chicago....
 and Detroit
Detroit, Michigan

Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Wayne County, Michigan. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwestern United States of the United States....
's Michigan Central Station
Michigan Central Station

Michigan Central Station , built in 1913 for the Michigan Central Railroad, was Detroit, Michigan, Michigan, passenger rail depot from its opening in 1913, when the previous Michigan Central Station burned, until the last Amtrak train pulled away from the station on January 6, 1988....
 are famous American examples of this style.) Two of the best American examples of the Beaux-Arts tradition stand within a few blocks of each other: Grand Central Terminal
Grand Central Terminal

Grand Central Terminal ? often popularly called Grand Central Station or simply Grand Central ? is a Train station#Terminus at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City....
 and the New York Public Library
New York Public Library

The New York Public Library is one of the leading Public library of the world and is one of the United States's most significant research libraries....
.

American architects working in the Beaux-Arts style


The following individuals were seminal in the assimilation of the Beaux-Arts style in the United States:

  • Clarence Howard Blackall
  • William W. Bosworth
    William W. Bosworth

    William Welles Bosworth was an United States architect whose most famous designs include Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Architecture of MIT, the AT&T Building in New York City, and the Theodore N....
  • Arthur Brown Jr
    Arthur Brown Jr

    Arthur Brown, Jr. was an American architect, based in San Francisco. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1896, where he and his future partner, John Bakewell, Jr, were prot?g?s of famed Bay Area architect Bernard Maybeck....
  • Daniel Burnham
    Daniel Burnham

    Daniel Hudson Burnham, FAIA was an American architect and urban planner. He was the Director of Works for the World's Columbian Exposition and designed several famous buildings, including the Flatiron Building in New York City and Union Station in Washington D.C....
  • Carrère and Hastings
    Carrère and Hastings

    Carr?re and Hastings, the firm of John Merven Carr?re and Thomas Hastings , located in New York City, was one of the outstanding Beaux-Arts architecture list of architecture firms in the United States....
  • Paul Philippe Cret
    Paul Philippe Cret

    Paul Philippe Cret was a French-American architect and industrial designer....
  • Cass Gilbert
    Cass Gilbert

    Cass Gilbert was a pioneering American architect. An early proponent of skyscrapers in works like the Woolworth Building, Gilbert was also responsible for numerous museums and libraries , state capitol buildings as well as public architectural icons like the United States Supreme Court building....
  • Thomas Hastings
    Thomas Hastings (architect)

    Thomas Hastings was an American architect. He was born in New York City to Thomas Samuel Hastings, a Presbyterianism minister, and Fanny de Groot....
  • Raymond Hood
    Raymond Hood

    Raymond M. Hood was an early-mid twentieth century architect who worked in the Art Deco style. He was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, educated at Brown University, MIT, and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris....
  • Henry Hornbostel
    Henry Hornbostel

    Henry Hornbostel was an United States architect.He designed more than 225 buildings, bridges, and monuments in the United States; currently 22 are listed on the National Register of Historic Places....
  • Richard Morris Hunt
    Richard Morris Hunt

    Richard Morris Hunt was a well-known American architect of the nineteenth century and a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture....
  • Charles Klauder
    Charles Klauder

    Charles Zeller Klauder was an United States architect best known for his work on university buildings and campus designs, especially his Cathedral of Learning, the first educational skyscraper....
  • William Rutherford Mead
    William Rutherford Mead

    William Rutherford Mead was an United States engineer, a part of the McKim, Mead, and White firm.He was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. His sister, Elinor, later married novelist William Dean Howells, and his younger brother Larkin Goldsmith Mead became a sculptor....
  • Julia Morgan
    Julia Morgan

    Julia Morgan was an United States architect. The architect of over 700 buildings in California, she is best known for her work on Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California....
  • Charles Follen McKim
    Charles Follen McKim

    Charles Follen McKim was one of the most prominent American Beaux-Arts architecture architects of the late nineteenth century. He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, August 24, 1847....
  • Henry Orth
    Henry Orth

    Harold William Orth was an American architect.Born on a ship en route to the United States from Christiana Norway on April 14, 1866, his exact date of arrival to the U.S....
  • John Russell Pope
    John Russell Pope

    John Russell Pope was an architecture most known for his designs of the Jefferson Memorial and the West Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC....
  • Henry Hobson Richardson
    Henry Hobson Richardson

    Henry Hobson Richardson was a prominent United States architect of the 19th century whose work left a significant impact on Boston, Pittsburgh, Albany, New York and Chicago, among others....
  • Horace Trumbauer
    Horace Trumbauer

    Image:Whitemarsh Hall.jpg[Image:Philadephia Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Philadelphia Museum of Art . This was a collaboration between Trumbauer's firm and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary.]]...
  • Enoch Hill Turnock
    Enoch Hill Turnock

    Enock Hill Turnock was an American architect, originally from England....
  • Stanford White
    Stanford White

    Stanford White was an United States architect and partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and White, the frontrunner among Beaux-Arts architecture firms....


Beaux-Arts in Canada

Beaux-Arts was very prominent in public buildings in Canada in the early 20th Century. Notably all three prairie provinces' legislative buildings are in this style.

Canadian architecture in the Beaux-Arts style

  • The NHL sponsored Hockey Hall of Fame
    Hockey Hall of Fame

    The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey of ice hockey, it is both a museum and a hall of fame....
     (formerly a branch of the Bank of Montreal
    Bank of Montreal

    The Bank of Montreal is the fifth Big Five banks bank in Canada by deposits. However, Wikipedia also cites the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce to also be the fourth largest by deposits....
    ), Toronto (1885)
  • London and Lancashire Life Building, Montreal
    London and Lancashire Life Building, Montreal

    The London and Lancashire Life Building was built in 1898 by architect Edward Maxwell for the London and Lancashire Life Association of Scotland.....
     (1898)
  • Old Montreal Stock Exchange Building (1903)
  • Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto (1906)
  • Government Conference Centre
    Government Conference Centre

    The Government Conference Centre is a government building in downtown Ottawa, Canada located at 2 Rideau Street. It is situated at the intersection of Wellington Street, Ottawa and the Rideau Canal, just a short distance from the Parliament Hill and across the street from the Ch?teau Laurier hotel....
    , Ottawa (originally a railway station by Ross and Macdonald
    Ross and Macdonald

    Ross and Macdonald was one of Canada's most notable architecture firms in the early 20th century. Based in Montreal, Quebec, the firm originally operated as a partnership between George Allen Ross and David MacFarlane from 1907 to 1912....
    , 1912)
  • Saskatchewan Legislative Building
    Saskatchewan Legislative Building

    The Saskatchewan Legislative Building is located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada, and serves as the seat of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan....
    , Regina (1912)
  • Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
    Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

    The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts is a major museum in Montreal, Canada. It was founded in 1860, making it Canada's oldest art institution. It is the city's largest museum and is amongst the most prominents in Canada....
    , 1912
  • Alberta Legislative Building
    Alberta Legislative Building

    The Alberta Legislature Building is located in Edmonton, Alberta, and serves as the seat of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta....
    , Edmonton (1913)
  • Manitoba Legislative Building
    Manitoba Legislative Building

    The Manitoba Legislative Building is the meeting place of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, in central Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It was originally named the Manitoba Parliament Building, not Legislative....
    , Winnipeg, (1920)
  • Commemorative Arch, Royal Military College of Canada
    Royal Military College of Canada

    The Royal Military College of Canada , is the military academy of the Canadian Forces, and is a degree-granting university. RMC is the only federal institution in Canada with degree granting powers....
    , in Kingston, Ontario
    Kingston, Ontario

    Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St. Lawrence River and the Thousand Islands begin....
     (1923)
  • Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa (1923-24)
  • Union Station
    Union Station (Toronto)

    Union Station is the major inter-city rail station and a major commuter rail hub in Toronto.The station is located on Front Street and occupies the south side of the block bounded by Bay Street and York Street in the central business district....
    , Toronto (1913-27)
  • Canada Life Building
    Canada Life Building

    The Canada Life Building is an historic office building in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The fifteen-floor Beaux-Arts architecture building was built by Henry Sproatt and stands at 285 feet , 321 feet with weather beacon)....
    , Toronto (1931)
  • Sun Life Building
    Sun Life Building

    The Sun Life Building is a historic office building on Dorchester Square in downtown Montreal, Canada....
    , Montreal (1913-1931)


Canadian architects working in the Beaux-Arts style

Government Conference Centre
* William Sutherland Maxwell
William Sutherland Maxwell

William Sutherland Maxwell is a well-known Canada architect and a Hand of the Cause in the Bah?'? Faith. He was born in Montreal, Canada to parents Edward John Maxwell and Johan MacBean....
  • John M. Lyle
    John M. Lyle

    John M. Lyle was a Canadian architect in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century Toronto.Lyle was born in Connor, County Antrim, County Antrim, Ireland on November 13, 1872....
  • Ross and Macdonald
    Ross and Macdonald

    Ross and Macdonald was one of Canada's most notable architecture firms in the early 20th century. Based in Montreal, Quebec, the firm originally operated as a partnership between George Allen Ross and David MacFarlane from 1907 to 1912....


Beaux Arts in Australia

Both Sydney
Sydney

Sydney is the List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million . It is the List of Australian capital cities of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British Empire colony in Australia....
 and Melbourne
Melbourne

Melbourne is the more common name for the geographic region and Census in Australia of the Greater Melbourne metropolitan area. It is the second List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a population of approximately 3.8 million and serves as the List of Australian capital cities of Victoria ....
 have some significant examples of the style, where it was typically applied to large solid looking public office buildings and banks during the 1920s.
  • National Theatre, Melbourne
    National Theatre, Melbourne

    The National Theatre is a 783 seat Australian theatre and theatrical arts school located in the Melbourne bayside suburb of St Kilda, Victoria, on the corner of Barkly and Carlisle Streets....
     (1920)
  • GPO building, Forrest Place, Perth (1923)
  • Argus Building. LaTrobe Street, Melbourne (1927)
  • Commonwealth Bank, Martin Place, Sydney (1928)
  • Westpac Bank Building, Elizabeth Street, Brisbane (1928)
  • Port Authority building, Melbourne (1928)
  • Former Mail Exchange Building, Melbourne
  • Herald Weekly Times Building. Flinders Street, Melbourne
  • Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth (1933)


External links



Further reading

  • Reed, Henry Hope
    Henry Hope Reed

    Henry Hope Reed was an United States educator. He was considered the star of the faculty at University of Pennsylvania and was an early champion of poet William Wordsworth....
     and Edmund V. Gillon Jr. 1988. Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York: A Photographic Guide (Dover Publications: Mineola NY)


  • United States. Commission of Fine Arts. 1978, 1988 (2 vols). Sixteenth Street Architecture (The Commission of Fine Arts: Washington, D.C. : The Commission) - profiles of Beaux-Arts architecture in Washington D.C. SuDoc FA 1.2: AR 2.