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Battle of Anegawa
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The 1570 came as a reaction to Oda Nobunaga's sieges of the castles of Odani and Yokoyama, which belonged to the Azai and Asakura clans. It was also referred to as the Battle of Nomura (???? Nomura Kassen) by the Oda and Azai clans and the Battle of Mitamura (????? Mitamura Kassen) by the Asakura clan.
As warriors sallied forth from the castles, the battle turned into a melee fought in the middle of the shallow river.
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The 1570 came as a reaction to Oda Nobunaga's sieges of the castles of Odani and Yokoyama, which belonged to the Azai and Asakura clans. It was also referred to as the Battle of Nomura (???? Nomura Kassen) by the Oda and Azai clans and the Battle of Mitamura (????? Mitamura Kassen) by the Asakura clan.
As warriors sallied forth from the castles, the battle turned into a melee fought in the middle of the shallow river. For a time, Nobunaga's forces fought the Azai, while the Tokugawa warriors fought the Asakura a short distance upstream.
After the Tokugawa forces finished off the Asakura, they turned and hit the Azai right flank. Inaba Ittetsu, who had been held in reserve, then came forward and hit the Azai left flank. Many of the besiegers of Yokoyama even left their task to aid in the battle. The Azai and Asakura forces were soon defeated.
It is perhaps interesting to note that Nobunaga used 500 arquebusiers in this battle. He was famous for his strategic use of firearms but would find himself on the opposite end of skilled arquebus tactics in his siege of Ishiyama Honganji that year.
Meanwhile, no reliable source exists to reconstruct the battle. The battle of Anegawa is vividly presented in the books compiled in the middle or the end of the Edo period. Many of the stories are pure fiction. The only valuable source is the Shinchokoki, describing it very briefly without any notes concerning tactics or details of the battle.
The exact number of the casualties in this battle is unknown. However, the Shinchokoki mentions 1,100 Samurais from Asakura clan being killed in battle. An army of this period had at least several times more non-samurai Ashigarus than the samurais, so it would be reasonable to assume at least several thousand men were killed.
According to A.L. Sadler in The Life of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu there were 3,170 heads collected by the Oda camp. A good portion were taken by Mikawa men, the Tokugawa force. The Mikawa Fudoki gives a a very real picture of the battle: The retainers fighting in groups and the decapitation of soldiers in the confused mingling of armies among the clouds of smoke and dust.
In popular culture
The battle has been featured in both games of the Samurai Warriors series. However, because Azai Nagamasa was made playable in Samurai Warriors 2, as opposed to the first game where he was a unique non-playable character, the battle had a larger significance.
The story of the build-up to the battle and the brilliant tactics used by Tokugawa Ieyasu is retold in Volume 12 of the Dark Horse Comics's series "Path of the Assassin," titled "The Three Foot Battle." In this narrative, Hattori Hanzo consults with Takenaka Shigeharu and thus is provided with the superior tactics.
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