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Bathonian



 
 
In the geologic timescale the Bathonian epoch is a stage during the Middle Jurassic
Middle Jurassic

The Middle Jurassic, called the Dogger in the European system of classification, is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period . It lasted from 176-161 million years ago....
, of the Mesozoic
Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is one of three Geologic time scale of the Phanerozoic eon . The division of time into eras dates back to Giovanni Arduino, in the 18th century, although his original name for the era now called the 'Mesozoic' was 'Secondary' ....
 era of the Phanerozoic
Phanerozoic

The Phanerozoic Eon is the current eon in the geologic timescale, and the one during which abundant animal life has existed. It covers roughly 545 million years and goes back to the time when diverse hard-shelled animals first appeared....
 eon. It lasted from approximately 167.7 Ma
Annum

Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages: the accusative case Grammatical number of the second declension grammatical gender noun annus , anni ....
 to around 164.7 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian age succeeds the Bajocian
Bajocian

In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an geologic time scale of the Middle Jurassic geologic epoch of the Jurassic geologic period of the Mesozoic geologic era of the Phanerozoic geologic eon....
 age and precedes the Callovian
Callovian

The Callovian is a stage on the geologic time scale occurring 164.7 ? 4.0 annum to 161.2 ? 4.0 Ma .It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic....
 age.

The stage takes its name from Bath, a spa town
Spa town

A spa town, or simply spa, is a town frequented mainly for health reasons, to "take the waters". The word comes from the Belgium town Spa, Belgium....
 in England built on Jurassic limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
.

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Ankylosaurs of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

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Crocodylomorphs of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images


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Ornithopods of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images







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Sauropods
Sauropoda

Sauropoda , or the sauropods , are an Order or clade of saurischian dinosaurs. They notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes many of the largest animals to have ever lived on land....
 of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images


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Stegosaurs of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images



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theropods
Theropoda

Theropods are a group of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs. Although they were primarily carnivorous, a number of theropod families evolved herbivore during the Cretaceous Period ....
 of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images


ers of the order ammonitda are known as Ammonitic ammonites.






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Encyclopedia


In the geologic timescale the Bathonian epoch is a stage during the Middle Jurassic
Middle Jurassic

The Middle Jurassic, called the Dogger in the European system of classification, is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period . It lasted from 176-161 million years ago....
, of the Mesozoic
Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is one of three Geologic time scale of the Phanerozoic eon . The division of time into eras dates back to Giovanni Arduino, in the 18th century, although his original name for the era now called the 'Mesozoic' was 'Secondary' ....
 era of the Phanerozoic
Phanerozoic

The Phanerozoic Eon is the current eon in the geologic timescale, and the one during which abundant animal life has existed. It covers roughly 545 million years and goes back to the time when diverse hard-shelled animals first appeared....
 eon. It lasted from approximately 167.7 Ma
Annum

Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages: the accusative case Grammatical number of the second declension grammatical gender noun annus , anni ....
 to around 164.7 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian age succeeds the Bajocian
Bajocian

In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an geologic time scale of the Middle Jurassic geologic epoch of the Jurassic geologic period of the Mesozoic geologic era of the Phanerozoic geologic eon....
 age and precedes the Callovian
Callovian

The Callovian is a stage on the geologic time scale occurring 164.7 ? 4.0 annum to 161.2 ? 4.0 Ma .It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic....
 age.

The stage takes its name from Bath, a spa town
Spa town

A spa town, or simply spa, is a town frequented mainly for health reasons, to "take the waters". The word comes from the Belgium town Spa, Belgium....
 in England built on Jurassic limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
.

Vertebrate Fauna


Ankylosaurs

Ankylosaurs of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
  • Tianchisaurus
    Tianchisaurus

    Tianchisaurus is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur from the middle Jurassic Period of China. If it actually belongs to the family Ankylosauridae as proposed by Dong Zhiming, it would be the earliest member of that family....
  • Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima
   A Chinese ankylosaur which lacked a club at the end of its tail. Its species epithet honors the main actors of Jurassic Park
Jurassic Park

Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel written by Michael Crichton. Often considered a cautionary tale on unconsidered biological tinkering in the same spirit as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, it uses the mathematical concept of chaos theory and its philosophical implications to explain the collapse of an amusement park showcasin...
.
 

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the Bathonian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
  • Metriorhynchus
    Metriorhynchus

    Metriorhynchus is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliformes that lived in the oceans during the Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic. Metriorhynchus was named by the Germans palaeontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1830....
   An opportunistic carnivore
Carnivore

A carnivore , meaning 'meat eater' , is any animal with a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from animals living or dead .In a more general sense, an animal may be considered a carnivore if it prefers feeding on animal matter over plant matter....
 that fed on fish
Fish

A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
, belemnites and other marine animals and possible carrion. Metriorhynchus grew to an average adult length of 3 meters (9.6 ft), although some individuals may have reached lengths rivaling those of large nile crocodile
Nile crocodile

The Nile crocodile is an African reptile of the Family Crocodylidae....
s.
  • Steneosaurus
    Steneosaurus

    Steneosaurus is an extinct genus of Teleosauridae crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous . Fossil specimens have been found in England, France, Germany, Switzerland and Morocco....
  •    
  • Teleosaurus
    Teleosaurus

    Teleosaurus was an extinct genus of Teleosauridae crocodyliform that lived during the Middle Jurassic. It was approximately 3 metres in length....
  •    
  • Teleidosaurus
    Teleidosaurus

    Teleidosaurus was the most plesiomorphic genus of marine crocodyliform within Metriorhynchidae, and is known from the Bajocian and Bathonian of the Middle Jurassic....
  •    The most plesiomorphic known metriorhynchid.


    Ornithopods

    Ornithopods of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Agilisaurus
      Agilisaurus

      Agilisaurus is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period of what is now eastern Asia. The name is derived from the Latin agilis meaning 'agile' and the Ancient Greek sauros meaning 'lizard', and refers to the agility suggested by its lightweight skeleton and long legs....
    • Agilisaurus louderbacki
       A four foot long bipedal herbivore that was built for speed. It was discovered in one of China's many Callovian deposits.


    • Hexinlusaurus
      Hexinlusaurus

      Hexinlusaurus is a genus of basal ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The holotype , consists of an almost complete, articulated skull and some postcranial material, collected from a terrestrial sandstone within the Lower Shaximiao Formation at the famous dinosaur-bearing quarries at Dashanpu....
    • Hexinlusaurus multidens
    Bathonian to Callovian
    Callovian

    The Callovian is a stage on the geologic time scale occurring 164.7 ? 4.0 annum to 161.2 ? 4.0 Ma .It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic....
    Lower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan, China A small ornithischian dinosaur distinguished from all other basal ornithischians by a single autapomorphy, the presence of a marked concavity that extends over the lateral surface of the postorbital.


    • Xiaosaurus
      Xiaosaurus

      Xiaosaurus , is a nomen dubium genus of small herbivore dinosaur of the Bathonian age . Xiaosaurus lived in the Sichuan Basin of China. It is known only from teeth and a few isolated bones, remains too fragmentary to accurately classify the genus....
    • Xiaosaurus dashanpensis
      A poorly known Chinese ornithschian that may be related to Hypsilophodon
    Hypsilophodon

    Hypsilophodon is an ornithopod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous Period of Europe. It was a small bipedal animal with an herbivore or possibly omnivore diet....
     and Lesothosaurus
    Lesothosaurus

    Lesothosaurus is a member of the herbivore clade of dinosaurs, the Ornithischia. It was named by paleontologist Peter M. Galton in 1978, the name meaning "lizard from Lesotho"....
    . It was small and vegetarian.


    • Yandusaurus
      Yandusaurus

      Yandusaurus is a genus of hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Bathonian age of People's Republic of China.A fast-moving biped, Yandusaurus had four toes on each foot and five fingers on each hand....
    • Yandusaurus hongheensis
      Dashanpu Formation
    Dashanpu Formation

    The Dashanpu Formation is a Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic rock formation in China, most notable for the wealth of dinosaurs that have been excavated from the area....
    , Sichuan, China

    Sauropods

    Sauropods
    Sauropoda

    Sauropoda , or the sauropods , are an Order or clade of saurischian dinosaurs. They notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes many of the largest animals to have ever lived on land....
     of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Abrosaurus
      Abrosaurus

      Abrosaurus is a genus of macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period of what is now Asia, one of many dinosaurs found at the Dashanpu Formation in the Sichuan Province of China....
       Abrosaurus was a small (30 foot adult length) sauropod from China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
     with an unusual skull.
    Abrosaurus Head
  • Atlasaurus
    Atlasaurus

    Atlasaurus was a moderately large genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic beds in North Africa....
  •    A sauropod named after the mountains where the mythological figure that held the world on his shoulders, it attained lengths of 15 meters (50 ft) and lived in Morocco
    Morocco

    Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
    .
  • Cardiodon
    Cardiodon

    Cardiodon was a genus of sauropod dinosaur, based on a tooth from the Bathonian-age Middle Jurassic Forest Marble Formation of Wiltshire, England....
  •    A poorly known English sauropod with heart shaped teeth.
  • Shunosaurus
    Shunosaurus

    Shunosaurus, meaning "Shu Lizard", is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic beds in Sichuan Province in China, 170 million years ago....
  •   Lower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan, China A 10 metres long, fairly short-necked sauropod with a short deep skull, with fairly robust spatulate teeth. Its tail ended in a club, probably used for fending off enemies.


    Stegosauria

    Stegosaurs of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Huayangosaurus
      Huayangosaurus

      Huayangosaurus is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The name derives from "Huayang", an alternate name for Sichuan , and "saurus", meaning "lizard"....
    Bathonian to Callovian
    Callovian

    The Callovian is a stage on the geologic time scale occurring 164.7 ? 4.0 annum to 161.2 ? 4.0 Ma .It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic....
    Lower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan, China A 4.5 meters in length quadrupedal herbivore with a small skull and a spiked tail. Bore the distinctive double row of plates, rising vertically along its arched back, of all the stegosaurians and two pairs of long spikes extending horizontally near the end of its tail


    Thalattosuchians


    Thalattosuchians of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Metriorhynchus
      Metriorhynchus

      Metriorhynchus is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliformes that lived in the oceans during the Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic. Metriorhynchus was named by the Germans palaeontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1830....
       An opportunistic carnivore
    Carnivore

    A carnivore , meaning 'meat eater' , is any animal with a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from animals living or dead .In a more general sense, an animal may be considered a carnivore if it prefers feeding on animal matter over plant matter....
     that fed on fish
    Fish

    A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
    , belemnites and other marine animals and possible carrion. Metriorhynchus grew to an average adult length of 3 meters (9.6 feet), although some individuals may have reached lengths rivaling those of large nile crocodile
    Nile crocodile

    The Nile crocodile is an African reptile of the Family Crocodylidae....
    s.
  • Teleidosaurus
    Teleidosaurus

    Teleidosaurus was the most plesiomorphic genus of marine crocodyliform within Metriorhynchidae, and is known from the Bajocian and Bathonian of the Middle Jurassic....
  •    The most plesiomorphic known metriorhynchid.


    Theropods

    theropods
    Theropoda

    Theropods are a group of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs. Although they were primarily carnivorous, a number of theropod families evolved herbivore during the Cretaceous Period ....
     of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Gasosaurus
      Gasosaurus

      Gasosaurus was a tetanuran dinosaur discovered in Dashanpu, China. The scientific name, meaning "Gas Lizard", honours the gasoline company that found the Dashanpu fossil quarry in Sichuan Province, now named as the Lower Shaximiao Formation....
       An 11-13 foot predator from China
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
     whose discovery was assisted by the petroleum
    Petroleum

    Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
     industry.
    Megalosaurus Dinosaur
  • Iliosuchus
    Iliosuchus

    Iliosuchus was a European dinosaur of the Bathonian . It was approximately 1.5 m in length.The only fossil record is two ilium from Stonesfield Slate, Oxfordshire, England....
  •   Tyrannosaurus
    Tyrannosaurus

    Tyrannosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur. The famous species Tyrannosaurus rex , commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture around the world....
    .
  • Megalosaurus
    Megalosaurus

    Megalosaurus is a genus of large meat-eating theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic Period of Europe . It is significant as the first genus of dinosaur to be described and named....
  •   Megalosaurus was a carnivore which prowled Jurassic
    Jurassic

    The Jurassic is a geologic period that extends from about annum to  Ma, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous....
     England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
    .
  • Szechuanoraptor
    Szechuanoraptor

    "Szechuanoraptor" is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic . It was a theropod which lived in what is now People's Republic of China....
  •    A Chinese
    China

    China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
     theropod that has yet to be formally described.


    Invertebrate Fauna


    Ammonitida

    Members of the order ammonitda are known as Ammonitic ammonites. They are distinguished primarily by their suture
    Suture (anatomical)

    In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an animal, without significant overlap.Sutures are found in a wide range of animals, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, from the Cambrian period to the present day....
     lines. In ammonitic suture patterns, the lobes and saddles are much subdivided (fluted) and subdivisions are usually rounded instead of saw-toothed. Ammonoids of this type are the most important species from a biostratigraphical point of view. This suture type is characteristic of Jurassic
    Jurassic

    The Jurassic is a geologic period that extends from about annum to  Ma, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous....
     and Cretaceous
    Cretaceous

    The Cretaceous , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide, is a geologic period from circa to million years ago . In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows on the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period....
     ammonoids but extends back all the way to the Permian
    Permian

    The PermianThe term "Permian" was introduced into geology in 1841 by Sir Roderick Murchison, president of the Geological Society of London, who identified typical strata in extensive Russian explorations undertaken with Edouard de Verneuil; Murchison asserted in 1841 that he named his "Permian system" after the ancient kingdom...
    .

    • Cadomites
      Cadomites

      is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
    • Oecoptychius
      Oecoptychius

      is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
    • Oxycerites
      Oxycerites

      is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
    • Somalinautilus


    †Ammonitids of the Aalenian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Asphinctites
      Asphinctites

      Asphinctites is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the Ammonite subclass....
    Confirmed.  The
  • Cranocephalites
    Cranocephalites

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Epistrenoceras
    Epistrenoceras

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Garantiana
    Garantiana

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.   
  • Lissoceras
    Lissoceras

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Nannolytoceras
    Nannolytoceras

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Oecotraustes
    Oecotraustes

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Okribites
    Okribites

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed. 
  • Parkinsonia
  • Confirmed.   
  • Procerites
    Procerites

    is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil cephalopods, the ammonites. It lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago....
  • Confirmed.  
  • Siemiradzkia
  • Confirmed.  


    Belemnites

    Belemnites of the Bathonian
    Taxa Presence Location Description Images
    • Produvalia
       
    Belmnites