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Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze

 
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The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan
Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
 church in Florence
Florence

Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south east of the Duomo
Santa Maria del Fiore

The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the cathedral church of Florence, Italy, begun in 1296 in the Gothic architecture style to the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi....
. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo
Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer....
, Galileo
Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was a Grand Duchy of Tuscany physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution....
, Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccol? di Bernardo dei Machiavelli is the philosopher, writer, and Italian politician considered the founder of modern political science. As a Renaissance Man, he was a Diplomacy, Political philosophy, musician, poet, and playwright, but, foremost, he was a Civil Servant of the Florence....
, Foscolo
Ugo Foscolo

Ugo Foscolo was a Greece-born Italy writer, revolutionary and poet. On the death of his father, a physician in Split /Spalato, today Croatia , the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school....
, Gentile
Giovanni Gentile

Giovanni Gentile was an Italy neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. He described himself as 'the philosopher of Fascism', and ghostwriter Doctrine of Fascism for Benito Mussolini....
, Rossini
Gioacchino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini was a popular Italian composer who created 39 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. His best known works include Il barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola and Guillaume Tell ....
, and Marconi
Guglielmo Marconi

Marchese Guglielmo Marconi was an Italy inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide....
, thus it is known also as the Pantheon of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie or Pantheon dell'Itale Glorie).

Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world.






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The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan
Franciscan

The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St....
 church in Florence
Florence

Florence is the Capital city of the Italy Regions of Italy of Tuscany and of the provinces of Italy Province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany and has a population of 364,779 ....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres south east of the Duomo
Santa Maria del Fiore

The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the cathedral church of Florence, Italy, begun in 1296 in the Gothic architecture style to the design of Arnolfo di Cambio and completed structurally in 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi....
. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo
Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer....
, Galileo
Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was a Grand Duchy of Tuscany physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution....
, Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccol? di Bernardo dei Machiavelli is the philosopher, writer, and Italian politician considered the founder of modern political science. As a Renaissance Man, he was a Diplomacy, Political philosophy, musician, poet, and playwright, but, foremost, he was a Civil Servant of the Florence....
, Foscolo
Ugo Foscolo

Ugo Foscolo was a Greece-born Italy writer, revolutionary and poet. On the death of his father, a physician in Split /Spalato, today Croatia , the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school....
, Gentile
Giovanni Gentile

Giovanni Gentile was an Italy neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. He described himself as 'the philosopher of Fascism', and ghostwriter Doctrine of Fascism for Benito Mussolini....
, Rossini
Gioacchino Rossini

Gioachino Antonio Rossini was a popular Italian composer who created 39 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. His best known works include Il barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola and Guillaume Tell ....
, and Marconi
Guglielmo Marconi

Marchese Guglielmo Marconi was an Italy inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide....
, thus it is known also as the Pantheon of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie or Pantheon dell'Itale Glorie).

Building

The Basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapel
Chapel

A chapel is a building used as a place for fellowship and of worship for Christians. It may be attached to an institution such as a large Church , a college, a hospital, a palace, a prison or a cemetery, or may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds....
s, many of them decorated with fresco
Fresco

Fresco is any of several related painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco , which has Latin origins....
es by Giotto
Giotto di Bondone

Giotto di Bondone , better known simply as Giotto, was an italy Painting and architect from Florence. He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance....
 and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs
Church monument

A church monument is an architecture or sculpture memorial to a death person or persons, located within a Christian church . It can take various forms, from a simple Commemorative plaque to a large and elaborate structure which may include an effigy of the deceased person and other figures of familial or symbolic nature....
. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis
Francis of Assisi

Francis of Assisi was a friar and the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans.He is known as the patron saint of animals, the Natural environment and Italy, and it is customary for Catholic Church es to hold ceremonies honoring animals around his feast day of 4 October....
 himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio
Arnolfo di Cambio

Arnolfo di Cambio was an Italy architect and sculpture....
, and paid for by some of the city's wealthiest families. It was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV

Pope Eugene IV , born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from March 3, 1431, to his death....
. The building's design reflects the austere approach of the Franciscans. The floorplan is an Egyptian or Tau cross
Cross of Tau

The Cross of Tau; also called the Tau Cross, St. Anthony's Cross, the Old Testament Cross, the Anticipatory Cross, the Cross Commissee, the Egyptian Cross, the Advent Cross, Croce taumata, "Saint Francis's Cross" or the Crux Commissa....
 (a symbol of St Francis), 115 metres in length with a nave
Nave

In Romanesque architecture and Gothic architecture Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and Church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar....
 and two aisles separated by lines of octagonal columns. To the south of the church was a convent
Convent

A convent may refer to a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or it may refer to the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion....
, some of whose buildings remain.

In the Primo Chiostro, the main cloister
Cloister

A cloister is a covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church usually indicates that it is part of a monastic foundation....
, there is the Cappella dei Pazzi
Pazzi Chapel

The Pazzi Chapel in Florence is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Renaissance architecture. It is located in the ?first cloister? of the Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze....
, built as the chapter house
Chapter house

A chapter house or chapterhouse is a building or room attached to a cathedral or collegiate church in which meetings are held. They can also be found in medieval monastery....
, completed in the 1470s. Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. All of his principal works are in Florence, Italy....
 (who had designed and executed the dome of the Duomo) was involved in its design which has remained rigorously simple and unadorned.

In 1560, the choir screen was removed as part of changes arising from the Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation denotes the period of Roman Catholic Church revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648....
 and the interior rebuilt by Giorgio Vasari
Giorgio Vasari

Giorgio Vasari was an Italy Painting and architect, who is today famous for his biography of Italian artists, considered the ideological foundation of art history writing....
. As a result, there was damage to the church's decoration and most of the altars previously located on the screen were lost.

The campanile
Campanile

A campanile – pronounced – is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower, often adjacent to a church or cathedral....
 was built in 1842, replacing an earlier one damaged by lightning. The neo-Gothic marble façade, by Nicolò Matas, dates from 1857-1863.

A Jewish architect Niccolo Matas from Ancona, designed the church's 19th century neo-Gothic facade, working a prominent Star of David into the composition. Matas had wanted to be buried with his peers but because he was Jewish, he was buried under the porch and not within the walls.

In 1866, the complex became public property, as a part of government suppression of most religious houses, following the wars that gained Italian independence and unity.

The Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce is housed mainly in the refectory
Refectory

File:Convento Cristo December 2008-6a.jpgA refectory is a dining room, especially in monastery, boarding schools and academic institutions. One of the places it is most often used today is in graduate seminary....
, also off the cloister. A monument to Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale, Order of Merit , Royal Red Cross , who came to be known as "The Lady with the Lamp", was a pioneering nurse, writer and noted statistician....
 stands in the cloister, in the city in which she was born and after which she was named. Brunelleschi also built the inner cloister, completed in 1453.

In 1966, the Arno River
Arno River

The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber.The river originates on Mount Falterona in the Casentino area of the Apennine Mountains, and takes initially a southward curve....
 flooded much of Florence, including Santa Croce. The water entered the church bringing mud, pollution and heating oil. The damage to buildings and art treasures was severe, taking several decades to repair.

Today the former dormitory of the Franciscan Friars houses the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School). Visitors can watch as artisans craft purses, wallets, and other leather goods which are sold in the adjacent shop.

Art

Artists whose work is present in the church include:
  • Benedetto da Maiano
    Benedetto da Maiano

    Benedetto da Maiano was an Italian sculptor of the early Renaissance.Born in the village of Maiano, near Fiesole, he started his career as companion of his brother, the architect Giuliano da Maiano....
     (pulpit; doors to Cappella dei Pazzi, with his brother Giuliano
    Giuliano da Maiano

    Giuliano da Maiano was an italy architect, intarsia-worker and sculptor, the elder brother of Benedetto da Maiano, with whom he often collaborated....
    )
  • Antonio Canova
    Antonio Canova

    Antonio Canova was a Republic of Venice sculpture who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nudity flesh. The epitome of the neoclassicism style, his work marked a return to Classicism refinement after the theatrical excesses of Baroque sculpture....
     (Alfieri's monument)
  • Cimabue
    Cimabue

    Cenni di Pepo Cimabue also known as Bencivieni di Pepo or in modern Italian, Benvenuto di Giuseppe, was an Italy Painting and creator of mosaics from Florence....
     (Crucifixion, badly damaged by the 1966 flood and now in the refectory)
  • Andrea della Robbia
    Andrea della Robbia

    Andrea della Robbia was an Italy Renaissance sculptor, especially in ceramics. He was the son of Marco della Robbia, brother of Luca della Robbia....
     (altarpiece in Cappella Medici)
  • Luca della Robbia
    Luca della Robbia

    Luca della Robbia was an Italy sculptor from Florence, noted for his terracotta roundels.Luca Della Robbia developed a pottery Ceramic glaze that made his creations more durable in the outdoors and thus suitable for use on the exterior of buildings....
     (decoration of Cappella dei Pazzi)
  • Desiderio da Settignano
    Desiderio da Settignano

    Desiderio da Settignano, real name Desiderio de Bartolomeo di Francesco detto Ferro was an Italian sculptor active during the Renaissance....
     (Marsuppini's tomb; frieze in Cappella dei Pazzi)
  • Donatello
    Donatello

    Donatello was a famous early Renaissance Italy artist and sculpture from Florence. He is, in part, known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture that, in Donatello's case, incorporated significant 15th-century developments in perspectival illusionism....
     (relief of the Annunciation on the south wall; crucifix in the lefthand Cappella Bardi; St Louis of Toulouse in the refectory, originally made for the Orsanmichele
    Orsanmichele

    Orsanmichele is a Church in the Italy city of Florence. The building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, now gone....
    )
  • Agnolo Gaddi
    Agnolo Gaddi

    Agnolo Gaddi was an Italy painter. He was the son and pupil of the painter Taddeo Gaddi.Taddeo Gaddi, was himself the major pupil of the Florentine master Giotto....
     (frescoes in Cappella Castellani and chancel; stained glass in chancel)
  • Taddeo Gaddi
    Taddeo Gaddi

    Taddeo Gaddi was a mediaeval Italy Painting and architect. As a painter, he created altar-pieces and murals and is primarily noted as a pupil and follower of Giotto....
     (frescoes in Cappella Baroncelli; Crucifixion in the sacristy; Last Supper in the refectory, considered his best work)
  • Giotto
    Giotto di Bondone

    Giotto di Bondone , better known simply as Giotto, was an italy Painting and architect from Florence. He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance....
     (frescoes in Cappella Peruzzi and righthand Cappella Bardi; possibly Coronation of the Virgin, altarpiece in Cappella Baroncelli)
  • Giovanni da Milano
    Giovanni da Milano

    Giovanni da Milano was an Italy Painting, known to be active in Florence and Rome between 1346 and 1369.His style is, like many Florentine painters of the time, considered to be derivative of Giotto di Bondone's....
     (frescoes in Cappella Rinuccini) with Scenes of the Life of the Virgin
    Life of the Virgin

    The Life of the Virgin, showing narrative scenes from the life of Mary , the mother of Jesus, is a common subject for pictorial cycles in Christian art, often complementing, or forming part of, a cycle on the Life of Christ....
     and the Magdalen
  • Maso di Banco
    Maso di Banco

    Maso di Banco was an Italian painter of the 14th century, who worked in Florence, Italy. His style was influenced by Giotto di Bondone.His fresco of a particular judgment is in the Bardi family tomb, in a chapel of the Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze....
     (frescoes in Cappella Bardi di Vernio) depicting Scenes from the life of St.Sylvester (1335-1338).
  • Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
     (statue of a warrior in the Primo Chiostro)
  • Andrea Orcagna
    Andrea Orcagna

    Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo , better known as Orcagna, was an italy painter, sculptor, and architect active in Florence. A student of Andrea Pisano as well as Giotto di Bondone, his younger brothers Jacopo di Cione and Nardo di Cione were also artists....
     (frescoes largely disappeared during Vasari's remodelling, but some fragments remain in the refectory)
  • Antonio Rossellino
    Antonio Rossellino

    Antonio Gamberelli , nicknamed Antonio Rossellino for the colour of his hair, was an Italy sculptor. His older brother, from whom he received his formal training, was the painter Bernardo Rossellino....
     (relief of the Madonna del Latte (1478) in the south aisle)
  • Bernardo Rossellino
    Bernardo Rossellino

    Bernardo di Matteo Gamberelli , better known as Bernardo Rossellino, was an Italy sculptor and architect, the elder brother of the painter Antonio Rossellino....
     (Bruni's tomb)
  • Santi di Tito
    Santi di Tito

    Santi di Tito was an Italy painter of Late-Mannerism or proto-Baroque style, what is sometimes referred to as Contra-Maniera.Biography...
     (Supper at Emmaus and Resurrection, altarpieces in the north aisle)
  • Giorgio Vasari (Michelangelo's tomb) with sculpture by Valerio Cioli, Iovanni Bandini, and Battista Lorenzi. Way to Calvary painted by Vasari.
  • Domenico Veneziano
    Domenico Veneziano

    Domenico Veneziano was an Italy painter of the early Renaissance, active mostly in Perugia and Tuscany.Little is known of his birth, though he is thought to have been born in Venice, hence his last name....
     (SS John and Francis in the refectory)


Once present in the church's Medici Chapel, but now split between the Florentine Galleries and the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum in Milan, is a polyptych
Polyptych

A polyptych generally refers to a painting which is divided into four or more sections, or panels. Polyptych may also be used to refer collectively to all multi-panel paintings....
 by Lorenzo di Niccolò
Lorenzo di Niccolò

Lorenzo di Niccol? was active in Florence from 1391 to 1412. Often erroneously cited as the son of Niccol? di Pietro Gerini, with whom he realized some works, this artist transformed his style from one more reminiscent of Giotto to one more elegant and linear, similar to that of such artists as Lorenzo Monaco....
.

Funerary monuments


The Basilica became popular with Florentines as a place of worship and patronage and it became customary for greatly honoured Florentines to be buried or commemorated there. Some were in chapels "owned" by wealthy families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi. As time progressed, space was also granted to notable Italians from elsewhere. For 500 years monuments were erected in the church including those to:
  • Leon Battista Alberti (15th century architect and artistic theorist)
  • Vittorio Alfieri
    Vittorio Alfieri

    Count Vittorio Alfieri , was an Italy dramatist, considered the "founder of Italian tragedy."...
     (18th century poet and dramatist)
  • Eugenio Barsanti
    Eugenio Barsanti

    Father Eugenio Barsanti , also named Nicol?, was the Italy inventor of the Internal combustion engine.Barsanti was born in Pietrasanta, Tuscany....
     (co-inventor of the internal combustion engine
    Internal combustion engine

    The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in a combustion chamber inside and integral to the engine. In an internal combustion engine it is always the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases that are produced by the combustion which apply force to the movable component of the engine, such as...
    )
  • Lorenzo Bartolini
    Lorenzo Bartolini

    Lorenzo Bartolini was an Italy sculpture who infused his neoclassicism with a strain of sentimental piety and naturalistic detail, while he drew inspiration from the sculpture of the Florentine Renaissance rather than the overpowering influence of Antonio Canova that circumscribed his Florentine contemporaries....
     (19th century sculptor)
  • Julie Clary
    Julie Clary

    Marie Julie Bonaparte , Queen Consort, of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, Queen Consort, permanently absent but living at Mortefontaine, France, of Spain and the Spanish West Indies was the wife of King Joseph Bonaparte of Kingdom of Naples from January 1806 to June 1808, and Kingdom of Sicily, later Kingdom of Spain and t...
    , wife of Joseph Bonaparte
    Joseph Bonaparte

    Joseph-Napol?on Bonaparte, King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies, Comte de Survilliers was the elder brother of French Emperor Napoleon I of France, who made him King of Naples and King of Sicily and later King of Spain....
    , and their daughter Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte
    Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte

    Charlotte Bonaparte was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, the older brother of Emperor Napoleon I, and Julie Clary. Her mother was the sister of D?sir?e Clary, Napoleon's first love....
  • Leonardo Bruni
    Leonardo Bruni

    Leonardo Bruni , was a leading humanism, historian and a chancellor of Florence. He has been called the first modern historian....
     (15th century chancellor of the Republic, scholar and historian)
  • Dante
    Dante Alighieri

    Durante degli Alighieri , commonly known as Dante Alighieri, was a Florence poet of the Middle Ages. His Magnum opus, the Divine Comedy , is often considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature....
     (actually buried in Ravenna
    Ravenna

    Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna....
    )
  • Ugo Foscolo
    Ugo Foscolo

    Ugo Foscolo was a Greece-born Italy writer, revolutionary and poet. On the death of his father, a physician in Split /Spalato, today Croatia , the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school....
     (19th century poet)
  • Galileo Galilei
    Galileo Galilei

    Galileo Galilei was a Grand Duchy of Tuscany physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution....
  • Giovanni Gentile
    Giovanni Gentile

    Giovanni Gentile was an Italy neo-Hegelian Idealist philosopher, a peer of Benedetto Croce. He described himself as 'the philosopher of Fascism', and ghostwriter Doctrine of Fascism for Benito Mussolini....
     (20th century philosopher)
  • Lorenzo Ghiberti
    Lorenzo Ghiberti

    Lorenzo Ghiberti was an Italy artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking.Ghiberti was born in Florence....
  • Vittorio Ghiberti
  • Niccolò Machiavelli
    Niccolò Machiavelli

    Niccol? di Bernardo dei Machiavelli is the philosopher, writer, and Italian politician considered the founder of modern political science. As a Renaissance Man, he was a Diplomacy, Political philosophy, musician, poet, and playwright, but, foremost, he was a Civil Servant of the Florence....
     by Innocenzo Spinazzi
    Innocenzo Spinazzi

    Innocenzo Spinazzi was an Italy sculptor of the Rococo period active in Rome and Florence.Born in Rome to a silversmith, he became the leading sculptor in Florence, where he died....
  • Carlo Marsuppini
    Carlo Marsuppini

    Carlo Marsuppini , also known as Carlo Aretino and Carolus Arretinus, was an Italian Renaissance humanist and chancellor of the Florentine Republic....
     (15th century chancellor of the Republic)
  • Michelangelo Buonarroti
  • Raffaello Morghen (19th century engraver)
  • Gioacchino Rossini
    Gioacchino Rossini

    Gioachino Antonio Rossini was a popular Italian composer who created 39 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. His best known works include Il barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola and Guillaume Tell ....
  • Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
    Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern

    Princess Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuele of Stolberg-Gedern was the wife of the Jacobitism claimant to the English throne and Scottish thrones Charles Edward Stuart....
     (wife of Charles Edward Stuart
    Charles Edward Stuart

    Charles Edward Stuart was the exiled Jacobitism claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland. He is commonly known in English and Scots language as Bonnie Prince Charlie....
    )
  • Guglielmo Marconi
    Guglielmo Marconi

    Marchese Guglielmo Marconi was an Italy inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide....
  • Enrico Fermi
    Enrico Fermi

    Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of Quantum mechanics, nuclear physics and particle physics, and statistical mechanics....
     (actually buried in Chicago, Illinois)


External links

  • (in Italian)