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The Bashkir language (Bashkir: ??????? ???? Bašqort tele) is a Turkic language
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
.

2002 population census showed 1,379,727 speakers of the Bashkir language living in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
.

Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n republic of Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan

The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains....
. Substantial number of the speakers also live in Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Chelyabinsk.Area: 87,900 km?; population: 3,603,339 ; 3,623,732 ....
, Orenburg
Orenburg Oblast

Orenburg Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Orenburg....
, Sverdlovsk
Sverdlovsk Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Given that the bulk of the oblast lies on the Asian side of the Ural Mountains it should be recognized as the most populous oblast within Asian Russia....
, Samara
Samara Oblast

Samara Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is located in the Volga Federal District. The administrative center is the city of Samara, Russia....
 and Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast

Kurgan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast....
s, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug?Yugra , or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people....
, Tatarstan
Tatarstan

Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russian Federation . Its size is 68,000 km? with a population of 3,800,000. Its capital is Kazan....
 and Udmurtia
Udmurtia

Udmurt Republic or Udmurtia is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Republic's Russian name is Udmurtskaya Respublika or Udmurtiya; Udmurt name: Udmurt Respublika....
. Large Bashkir minority groups also live in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
 and Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
.

r the Mongol invasion, the Kypchak language
Kipchak language

The Kipchak language is an extinct Turkic languages language of the Kipchak group.The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today, as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands....
 became more common due to the fact that it was the language spoken by the majority of the Golden Horde
Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
 tribes.

The modern Bashkir language, like the similar Tatar language, takes its roots from the Kypchak group of languages.






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Encyclopedia


The Bashkir language (Bashkir: ??????? ???? Bašqort tele) is a Turkic language
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
.

Speakers

The 2002 population census showed 1,379,727 speakers of the Bashkir language living in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
.

Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n republic of Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan

The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains....
. Substantial number of the speakers also live in Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Chelyabinsk.Area: 87,900 km?; population: 3,603,339 ; 3,623,732 ....
, Orenburg
Orenburg Oblast

Orenburg Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Orenburg....
, Sverdlovsk
Sverdlovsk Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Given that the bulk of the oblast lies on the Asian side of the Ural Mountains it should be recognized as the most populous oblast within Asian Russia....
, Samara
Samara Oblast

Samara Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It is located in the Volga Federal District. The administrative center is the city of Samara, Russia....
 and Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast

Kurgan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast....
s, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug?Yugra , or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people....
, Tatarstan
Tatarstan

Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russian Federation . Its size is 68,000 km? with a population of 3,800,000. Its capital is Kazan....
 and Udmurtia
Udmurtia

Udmurt Republic or Udmurtia is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Republic's Russian name is Udmurtskaya Respublika or Udmurtiya; Udmurt name: Udmurt Respublika....
. Large Bashkir minority groups also live in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
 and Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan , is a Landlocked_country#Doubly_landlocked_country country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union....
.

Alphabet and dialects

After the Mongol invasion, the Kypchak language
Kipchak language

The Kipchak language is an extinct Turkic languages language of the Kipchak group.The descendants of the Kipchak language include the majority of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus today, as Kipchak was used as a lingua franca in Golden Horde-ruled lands....
 became more common due to the fact that it was the language spoken by the majority of the Golden Horde
Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
 tribes.

The modern Bashkir language, like the similar Tatar language, takes its roots from the Kypchak group of languages. Today the language has many dialect
Dialect

A dialect is a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class....
s, some of them are similar to Tatar. In the past, Bashkirs used the Chagatay language as a written language. In the late 19th century it was replaced with Tatar, which was in use until 1923.

Both Chagatay and Tatar were written in a variant of the Arabic script.

In 1923, a writing system based on the Arabic script was specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, a Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the Tatar influences. At first, it used a modified Arabic alphabet
Alphabet

An alphabet is a standardized set of letter basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a phoneme, a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past....
. In 1930 it was replaced with a Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
-based alphabet, which was in turn replaced with an adapted Cyrillic alphabet in winter of 1938.

The alphabet used by Bashkir is based on the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet

The Cyrillic alphabet is a family of alphabets, subsets of which are used by five Slavic languages national languages as well as non-Slavic . It is also used by many other languages of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia and other languages in the past....
, with the addition of the following letters:
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
,
?

or is a letter derived from the Latin alphabet. Both glyphs of the majuscule and Lower case forms of this letter are based on the rotated form of a minuscule e; a similar letter with identical minuscule is used in the Pan-Nigerian Alphabet, but has the capital form majuscule , based on a horizontally flipped majuscule E....
.

Bashkir alphabet (??????? ??????h?)
??[a]??[b]??[v]
??[g]??[]??[d]
[đ]??[e], [je]??[jo]
??[]??[z]??[i]
[j]??[k][q]
??[l]??[m]??[n]
??[?]??[o]??[ř]
??[p]??[r]??[s]
[?]??[t]??[u]
??[y]??[f]??[x]
?h (h?)[h]??[]??[]
??[]??[][?]
??[][]??[e]
??[ć]??[ju]??[ja]


Bibliography

  • Poppe, N. N., Bashkir Manual (Uralic & Altaic): 1997, ISBN-10: 0700708367 ISBN-13: 978-0700708369


External links (in Bashkir)

  • Swadesh list in Bashkir


External links (in Russian)

  • , by Andrey Platonov


External links (in English)