Baron de Ros
Encyclopedia
The title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....

. (The spelling of the title and of the surname of the original holders has been rendered differently in various texts. The word "Ros" is sometimes spelt "Roos", and the word "de" is sometimes dropped.)

Ancienty and precedence

The Barony was created by writ in 1264; no other English title predates it unless one accepts certain doubtful contentions about the title of Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel
The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his heir apparent as a courtesy title. It was created in 1138 for the Norman baron Sir William d'Aubigny...

. The only older peerage titles in the British Isles are: Baron Kerry and Lixnaw (1181, held by the Marquess of Lansdowne
Marquess of Lansdowne
Marquess of Lansdowne, in the County of Somerset, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain held by the head of the Petty-Fitzmaurice family. This branch of the family descends from the Hon...

), Baron Offaly
Baron Offaly
There have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland.Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed; for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Gaelic "Uí Faelain" and not...

 (1199, later creation held by the Duke of Leinster
Duke of Leinster
Duke of Leinster is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage. The title refers to Leinster, but unlike the province the title is pronounced "Lin-ster"...

), and Baron Kingsale
Baron Kingsale
The Barony of Kingsale is one of the most ancient peerage titles in Britain or Ireland. The Barony, in the Peerage of Ireland, dates to the thirteenth century, perhaps being created circa 1223, though other sources give different dates. The first creation was by writ. The title was officially...

 (circa 1223) in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...

, and Earl of Mar
Earl of Mar
The Mormaer or Earl of Mar is a title that has been created seven times, all in the Peerage of Scotland. The first creation of the earldom was originally the provincial ruler of the province of Mar in north-eastern Scotland...

 (predates 1115) and Earl of Sutherland
Earl of Sutherland
Earl of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created circa 1230 for William de Moravia. The Earl of Sutherland is also the Chief of Clan Sutherland...

 (1230) in the Peerage of Scotland
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...

.

Whenever a man holds the title, he is styled the Premier Baron of England. However, whenever a woman holds the title, the holder of the next-highest barony held by a man is known as the Premier Baron. For instance, when Georgiana Maxwell
Georgiana Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros
Georgiana Angela Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley succeeded her grandmother Una Ross after the title was called out of abeyance in her favour in 1958. She was the first woman of her line to be allowed to sit in the House of Lords after the Peerage Act 1963.The 27th Baroness was the...

, the most recent female to hold the title, was Baroness, the Lord Mowbray, Segrave, and Stourton was considered the Premier Baron.

Remainder

The Barony may pass to heirs-general rather than just heirs-male, unlike most British titles. The barony may pass to daughters only if there are no sons. Under inheritance law, sisters have an equal right to inherit; there is no special inheritance right due for an eldest sister, as there is for an eldest son. Thus, it is possible that two or more sisters (and their heirs after their deaths) have an equally valid claim to the title; in such a case, the title goes into abeyance
Abeyance
Abeyance is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. In law, the term abeyance can only be applied to such future estates as have not yet vested or possibly...

. The abeyance ends either when there is only one remaining claimant due to deaths of the other claimants, or when the Sovereign "terminates" the abeyance in favour of one of the heirs. The peerage has been held by a woman six times, more than any other peerage except that of Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Baron Willoughby de Eresby is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by writ in 1313 for Robert de Willoughby of Eresby Manor, near Spilsby, Lincolnshire. The fourteenth Baron was created Earl of Lindsey in 1626. His great-grandson, the fourth Earl and seventeenth Baron, was created...

.

Descent

The title was originally held by the de Ros family until the death of the eleventh Baron in 1508, when it was inherited by his nephew, Sir George Manners
George Manners, 12th Baron de Ros
Sir George Manners, 12th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was an English nobleman of the reign of King Henry VII of England....

. His son, Thomas
Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland
Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, 13th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was created an earl by King Henry VIII of England in 1525.-Family background:...

, inherited the barony and was later created Earl of Rutland. The barony and earldom remained united until the death of the third Earl, Edward Manners
Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland
Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland, 15th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, whose titles he inherited in 1563....

. The barony was then inherited by his only daughter, Elizabeth
Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros
Lady Elizabeth Manners, 16th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley was the daughter and heir of Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland...

, while the earldom passed to a male heir, his younger brother. Upon the death of Elizabeth's only son, William Cecil
William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros
William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros of Helmsley .He was born at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, and baptised on 4 June 1590. In 1591, he inherited the barony of de Ros from his mother, Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros. On 13 February 1615, he married Ann Lake.He was sent by King James I on a...

, the title returned to the Manners family, being inherited by the sixth Earl of Rutland.

Again, upon the sixth Earl's death, the barony and earldom were separated (the earldom being inherited by a distant cousin, the great-nephew of the 2nd earl), as the barony was inherited by the Earl's daughter Katherine
Katherine Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham
Katherine Manners, Duchess of Buckingham, 19th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley , also known as Catherine, was the daughter and heir of the 18th Baron de Ros. She was known as the richest woman in Britain, apart from royalty...

, who had married George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG was the favourite, claimed by some to be the lover, of King James I of England. Despite a very patchy political and military record, he remained at the height of royal favour for the first two years of the reign of Charles I, until he was assassinated...

. Katherine's son George
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 20th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG, PC, FRS was an English statesman and poet.- Upbringing and education :...

 inherited both the barony and the dukedom, but upon his death the dukedom became extinct and the barony went into abeyance.

The barony had been in abeyance for over a century when Charlotte Boyle Walsingham
Charlotte FitzGerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros
Charlotte Fitzgerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros of Helmsley , also known as Lady Henry FitzGerald, was born Charlotte Boyle-Walsingham in Castlemartyr, County Cork, Ireland or in London, where she died....

 (who was later to marry Lord Henry FitzGerald
Lord Henry FitzGerald
Lord Henry FitzGerald PC was the fourth son of the 1st Duke of Leinster and the Duchess of Leinster . A younger brother was the revolutionary Lord Edward FitzGerald.-Life:...

, a son of the 4th Duke of Leinster
Duke of Leinster
Duke of Leinster is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage. The title refers to Leinster, but unlike the province the title is pronounced "Lin-ster"...

) petitioned King George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...

 to terminate the abeyance in her favour in 1790. (She was the daughter of Robert Boyle-Walsingham
Robert Boyle-Walsingham
Robert Boyle-Walsingham was an Irish sailor and Member of Parliament.Born Robert Boyle, he was a younger son of Henry Boyle, 1st Earl of Shannon, by his wife Henrietta, daughter of Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington...

 by his wife Charlotte, daughter of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams
Charles Hanbury Williams
Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, KB , diplomat, writer and satirist, son of John Hanbury, a Welsh ironmaster, assumed the name of Williams on succeeding to the estate of his godfather Charles Williams, in 1720....

 by his wife Frances, daughter of Thomas Coningsby, 1st Earl Coningsby
Thomas Coningsby, 1st Earl Coningsby
Thomas Coningsby, 1st Earl Coningsby PC was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times from 1679 until 1716 when he was created a peer and sat in the House of Lords-Early life:...

 by his wife Frances, daughter of Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh
Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh
Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh PC FRS , known as The Viscount Ranelagh between 1669 and 1677, was an Irish peer, politician both in the Parliaments of England and Ireland.-Background:...

 by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham was an English peer of the House of Lords.He succeeded to the title 14 October 1617 on the death in infancy of his elder brother Henry Willoughby, 4th Lord Willoughby of Parham...

, son of William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham
William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham
William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham was an English peer.He was born in Knaith, England, the son of William Willoughby and Elizabeth Hilyard...

 by his wife Frances, daughter of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland
John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland
John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland and Lady Margaret Neville.He married Elizabeth Charlton, daughter of Francis Charlton of Apley Castle they had ten children:...

 who was younger brother of the 15th Baron de Ros.) The King referred the matter to the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....

, which recommended that the barony remain in abeyance. However, in 1806, the Prince Regent
George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...

 terminated the abeyance in her favour on the recommendation of his Prime Minister. Charlotte and her heirs then took the additional surname of "de Ros" after "FitzGerald".

The title eventually went into abeyance again upon the death of Mary Dawson (née Fitzgerald-de Ros), the 25th Baroness, in 1939. The abeyance was terminated in favour of her eldest daughter, Una Ross
Una Ross, 26th Baroness de Ros
Una Mary Ross, 26th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley succeeded her mother to the title in 1943...

 (née Dawson) in 1943, and again went into abeyance upon her death in 1956. Two years later, the barony was called out of abeyance again for Una Ross's granddaughter, Georgiana Maxwell (née Ross). Upon Georgiana Maxwell's death, it was inherited by Peter Maxwell
Peter Maxwell, 28th Baron de Ros
Peter Trevor Maxwell, 28th Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the Premier Baron of England, by virtue of his holding the oldest baronial title created in the Peerage of England....

, the first man to hold the title in over three-quarters of a century.

Barons de Ros of Helmsley (1264)

  • Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
    Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
    Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros of Helmsley, was an English nobleman.He was grandson to Sir Robert de Ros and Isabel, an illegitimate daughter of William I of Scotland by Isabel Avenal. He was son to Sir William de Ros Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros of Helmsley, (c. 1213 – 13 May 1285) was...

     (d. 1285)
  • William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros of Helmsley was a claimant to the crown of Scotland. He was the son of Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros....

     (d. 1316)
  • William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley was the son of William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros.As 3rd Baron de Ros of Hamlake, Werke, Trusbut & Belvoir, he was summoned to Parliament during the reigns of Edward II and Edward III of England. In 1321 he completed the religious foundation which his...

     (d. 1343)
  • William de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was a military commander under Edward, the Black Prince. He was knighted by the Black Prince in 1346, having helped raise the siege of Arguillon...

     (c. 1326–1352)
  • Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was the son of William de Ros, 3rd Baron de Ros, and the brother of William de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros....

     (1336–1384)
  • John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros
    John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros
    John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KB . He took a prominent part in the pageantry at the coronation of the ill-advised, and ill-fated Richard II, then only years old. Following the coronation he was made a Knight of the Bath. While on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem he died in Paphos, Cyprus. His...

     (c. 1360–1394)
  • William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros
    William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG was Lord Treasurer of England.He was a son of Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros and Beatrice Stafford, daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford. He was also a younger brother of John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros.-Career:His older brother died...

     (c. 1369–1414)
  • John de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros
    John de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros
    John de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was an English nobleman.He was the eldest son of William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros and Margaret FitzAlan. His mother was a daughter of John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel and Elizabeth le Despenser....

     (d. 1421)
  • Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was an English nobleman.-Lineage:He was the second son of William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros and Margaret Fitzalan...

     (c. 1405–1431)
  • Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros
    Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses.-Family:...

     (c. 1427–1464) (forfeit 1464)
  • Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros
    Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros
    Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses. He regained his family title after the accession of King Henry VII of England....

     (d. 1508) (restored 1485, barony abeyant in 1508)
  • George Manners, 12th Baron de Ros
    George Manners, 12th Baron de Ros
    Sir George Manners, 12th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was an English nobleman of the reign of King Henry VII of England....

     (d. 1513) (abeyance terminated about 1512)
  • Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, 13th Baron de Ros
    Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland
    Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, 13th Baron de Ros of Helmsley was created an earl by King Henry VIII of England in 1525.-Family background:...

     (d. 1543)
  • Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, 14th Baron de Ros
    Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland
    Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, 14th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG was the son of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. He also held the title of 14th Baron de Ros of Hamlake, a title to which he acceded in 1543....

     (1526–1563)
  • Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland, 15th Baron de Ros
    Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland
    Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland, 15th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, whose titles he inherited in 1563....

     (1549–1587)
  • Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros
    Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros
    Lady Elizabeth Manners, 16th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley was the daughter and heir of Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland...

     (c. 1572–1591)
  • William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros
    William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros
    William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros of Helmsley .He was born at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, and baptised on 4 June 1590. In 1591, he inherited the barony of de Ros from his mother, Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros. On 13 February 1615, he married Ann Lake.He was sent by King James I on a...

     (1590–1618)
  • Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, 18th Baron de Ros
    Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland
    Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, KG was an English nobleman. Despite a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the Essex Rebellion of 1601, he became prominent at the court of James I. He lived at Belvoir Castle in Lincolnshire...

     (1578–1632)
  • Katherine Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham, 19th Baroness de Ros
    Katherine Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham
    Katherine Manners, Duchess of Buckingham, 19th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley , also known as Catherine, was the daughter and heir of the 18th Baron de Ros. She was known as the richest woman in Britain, apart from royalty...

     (d. 1649)
  • George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 20th Baron de Ros
    George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
    George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, 20th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG, PC, FRS was an English statesman and poet.- Upbringing and education :...

     (1628–1687) (barony abeyant 1687)
  • Charlotte FitzGerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros
    Charlotte FitzGerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros
    Charlotte Fitzgerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros of Helmsley , also known as Lady Henry FitzGerald, was born Charlotte Boyle-Walsingham in Castlemartyr, County Cork, Ireland or in London, where she died....

     (1769–1831) (abeyance terminated 1806)
  • Henry William FitzGerald-de Ros, 22nd Baron de Ros
    Henry FitzGerald-de Ros, 22nd Baron de Ros
    Henry William FitzGerald-de Ros, 22nd Baron de Ros was a British nobleman, the son of Lord Henry FitzGerald and his wife Charlotte FitzGerald-de Ros, 21st Baroness de Ros....

     (1793–1839)
  • William Lennox Lascelles FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros
    William FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros
    General William Lennox Lascelles FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley, PC, DL , was a British soldier and Conservative politician...

     (1797–1874)
  • Dudley Charles FitzGerald-de Ros, 24th Baron de Ros
    Dudley FitzGerald-de Ros, 24th Baron de Ros
    Lieutenant-General Dudley Charles FitzGerald-de Ros, 24th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KP, KCVO was the son of William FitzGerald-de Ros and Lady Georgiana Lennox. He was born in Brighton....

     (1827–1907)
  • Mary Frances Dawson, 25th Baroness de Ros
    Mary Dawson, Countess of Dartrey
    Mary Frances Dawson, Countess of Dartrey, 25th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley was a British peeress. She was born in London. Her parents were Dudley FitzGerald-de Ros and Lady Elizabeth Egerton...

     (1854–1939) (abeyant 1939)
  • Una Mary Ross, 26th Baroness de Ros
    Una Ross, 26th Baroness de Ros
    Una Mary Ross, 26th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley succeeded her mother to the title in 1943...

     (1879–1956) (abeyance terminated 1943; abeyant 1956)
  • Georgiana Angela Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros
    Georgiana Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros
    Georgiana Angela Maxwell, 27th Baroness de Ros of Helmsley succeeded her grandmother Una Ross after the title was called out of abeyance in her favour in 1958. She was the first woman of her line to be allowed to sit in the House of Lords after the Peerage Act 1963.The 27th Baroness was the...

     (1933–1983) (abeyance terminated 1958)
  • Peter Trevor Maxwell, 28th Baron de Ros
    Peter Maxwell, 28th Baron de Ros
    Peter Trevor Maxwell, 28th Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the Premier Baron of England, by virtue of his holding the oldest baronial title created in the Peerage of England....

    (b. 1958)


The heir apparent is the Hon. Finbar James Maxwell (b. 1988).
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