Bareilly
Encyclopedia
Bareilly is a prominent city in Bareilly district
in the northern India
n state
of Uttar Pradesh
. Standing on the Ramganga
river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division
and the geographical region Rohilkhand
. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of state capital, Lucknow
and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of national capital New Delhi
.
A leading regional city, Bareilly is a powerful influence over regional commerce, finance, culture, art, fashion, research, education, and entertainment. It is also a center for the manufacture of furniture
and for trade in cotton
, grain
, and sugar
. The city's population in 2001 was 699,839. Geographically it forms the outer gateway to enter Uttarakhand
State. The status of the city has been upgraded when its name was included in the "Counter Magnets" of National Capital Region
(NCR) also including Hissar, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior. Bareilly is equidistant from New Delhi
, the capital of India and Lucknow
, the capital of Uttar Pradesh and thus has a lot of potential for setting up industries and to attract people to settle here.
According to the epic Mahābhārata
, Bareilly region (Panchala
) is said to be birth place of Draupadi
, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna
). When Yudhisthira
becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata
, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly. In 12the Century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Kshatriya
Rajputs . With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate
before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire
. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. Later the region became the capitol of Rohilkhand
region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company
(transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.
This fast-growing city is also known as Bans-Bareilly (Bansaldev & Baraldev). Though Bareilly is also a production center for cane (Bans) furniture, but it is just a coincidence. The name Bans Bareilly is not derived from its big bans (bamboo
) market.It derived after the name of two prince named Bansaldev & Baraldev (Son of Local King). Bareilly is also famous by the names of "Nath Nagri" by the Hindus. The name Nath Nagri is derived out the presence of a lot of Lord Shiva Temples (Bhole Nath Temples) including Alakha Nath, Trivati Nath, Madhi Nath, Dhopeshwar Nath temples, Bankhandi Nath and Pasupati Nath. It is also famous for Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi's Dargah all over the world and is also called "Bareilly Shareef" by Muslims.
The city is also famous for its Zari work
(a type of embroidery or fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Surma (Kohl
and Manja. Manja
(the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) called 'Luddhi Manja'. This manja thrives on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol and glass, all in good quantity, that results in it being lethal should any other manja come in contact with it.
In recent past, Bareilly has given four eminent personalities- Waseem Barelvi (world renowned Urdu poet), Priyanka Chopra (former miss world and famous young Bollywood actor hailed from this city, Imran Khan (won a Gold medal in shooting in the 19th Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi) and Apoorv Agarwal.
The M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
(1975) and Bareilly College
(1837) along with many private colleges and universities underline Bareilly's educational front. The Indian Veterinary Research Institute
(I.V.R.I.) and Central Avian Research Institute (C.A.R.I.) is located in the suburb of Izzatnagar
.
Historically, Bareilly region
was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Uttara-Panchala
(Northern Panchala
).
The Kingdom
occupied the country (region) to the east of the Kuru Kingdom, i.e. between the upper Himalayas and the river Ganges
. The country was divided into Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) and Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala).
The Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) had its capital at Ahicchattra (also known as Adhichhatra and Chhatravati, near present-day Ramnagar village in Aonla
region of Bareilly
, while Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala) had it capital at Kampilya or Kampil
in Farrukhabad district
.
The names of the last two Panchala
clans, the Somakas and the Srinjayas are also mentioned in the Mahabharata
and the Puranas
. King Drupada
, whose daughter Draupadi
was married to the Pandava
s belonged to the Somaka clan. However, the Mahabharata
and the Puranas
consider the ruling clan of the northern Panchala as an offshoot of the Bharata
clan and Divodasa, Sudas, Srinjaya, Somaka and Drupada
(also called Yajnasena) were the most notable rulers of this clan.
Panchala emerges at this time as one of the strongest powers in India. About 25 kings who have ruled during this period have left behind thousands of coins. During the period between the fall of the Mauryas and the rise of the Guptas, the Panchalas had two phases of power - first the pre Kushana phase i.e. from C-150 BC to AD 125 and secondly a short period of fifty years after the fall of the Kushanas, which ended in CAD 350 when Panchala was assimilated in the Gupta empire by Samudragupta. Under the Guptas Ahichhatra was one of the provinces into which the Gupta empire was divided.
Evidence reveal that the Panchal coins were minted at Bareilly and the surrounding areas during 176 - 166 BC. Kushan and Gupta kings established mints in the region and this status was retained till the Christian era. Found at Ganga Ghati in abundance were the Adi Vigraha and Shree Vigraha coins of the Pratihara Kings that were minted here between the 4th to the 9th centuries. Dating to this period are also the silver coins — similar to those of Firoz Second — known as Indo-Sasanian. Later, the city's continued status as a Mint town since the beginning of the Christian era was helped by the fact that Bareilly was never a disturbed area. (except at the time of the Independence Struggle)
The amalgamation of several religious and popular beliefs may be observed throughout the history of Panchala in ancient India. In addition to being associated with the activities of pravahana Jaivali, Gargayayana, Uddalaka etc. responsible for giving a distinctive touch to the later vedic thought, the region was also a prominent centre of popular beliefs such as the cult of Nagas, Yaksas and Vetalas.
After the fall of the Guptas in the latter half of the 6th century the district of Bareilly came under the domination of the Maukharis. Under the emperor Harsha (606-47 AD) the district was the part of the Ahichhatra Bhukti.
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.
The Jain tirthamkara Parshvanath is said to have attained Kaivalya at Ahichhatra. The echoes of the Bhagavates and the Saivas at Ahichhatrra can still be seen in the towering monuments of a massive temples, which is the most imposing structure of the site.
During Harsha's reign the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang also visited Ahichhatra about 635 AD.
The folklore says that Gautama Buddha
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.
Mahmud of Ghazni gave a death blow to the already decaying Gurjara Pretihara power. After the fall of the Gurjara Pretiharas Ahichhetra ceases to remain a flourishing cultural centre of the region. The seat of the royal power was shifted from Ahichhatra to Vodamayuta or modern Badaun as the irrefutable evidence of Rashtrakuta Chief Lakhanpalas inscription shows.
After the fall of the Gurjara Pretihara, the City was under the rule of local rulers. In the twelfth century it was ruled by different clans of Rajputs referred to by the general name of Katehriyas (Kshatriya) Rajputs. The province was largely held by Rajputs of different clans such as Bachal, Gaur, Chauhan and Rathor. The tract of land forming the subah or province (of Rohilkhand
) was formerly called Katehr/Katiher.
The Katehriyas are to be noted for their conspicuous role in persistently resisting the onslaught of the Delhi rulers till as late as the time of Akbar. The origin and the rise of the Katehar Rajputs in the region is a mystery and a matter of controversy.
At the beginning of the thirteenth century, when the Delhi Sultanate
was firmly established, Katehr was divided into the provinces of Sambhal and Budaun. But the thickly forested country infested with wild animals provided just the right kind of shelter for rebels. And indeed, Katehr was famous for rebellions against imperial authority. During the Sultanate rule, there were frequent rebellions in Katehr. All were ruthlessly crushed. Sultan Balban (1266–1287) ordered vast tracts of jungle to be cleared so as to make the area unsafe for the insurgents.
The slightest weakening of the central authority provoked acts of defiance from the Katehriya Rajputs. Thus the Mughals initiated the policy of allotting lands for Afghan settlements in Katiher. Afghan settlements continued to be encouraged throughout the reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707) and even after his death. These Afghans, known as the Rohilla Afghans, caused the area to be known as Rohilkhand. This move by Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb
Alamgir was aimed to suppress Rajput
uprisings, which had afflicted this region. Originally, some 20,000 soldiers from various Pashtun
Tribes (Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai
, Barech
, Marwat
, Durrani
, Tanoli
, Tarin
, Kakar
, Khattak
, Afridi and Baqarzai) were hired by Mughals to provide soldiers to the Mughal armies and this was appreciated by Aurangzeb
Alamgir, an additional force of 25,000 men was given respected positions in Mughal Army. However most of them settled in the Katehar region during Nadir Shah's invasion of northern India
in 1739 increasing their population up to 100,0000. Due to the large settlement of Rohilla Afghans
, the Katehar region gained fame as Rohilkhand
.
The city of Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Basdeo, a Katehriya Rajput. The city is mentioned in the histories for the first time by Budayuni who he writes that one Husain Quli Khan was appointed the governor of 'Bareilly and Sambhal' in 1568. The divisions and revenue of the district "being fixed by Todar Mal" were recorded by Abul Fazl in 1596. The foundation of the 'modern' City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. In 1658, Bareilly was made the headquarters of the province of Budaun.
The Mughal policy of encouraging Afghan settlements for keeping the Katehriyas in check worked only as long as the central government was strong. After Aurangzeb's death, the Afghans, having themselves become local potentates, began to seize and occupy neighboring villages.
In 1623 two Afghan brothers of the Barech
tribe, Shah Alam and Husain Khan, settled in the region, bringing with them many other Pashtun settlers. It was with the immigration of Daud Khan, an Afghan slave (who originally hails from Roh in Afghanistan
) in the region that the Afghan Rohillas had come into prominence. His adopted son Ali Muhammad Khan succeeded in carving out an estate for himself in the district with his headquarter in the region. He was ultimately made the lawful governor of Kateher by the Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb
Alamgir (ruled 1658-1707), and the region was henceforth called "the land of the Ruhelas." Eventually after the end of the Mughal Empire many Pathans migrated from Rohilkhand.
Bareilly as a ruined city became crowded with unemployed, restless Rohilla Pathans. Many urban cities in Uttar Pradesh were experiencing economic stagnation and poverty. Naturally, this led to heavy migration overseas to Suriname
and Guyana
.
Meanwhile, Ali Muhammad Khan (1737–1749), grandson of Shah Alam, captured the city of Bareilly and made it his capital, later uniting the Rohilla
s to form the 'State of Rohilkhand
', between 1707 and 1720, making Bareilly his capital. He rapidly rose to power and got confirmed in possession of the lands he had seized. The Emperor created him a Nawab in 1737, and he was recognised as the governor of Rohilkhand in 1740.
According to 1901 census of India, the total Pathan population in Bareilly District was 40,779, out of a total population of 1,090,117. Their principal clans were the Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai
, Barech, Marwat
, Durrani
, Tanoli
, Tarin
, Kakar
, Khattak
, Afridi and Baqarzai. Other important cities were Rampur, Shahjahanpur
, Badaun
, and others.
Ali Muhammad was succeeded by Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Barech (1749–1774), whom he appointed h¹fiz or regent
of Rohilkhand
on his deathbed. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech extended the power of Rohilkhand
from Almora
in the North to Etawah
in the South-West.
Under Rahmat Ali Khan, Rohilla power continued to rise, though the area was torn by strife amongst the rival chieftains and continuous struggles with the neighbouring powers, particularly the Nawab Vazirs of Awadh, the Bangash Nawabs, and the Marathas.
The term Rohilla is derived from the Pashtu Roh, meaning mountain, and literally means a mountain air, and was used by the Baluch
and Jats of the Derajat
region to refer to the Pashtun mountains tribes of Loralai
, Zhob
and Waziristan
regions. The Rohilla
s and are men of a taller stature, a fairer complexion and a more arrogant air than the general inhabitants of the district. The Muslims in the area are chiefly the descendants of Yousafzai Afghans
tribe of Pashtuns, called the Rohilla Pathans of the Mandanh sub-section, (but other Pashtuns also became part of the community), who settled in the country about the year 1720. Rohilla's Sardar
like Daud Khan, Ali Muhammad Khan, and Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Barech were from the Afghan
tribe the Barech
, who were originally from the Kandahar Province
of Afghanistan
. In Uttar Pradesh
, it was used for all Pashtuns, except for the Shia Bangash
es who settled in the Rohilkhand
region, or men serving under Rohilla chiefs. Rohillas were distinguished by their separate language and culture. They spoke Pashto among each other but gradually lost their language over time and now converse in Urdu.
Bishop Heber described them as follows: - "The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called sawars (cavaliers), who, though many of them are not worth a rupee, conceive it derogatory to their gentility and Pathan blood to apply themselves to any honest industry, and obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by sponging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of blackmail, or as hangers-on to the wealthy and noble families yet remaining in the province. These men have no visible means of maintenance, and no visible occupation except that of lounging up and down with their swords and shields, like the ancient Highlanders, whom in many respects they much resemble."
Rohilkhand (under Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Barech) was on the on the winning side at the Third Battle of Panipat of 1761 and successfully blocked the expansion of the Maratha
Empire into north India. In 1772 Rohilkhand
was invaded by the Marathas; however the Nawabs of Awadh came to the aid of the Rohillas in repulsing the invasion. After the war Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula
demanded payment for their help from the Rohilla
chief, Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech. When the demand was refused the Nawab joined with the British under Governor
Warren Hastings
and his Commander-in-Chief
, Alexander Champion
, to invade Rohilkhand
. The combined forces of Shuja-ud Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh and the Company's forces led by Colonel Champion defeated Hafiz Rahmat Ali Khan in 1774.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech was killed in the ensuing battle at Miranpur Katra in 1774. His death finally closing the chapter of Rohilla rule.
Rohilkhand was handed over to the Nawab Vazir of Awadh. From 1774 to 1800, the province was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh. By 1801, the subsidies due under the various treaties for support of a British force had fallen into hopeless arrears. In order to defray the debt, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan surrendered Rohilkhand to the East India Company by the treaty of November 10, 1801.
During this period too, Bareilly retained its status as a mint. Emperor Akbar and his descendants minted gold and silver coins at mints in Bareilly. The Afghan conqueror Ahmed Shah Durani too minted gold and silver coins at the Bareilly mint.
During the time of Shah Alam II, Bareilly was the headquarters of Rohilla Sardar Hafiz Rehmat Khan and many more coins were issued. After that, the city was in possession of Awadh Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah. The coins that he issued had Bareilly, Bareilly Aasfabad, and Bareilly kite and fish as identification marks. After that, the minting of coins passed on to the East India Company.
The Rohillas, after fifty years' precarious independence, were subjugated in 1774 by the confederacy of British troops with the nawab of Oudh's army, which formed so serious a charge against Warren Hastings. Their territory was in that year annexed to Oudh. In 1801 the nawab of Oudh ceded it to the Company in commutation of the subsidy money.
, the change of the power structure did little to soothe the troubled strife torn area; rather the change had the effect to aggravate a precarious state of affairs. There was a general spirit of discontent throughout the district. In 1812, an inordinate enhancement in the revenue demand and then in 1814 the imposition of a new house tax caused a lot of resentment against the British. "Business stood still, shops were shut and multitudes assembled near the courthouse to petition for the abolition of the tax." The Magistrate, Dembleton, already an unpopular man made things worse by ordering the assessment to be made by a Kotwal. In the skirmish that took place between the rebel masses and the sepoys under Captain Cunningham, three or four hundred people died. In 1818, Glyn was posted as Acting Judge, and the Magistrate of Bareilly, and the Joint Magistrate of Bulundshahr.
In research ordered by Glyn asking Ghulam Yahya to write an account about 'craftsmen, the names of tools of manufacture and production and their dress and manners', eleven trades found out to be most popular means of livelihood in and around Bareilly in the 1820s were glass manufacture, manufacture of glass bangles, manufacture of lac bangles, crimping, gram parching, wire drawing, charpoy weaving, manufacture of gold and silver thread, keeping a grocer's shop, making jewellery and selling kab¹bs.
Bareilly (Rohilkhand
) was a major centre during The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as India's First War of Independence). The Rebellion which began as a mutiny
of native soldiers (sepoy
s) employed by the British East India Company
's army, against perceived race based injustices and inequities, on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions which were mainly centered on north central India along the several major river valleys draining the south face of the Himalayas [See red annotated locations on Map at right] but with local episodes extending both northwest to Peshawar
on the north-west frontier
with Afghanistan
and southeast beyond Delhi. Communal hatred led to ugly communal riots in many parts of U.P. The green flag was hoisted and Muslims in Bareilly, Bijnor, Moradabad, and other places the Muslims shouted for the revival of Muslim kingdom.
During the Mutiny of 1857 the Rohillas took a very active part against the English, but since then they have been disarmed. Khan Badur Khan Rohilla, the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan
formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857 Indian revolt against British. There was a widespread popular revolt in many areas such as Awadh, Bundelkhand and Rohilkhand. The rebellion was therefore more than just a military rebellion, and it spanned more than one region.
During the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, Khan Bhadur Khan issued silver coins from Bareilly as an independent ruler. These coins are a novelty as far as the numismatist is concerned.
When the Indian Rebellion of 1857
failed Bareilly, too, was subjugated. Khan Bahadur Khan was sentenced to death and hanged in the Kotwali on February 24, 1860.
The main conflict occurred largely in the upper Gangetic plain
and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh
, Bihar
, northern Madhya Pradesh
, and the Delhi
region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British East Indian Company power in that region, and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. Some regard the rebellion as the first of several movements over ninety years to achieve independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.
The population in 1901 was 1,090,117. Bareilly, also, was the headquarters of a brigade in the 7th division of the eastern army corps in British period.
रवि प्रभाकर फ़तेहगंज प0
and Shahjahanpur
on East and Rampur
on west, Udham Singh Nagar(Uttarakhand
) in North and Badaun in South. It is a level terrain, watered by many streams, the general slope being towards the south. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated, groves of noble trees abound, and the villages have a neat, prosperous look. A tract of forest jungle, called the tarai, stretches along the extreme north of the district, and teems with large game, such as tigers, bears, deer, wild pigs, &c. The river Sarda or Gogra forms the eastern boundary of the district and is the principal stream. Next in importance is the Ramganga
, which receives as its tributaries most of the hill torrents of the Kumaon mountains. The Deoha is another great drainage artery and receives many minor streams. The Gomati or Gumti also passes through the district.
and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from it and it lies in north of it.
The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,084 in 2011 compared to 878 of 2001. Total area under Bareilly district is of about 4,120 km2.
Average literacy rate of Bareilly city in 2011 were 84% compared to 81% of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 69.47 and 50.35 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 58.73 and 35.22 in Bareilly District. Total literate in Bareilly District were 2,297,158 of which male and female were 1,402,668 and 894,490 respectively. In 2001, Bareilly District had 1,387,124 in its total region.
With regards to Sex Ratio in Bareilly, it stood at 883 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 871. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.
In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Bareilly. There were total 669,681 children under age of 0-6 against 719,217 of 2001 census. Of total 669,681 male and female were 352,479 and 317,202 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 906 compared to 906 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 15.00 percent of Bareilly District compared to 19.88 percent of 2001. There was net change of -4.88 percent in this compared to previous census of India.
Bareilly District population constituted 2.24 percent of total Uttar Pradesh population. In 2001 census, this figure for Bareilly District was at 2.24 percent of Uttar Pradesh population.
The area under the city region is 123.46 km². The density of the population is among the high in the country touching 5000 per km2.
Hindus form 57% of population. The main population consists such as the Baniya, Punjabi
, Kayasth, Kurmi
, jatav
, deval Thakur
s, .
Muslims contribute 34%, mainly Ansari
, Behna
, Rohilla
, Rayeen
, Ranghar
and Shaikh
) of the population.
Sikh
s form about 10% of population and rest are
jain, buddhist and Christians.
The city consists of large number of people who were settled here after partition from Western Punjab along with the cities of Rudrapur, Delhi, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ambala, Dehradun & Haridwar.
Bareilly has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 74%, with 90% of the males and 77% of females literate making it under top three districts in terms of literacy in Uttar Pradesh. The main languages spoken are Hindi
, English
, Urdu
, Punjabi
, and Kumaoni.
For administrative convenience, the district of Bareilly has been divided into six tehsils namely Bareilly(Main), Aonla
, Faridpur
, Mirganj
, Nawabganj
, and Baheri
and 14 blocks.
The city has many arts and cultural organizations with many art galleries and theaters all around the city. The 'Craft Fair' organized each year at YugVeena Library serves as a platform for many artist to get recognition.
Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants from nearby region, Bareilly has a mix of different cultures including Brij culture (of Mathura), Awadhi culture (of Lucknow
), Pahaari culture of Kumaun region (Uttrakhand) and Harayanvi Culture (of North-West Uttar Pradesh). It is this blend of these culture that give the local culture a unique ting of everything. Bareilly also hosts lot of Fashion Shows to demonstrate the unique style blended with Cosmo trends.
Many Bollywood movie including 'Woh 5 Din', a suspense thriller, have been shot in Bareilly. The 2005 movie Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh
also makes a reference of Rajpal Yadav (Mitlesh)'s wife Veena (Rituparna Sengupta) being from Bareilly and he coming all the way to the city for the marriage.
Famous Bollywood actress and former Miss World
Priyanka Chopra
hails from the city.
Bareilly is known for its unique Seekh Kabaabs, which are sold across the old city by numerous small eateries. Minced meat (mostly beef) mixed with spices and aromatic herbs are grilled on skewers over charcoal of 'Imli(Tamarind)'. To locate a kabaab shop one has to follow his nose as the kabaabs are very aromatic and while grilled the aroma fills the entire area.
The city is represented in the various sports tournament by different local level club teams and teams representing schools and colleges. Although most have the colleges have their home grounds for practice sessions in their respective colleges.
s located inside a single premises. Fun City and Boond Water Park are the most famous hang-outs for most of the people of the City and nearby areas. The two facility attract a lot of tourists and visitors to the city everyday. The parks are located on the University Road and are well within the residential limits of the main city. The guest may purchase rides individually, either at the attraction's entrance or by purchasing ride tickets (or a similar exchange method, like a token
) or through the pay-one-price format, which charges guests a single, large admission fee. The guest is then entitled to use all or more often almost all of the attractions in the park as often as they wish during their visit. The park usually has some attractions that are not included in the admission charge; these are called "up-charge attractions" and includes go-kart tracks
and some other Water sports.
B. I. Bazar (H.A. HAKIM JI & SONS which was established in 1880, the oldest establishment of Bareilly today), Butler Plaza, Civil Lines, D.D. Puram Market and Vishal Mega Mart (located on the Patel Chowk - Choupla road) are considered to be a shoppers' paradise and great hang-outs.
Bareilly, also, have a plethora of other well-maintained parks including-
Many malls are under-construction in the city including
The present commercial complexes of the city include Butler Plaza, JJ Mall, Vishal Megamart, CL Mall (with showrooms of Adidas
, Weekender, Reebok
), Hind Talkies Building Market and Selection Point Tower.
Amrapali Multiplex Mall, situated in the Lohia Vihar residential Colony at 7-km. stone NH-24 (in C.B. Ganj), is a 5 storey mall accommodates all top brands of apparel, jewelleries, electronic gizmos, accessories, souvenirs, home products and departmental stores. It offers a convenient reach to the shoppers from around the city along with great architecture, rich aesthetics and great ambience. Its spacious and ample parking spaces gives shoppers the easy way to do heavy shopping with ease and comfort, free from heavy traffics and hustle and bustle of the city. It houses a 3- Screen Multiplex.
Amrapali Multiplex Mall is the fabulous mosaic of the measure itself, the use of beautiful lighting as well as music, water creates the structure in such a way which goes beyond one's imagination. The extensive use of the class offers the ambience charm to the surroundings and high visibility environment that showcases your brand to the best effect. Amrapali Multiplex Mall about 3,00,000 sq. feet along with hypermarket to cater almost daily need. Under this mall, household furnishing, sports, lounge, crockery, stationery, music, Flowers, Gifts, a list as endless as one desires. And what adds charm to this Amrapali Multiplex Mall for shopping is the retail bazaar that promotes both traditional and contemporary creativity and which also gives the designers to showcase their talent.
, (a type of fabric decoration),'Dari'(A common type of carpet use in most of the Indian houses),'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Manja
and Surma (Kohl (cosmetics)
.
'Luddhi Manja' (the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) thriving on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol
and glass is one of the specialties of the City. It is considered to be of a top notch quantity and is in demand in major towns (including Delhi and Mumbai) during Makar Sankranti and Independence Day
by the name 'Bareilly ka Manja'.
Sweltering summers in Bareilly can be tackled with the famous 'Deenanath ki lassi', a creamy preparation distinct in flavour from the Punjabi drink and with a heavy dose of essence prepared in-house. For those into lip-smacking kind of food, it's 'Chhotelal ki tikki' and 'Chaman ki chaat'.
. Bareilly, always has been a battle ground for the INC and the saffron parties. Regional parties like Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party have limited influence.
Bareilly had been a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party for 20 years(1989–2009). During this period both the Member of Parliament
(MP) and Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) was from the Bharatiya Janata Party
. Bareilly witnessed a strong emergence of Hindu nationalism
movement during the last two decades accompanied by the growth of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
, Vishva Hindu Parishad
and Bajrang Dal
in the region.
Here is a list of the MPs of the city-
Santosh Gangwar
is a prominent leader and former Member of Parliament
from the city of Bareilly
, who had been the M.P. for 20 years(1989–2009). He had been a former minister of state in Government of India, holding the portfolio of Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas with additional charge of Parliament Affairs in 13th Lok Sabha
minister of state in Government of India
. Prior to this, Shri Gangwar was Minister of State of Science & Technology with additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs from Oct. 1999 to Nov. 1999.
He was also the chief whip of the of Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) in 14th Lok Sabha
.
He faced defeat in the 15th Lok Sabha Elections, 2009 by a very narrow margin.
, Reebok
, Levi's. Reebok has also opened their Factory Outlet in Bareilly which is located at Pilibhit By-Pass Road. Nike
is to open an outlet soon. Accompanying these are all other well-known clothing, footwear and accessory brands which have their authorized show-rooms and commercial outlets in the 'Civil Lines areas' and 'D.D.Puram area' of the city.
Most of the major automobile companies like Toyota, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors
, Maruti Suzuki, General Motors
, Hyundai
, Honda, Lancer, Sodka, Nisar, Vokas Wagon have their showrooms and service centres in the city.
The Ahmedabad-based Ice-cream maker Vadilal has its manufacturing plant in Bareilly. The plant is the sole plant in Northern and Eastern India and caters to both the zones. Vadilal enjoys a 10-12% market share in the Rs 120-crore Delhi market and around 6-8% in the Rs 200-crore eastern market, which comprises territories such as Kolkata, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bihar.
HT Media Ltd has recently come out with a printing facilities in Bareilly, printing of its Hindi newspaper "Hindustan" starting October 10, 2009 and catering to the Rohilkhand area of western Uttar Pradesh comprising Bareilly, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur and Badaun districts. They also plan to start printing the local edition of their English Daily "The Hindustan Times" very soon.
The city also has its dedicated News Channel called the Alliance News Channel which broadcasts local news at different slots throughout the day.
The company now plans to extend the experiment but feels an enabling environment in terms of agri-laws and infrastructure facilities is required for the purpose.
The Lok Adalat try only those cases which were not presented in regular courts. Any aggrieved person can register his complaint as a case by presenting a simple application. The presiding officers would first try to settle the case by mutual understanding. If parties do not agree for mutual understanding, then the case would be decided on merit within 60 days. The most significant aspect of permanent lok adalats is that there would be no court fee or any type of fee and the verdict of the court would be final and one cannot appeal against that order in any court of the country. The verdict would have full recognition of a decree as it would be issued by a regular court.
Every lok adalat would have three judicial officials. These judicial officials register, admit and hear the cases for the permanent lok adalat. The head of the panel is the chairman, which is a retired district judge.
Today, this office deals with the issue of passport/travel documents to the citizens of 12 districts of Uttar Pradesh i.e. Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Pilibhit, Badaun, Moradabad, Rampur, Bijnor, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Firozabad, Kashi Ram Nagar, Etah & Mainpuri.
.
Nanital Road (including the Pilibhit Road) and Badaun Road also starts from Kutubkhana though Heavy Traffic is allowed on these roads only from 'Koharapeer Sabji-Mandi' and 'Chaupla Crossroads' respectively. Budaun Road is one of the most important road of the city due to Cantt. Area.
Major arterial streets includes the
The main "Inter-city Satellite Bus Stand" is located just outside the city on the intersection of National Highway 24 (India)
and Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)
). This is a new improvement over the cramped older Bus Stand located near Kotwali. The "Old Bus Stand" still serves much traffic and state owned buses starting from the city (towards Delhi).
An excellent truck
stationing and repairing facility known as "Transport Nagar" has also been developed on the Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)
), serving lorries and hauliers.
, the highway that connects Uttar Pradesh
's capital Lucknow
to New Delhi
via Shahjahanpur
, Bareilly, Rampur
, Moradabad
and Ghaziabad two corporations have been awarded separate projects to execute on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) toll basis for the National Highways Authority of India
(NHAI).
"IL&FS Transportation Networks Ltd (ITNL)" has bagged the 4-laning project of the National Highway 24 (India)
between Moradabad and Bareilly. The estimated cost of the project is Rs 1,267 crore. ITNL will undertake four laning of Moradabad - Bareilly (NH-24) from 148 km to 262 km entailing a length of 121 km.
Delhi-based Engineering firm 'Era Infra' has been awarded Rs 1,951 crore 4-laning project for the Bareilly -Sitapur
stretch by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Construction on the project has commenced and it is likely to be completed by 2013.
Bareilly is well connected by Rail
to New Delhi
- the Capital of India, Lucknow
- the Capital of Uttar Pradesh, Ahmedabad
, Jammu tavi
, Chandigarh
, Dehradun
, Kolkata
, Aligarh, Mathura, Kathgodam
(near Nainital) etc.
New Delhi
(just 250 km.), the capital of India, is an important Station near Bareilly from where trains to Mumbai
, Chennai
, Bengaluru
, Hyderabad and to most of the places in India are available.
(Military Trishul Air-base), located at on the outskirts of the city is used by officials to have infrequent flight links to New Delhi. Currently there is no commercial service from this airport. The airport at Pantnagar lies about 70 km from the city center, Pantnagar Airport has a direct flight to New Delhi operated by Kingfisher Airlines. Bareilly is also served by Indira Gandhi International Airport
(in New Delhi
)lying a little more than 250 km from City.
ern Uttar Pradesh
with multiple universities
and research institutes. Bareilly is a seat of M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
and it also hosts Indian Veterinary Research Institute
and Central Avian Research Institute.(in Izzatnagar
). The city holds numerous Engineering Colleges (Institute of Engineering & Technology, A Govt Engineering College at M.J.P.Rohilkhand University Campus), Management Colleges, Law Colleges, Medical Colleges, and also there are colleges running general courses. Bareilly College, located in the heart of city, is among the oldest educational institutions in India, built prior to the Revolt of 1857. It even has a historical importance.
Today, the institute with its deemed to be university status contributes immensely to human resource development in the discipline of veterinary sciences with skills and knowledge necessary for the challenges of the new millennium. It awards degrees to master and doctoral programmes in more than 20 disciplines of veterinary and animal sciences, livestock products technology, basic sciences and extension education. To impart continuing education to field veterinarians, the institute also conducts diploma courses in veterinary preventive medicine, animal husbandry, veterinary biological products, animal reproduction, poultry husbandry, medicine and surgery, zoo and wild animal health care and management, meat and meat products technology.
Its Head-quartered in Port Blair.
The institute is purely a Non-Profitable Organization and extending its facility to M.J.P. Rohilkhand University as a Teaching Learning LAB.The Institution is also holding some remarkable success stories.
At present there are 21 university departments,17 Government colleges, 29 Government funded affiliated colleges, 108 self- financing colleges. The University runs 36 Post Graduate, 15 under Graduate, 09 Diploma, 20 Post Graduate Diploma, 02 M.Phil and 34 Doctoral Programmes. In most cases syllabi are revised annually.
Some Pvt.Colleges in the city are -
Some Schools in the city are -
Bareilly is among one of the leading cities of Uttar Pradesh in terms of medical facilities, the city serves as a gateway to the patients of the Kumaun, Rohilkhand, and West Nepal region. In the vedic period Bareilly was famous for Ayurvedic treatment. The Ayurvedic practitioners of that period so much promoted the cultivation of Aonla, popularly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) at the outskirts of the Bareilly that entire area was later named as Aonla. Another town which is called Baheri these days was solely dependent on the cultivation of Teminalia Belerica - Bahera; and eventually was named on the plants grown here. Another famous town of Bareilly is Haroda that traditionally grown Harrada medicinal plants, scientifically known as terminalia chebula (also as Bal Harad, or Choti Harra). In the Medieval period the Muslim rulers promoted Ancient Unani treatment called Hikmat, Tibb or Tibia. Certain families became very famous for their diagnostic skills and were eventually awarded titles of Hakim-ul-Mulk (Doctor of the Country) by the Rohilla rulers.
During the British period initially nothing was done till late 1857. Suddenly on 14 May 1857 the great mutiny started here and entire Rohilla population rose against the Englishmen. As a result every day massive injuries and corpse collection dis balanced the administration. The city of Bareilly remained under revolutionary seize for almost an year. And after that began the punitive season. Hundreds of revolutionaries faced summary trials and after a brief medical examination all were hanged onto trees in the surrounding areas. Later they were again medically examined and handed over to the claimants. A makeshift medical examination facility was erected near Kotwali area in the city, with almost half a dozen sweepers to assist the medical examination process of the injured and the dead. Since the rebellion continued for long hence this temporary facility eventually got a tin shed medical dispensary soon.
For another fifty years this facility grew very slowly. With the spread of some infectious and contagious diseases later the administrators kept on adding this insignificant set up in such a way that it later served the wounded British officers and Sepoys during the World War II, then it had an emergency operation theater equipped with a portable Crookes X-ray machine to investigate fractures. However this costly X-ray diagnosis was available to only white officers and soldiers. Nothing much is known about the present District/Civil Hospital and its growth later. There is no recorded evidence available so far. Right now the city has two medical colleges, one dental college, one ayurvedic college. One More Medical college also shortly expected in association with "Clara Swain" or populary known as mission hospital.
Bareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the Jat Regiment
, which is an infantry
regiment of the Indian Army
, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947 and post independence five battle honour
s, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra
, 32 Shaurya Chakra
s, 39 Vir Chakra
s and 170 Sena Medal
s.
Trishul Air-base (Bareilly Airport
)
Bareilly has an air-base known as Trishul Air-base or Bareilly Airport
of the Indian Air Force
. The Trishul Air-base has a squadron of the state-of-the-art fighters, the Sukhois and the heptor squadrons.It is one of the important air bases located near CHINA border.
Others
Bareilly has regional Headquarters of Indo-Tibetan Border Police
(ITBP) and Border Security Force
(BSF).
) temples are situated on the city's four corners: the Alakha Nath, Trivati Nath, Madhi Nath and Dhopeshwar Nath temples.so bareilly called as nath nagri
The temple complex beyond the inner gate consists of several buildings with a kind of courtyard in the center. There are various shrines, big and small, some within buildings, some outside. Numerous devotees are going from one shrine to the next to make offerings and prayers. Animals of various kinds are around the place. Cows and goats are tethered, and behind one of the buildings is a camel.
and Dhrishtadyumna in the Mahābhārata
era. Both Draupadi
and Dhrishtadyumna were considered to be born by the grace of Lord Shiva.
It is located in the Bareilly Cantonment area. It is known for an Ancient Guffa (tunnel), which takes you to the idol of Lord Doopeshwarnath. The short tunnel is filed with knee high water and this makes the visit to the temple, somewhat, adventurous. It, also, houses a huge water pool at the centre of the complex.
There is a well in the Mandir campus made of Kanker.
Temple.
It is roughly 200 years old. Due to limited access, having no paved roads leading up to it, is frequented by fewer devotees than its more popular counterparts.
, the acclaimed writer of the Ramacharitamanas
, said to have been the re-incarnation of Valmiki
, the author of the Ramayana
, made this site his home sometime around 1600 CE.
at the time of independence in 1947, came to settle in Bareilly. These Hindu migrants built a small place of worship amongst some existing ruins but later discovered that the place belonged to Fazal-ul-Rahman, whose nickname 'Chunne Miyan'. He filed a claim against the illegal occupation of the land. Meanwhile, the proceedings of the temple continued. Once, HarMilapi ji Maharaj came from Haridwar to deliver a holy Sermon. Chunne Miyan was so impressed by his sermon that he decided not only to withdraw the case but also gave financial aid for the construction of the temple. Since then the temple is popularly known as chunne miyan's mandir' and is situated in the Katra maanrai region of Koharapeer.
Since last 60 years on the occasion of its establishment day, 108 Shri Ram CharitrManas Navahan Paath are held annually.
The campus has a Shiva Mandir with Narmadeshwar Shivling.Shri SitaRam Mandir is under construction just opposite Shri Hanuman Baba and praan pratistha is scheduled in January 2011.
Bareilly District
Bareilly district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. City of Bareilly is the district headquarters. The district consists of six tehsils. These are: Aonla, Baheri, City of Bareilly, Faridpur, Meerganj and Nawabganj. Bareilly district is a part of Bareilly Division....
in the northern India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. Standing on the Ramganga
Ramganga
Ramganga West river originates from Doodhatoli ranges in the district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand state of India. The river Ramganga flows to south west from Kumaun Himalaya. It is a tributary of the river Ganges, originates from the high altitude zone of 800m-900m. Ramganga flows by the Corbett...
river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division
Bareilly Division
Bareilly division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Bareilly is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently , the division consists of districts of* Bareilly District* Badaun District...
and the geographical region Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
. It is located 252 kilometres (157 mi) north of state capital, Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
and 250 kilometres (155 mi) east of national capital New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
.
A leading regional city, Bareilly is a powerful influence over regional commerce, finance, culture, art, fashion, research, education, and entertainment. It is also a center for the manufacture of furniture
Furniture
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
and for trade in cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, grain
Cereal
Cereals are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their grain , composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran...
, and sugar
Sugar
Sugar is a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose, characterized by a sweet flavor.Sucrose in its refined form primarily comes from sugar cane and sugar beet...
. The city's population in 2001 was 699,839. Geographically it forms the outer gateway to enter Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
State. The status of the city has been upgraded when its name was included in the "Counter Magnets" of National Capital Region
National Capital Region (India)
The National Capital Region in India is a name for the conurbation or metropolitan area which encompasses the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as urban areas ringing it in neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan...
(NCR) also including Hissar, Patiala, Kota and Gwalior. Bareilly is equidistant from New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
, the capital of India and Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
, the capital of Uttar Pradesh and thus has a lot of potential for setting up industries and to attract people to settle here.
According to the epic Mahābhārata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
, Bareilly region (Panchala
Panchala
Panchala is an ancient region of northern India, which corresponds to the geographical area around the Ganges River and Yamuna River, the upper Gangetic plain in particular. This would encompass the modern-day states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient times, it was home to a...
) is said to be birth place of Draupadi
Draupadi
In the epic Mahābhārata, Draupadi, also known as ' is the "emerged" daughter of King Drupada of Panchāla and the wife of the five Pandavas. When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the war, Draupadi becomes the queen of Indraprastha...
, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by kṛṣṇā (Lord krishna
Krishna
Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu...
). When Yudhisthira
Yudhisthira
In the great Hindu epic Mahabharata, Yudhisthira , the eldest son of King Pandu and Queen Kunti, was king of Indraprastha and later of Hastinapura. He was the leader of the Pandava side in the Kurukshetra War...
becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Siddhārtha Gautama was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian...
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly. In 12the Century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Kshatriya
Kshatriya
*For the Bollywood film of the same name see Kshatriya Kshatriya or Kashtriya, meaning warrior, is one of the four varnas in Hinduism...
Rajputs . With the Islamic Invasion the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. Later the region became the capitol of Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company
East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
(transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.
This fast-growing city is also known as Bans-Bareilly (Bansaldev & Baraldev). Though Bareilly is also a production center for cane (Bans) furniture, but it is just a coincidence. The name Bans Bareilly is not derived from its big bans (bamboo
Bamboo
Bamboo is a group of perennial evergreens in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family....
) market.It derived after the name of two prince named Bansaldev & Baraldev (Son of Local King). Bareilly is also famous by the names of "Nath Nagri" by the Hindus. The name Nath Nagri is derived out the presence of a lot of Lord Shiva Temples (Bhole Nath Temples) including Alakha Nath, Trivati Nath, Madhi Nath, Dhopeshwar Nath temples, Bankhandi Nath and Pasupati Nath. It is also famous for Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Fazil-e-Barelvi's Dargah all over the world and is also called "Bareilly Shareef" by Muslims.
The city is also famous for its Zari work
Zardozi
Zardozi or Zar-douzi work is a type of embroidery in Iran, India and Pakistan.-Iran:Zardozi is on of the most important elements of Persian cultural signs and Handicrafts. It is named around the country by names such Zar-douzi , Kam-douzi , Gol-douzi and Kaman-douzi...
(a type of embroidery or fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Surma (Kohl
Kohl (cosmetics)
Kohl is an ancient eye cosmetic. It was made by grinding galena and other ingredients. It is widely used in South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of West Africa to darken the eyelids and as mascara for the eyelashes...
and Manja. Manja
Manja (kite)
Manja , is the abrasive string used with fighter kites in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Chile, India, Nepal and Pakistan. It is gummed, coloured and coated with powdered glass. In Brazil, the mix of glue and powered glass is called "cerol"....
(the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) called 'Luddhi Manja'. This manja thrives on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol and glass, all in good quantity, that results in it being lethal should any other manja come in contact with it.
In recent past, Bareilly has given four eminent personalities- Waseem Barelvi (world renowned Urdu poet), Priyanka Chopra (former miss world and famous young Bollywood actor hailed from this city, Imran Khan (won a Gold medal in shooting in the 19th Commonwealth Games held in New Delhi) and Apoorv Agarwal.
The M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University is a public university in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. 154 colleges are affiliated to the university and approximately two lakh students enroll every year for examinations. The university has taken an overall perspective of development plan...
(1975) and Bareilly College
Bareilly College
Bareilly College, Bareilly is a prime college of M. J. P. Rohilkhand University located in Bareilly, Utter Pradesh, India. BCB established in 1837. In 1837 the college began with 57 pupils and Mr...
(1837) along with many private colleges and universities underline Bareilly's educational front. The Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
For the singular of Ivrit , see Jewish.Indian Veterinary Research Institute or IVRI is located at Izzatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh state. It is India's premier advanced research facility in the field of veterinary medicine and allied branches. It has campuses at Mukteshwar, Bangalore,...
(I.V.R.I.) and Central Avian Research Institute (C.A.R.I.) is located in the suburb of Izzatnagar
Izzatnagar
-Famous Attaractions:Izzatnagar is a place in Bareilly in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.#It is one of the Divisional Headquarters of North Eastern Railways.#Izzatnagar is also the location of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute ....
.
Panchala Kingdom
Bareilly Division
Bareilly division is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Bareilly is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently , the division consists of districts of* Bareilly District* Badaun District...
was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Uttara-Panchala
Panchala
Panchala is an ancient region of northern India, which corresponds to the geographical area around the Ganges River and Yamuna River, the upper Gangetic plain in particular. This would encompass the modern-day states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient times, it was home to a...
(Northern Panchala
Panchala
Panchala is an ancient region of northern India, which corresponds to the geographical area around the Ganges River and Yamuna River, the upper Gangetic plain in particular. This would encompass the modern-day states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient times, it was home to a...
).
The Kingdom
Panchala
Panchala is an ancient region of northern India, which corresponds to the geographical area around the Ganges River and Yamuna River, the upper Gangetic plain in particular. This would encompass the modern-day states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient times, it was home to a...
occupied the country (region) to the east of the Kuru Kingdom, i.e. between the upper Himalayas and the river Ganges
Ganges River
The Ganges or Ganga, , is a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. By discharge it...
. The country was divided into Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) and Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala).
The Uttara-Panchala (Northern Panchala) had its capital at Ahicchattra (also known as Adhichhatra and Chhatravati, near present-day Ramnagar village in Aonla
Aonla, Uttar Pradesh
Aonla is a city and a municipal board in Bareilly district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.-Geography:Aonla is located at . It has an average elevation of 237 metres .-Industry:IFFCO factory of Urea is located in Aonla...
region of Bareilly
Bareilly District
Bareilly district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. City of Bareilly is the district headquarters. The district consists of six tehsils. These are: Aonla, Baheri, City of Bareilly, Faridpur, Meerganj and Nawabganj. Bareilly district is a part of Bareilly Division....
, while Dakshina-Panchala (Southern Panchala) had it capital at Kampilya or Kampil
Kampil
Kampil is a town and a nagar panchayat in Farrukhabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located about 45 km from Farrukhabad, is a very important place from an historical and mythological point of view.-Ancient:...
in Farrukhabad district
Farrukhabad District
Farrukhabad district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Fatehgarh is the district headquarters. The district is part of Kanpur Division....
.
The names of the last two Panchala
Panchala
Panchala is an ancient region of northern India, which corresponds to the geographical area around the Ganges River and Yamuna River, the upper Gangetic plain in particular. This would encompass the modern-day states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient times, it was home to a...
clans, the Somakas and the Srinjayas are also mentioned in the Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
and the Puranas
Puranas
The Puranas are a genre of important Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religious texts, notably consisting of narratives of the history of the universe from creation to destruction, genealogies of kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, and descriptions of Hindu cosmology, philosophy, and geography.Puranas...
. King Drupada
Drupada
Drupada , also known as Yajnasena, is a character in the Mahābhārata. He is king of the land of Panchala.In his youth he studies with, and becomes a friend of Drona. Drupada makes him promise to share all his fortunes with him. Later, when Drupada becomes king of Panchaladesa, Drona reminds him...
, whose daughter Draupadi
Draupadi
In the epic Mahābhārata, Draupadi, also known as ' is the "emerged" daughter of King Drupada of Panchāla and the wife of the five Pandavas. When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the war, Draupadi becomes the queen of Indraprastha...
was married to the Pandava
Pandava
In the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Pandava are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu , by his two wives Kunti and Madri. Their names are Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva. Although, Karna is told by Lord Krishna that according to the laws and ethics he is the first son of Kunti making...
s belonged to the Somaka clan. However, the Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
and the Puranas
Puranas
The Puranas are a genre of important Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religious texts, notably consisting of narratives of the history of the universe from creation to destruction, genealogies of kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, and descriptions of Hindu cosmology, philosophy, and geography.Puranas...
consider the ruling clan of the northern Panchala as an offshoot of the Bharata
Bharata (emperor)
Bharata was a legendary emperor of India, and is referred to in Hindu and Jain mythology. He was son of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala and thus a descendant of the Lunar Dynasty of the Kshatriya caste. Bharata conquered all of greater Greater India, uniting it into a single entity which was named...
clan and Divodasa, Sudas, Srinjaya, Somaka and Drupada
Drupada
Drupada , also known as Yajnasena, is a character in the Mahābhārata. He is king of the land of Panchala.In his youth he studies with, and becomes a friend of Drona. Drupada makes him promise to share all his fortunes with him. Later, when Drupada becomes king of Panchaladesa, Drona reminds him...
(also called Yajnasena) were the most notable rulers of this clan.
Rule of Nanda, Maurya, Gupta and Maukharis Empire
The experiment in non-monarchical form of Government in Panchala was soon engulfed in the growing Magadhen imperialism - first under the Nandas and then under the Mauryas. The fall of the Mauryan empire saw the emergence of numerous small and independent states in the whole Ganga Valley. It saw a remarkable revival in the fortunes of Panchala which once again came to occupy a very significant position in the history of north India.Panchala emerges at this time as one of the strongest powers in India. About 25 kings who have ruled during this period have left behind thousands of coins. During the period between the fall of the Mauryas and the rise of the Guptas, the Panchalas had two phases of power - first the pre Kushana phase i.e. from C-150 BC to AD 125 and secondly a short period of fifty years after the fall of the Kushanas, which ended in CAD 350 when Panchala was assimilated in the Gupta empire by Samudragupta. Under the Guptas Ahichhatra was one of the provinces into which the Gupta empire was divided.
Evidence reveal that the Panchal coins were minted at Bareilly and the surrounding areas during 176 - 166 BC. Kushan and Gupta kings established mints in the region and this status was retained till the Christian era. Found at Ganga Ghati in abundance were the Adi Vigraha and Shree Vigraha coins of the Pratihara Kings that were minted here between the 4th to the 9th centuries. Dating to this period are also the silver coins — similar to those of Firoz Second — known as Indo-Sasanian. Later, the city's continued status as a Mint town since the beginning of the Christian era was helped by the fact that Bareilly was never a disturbed area. (except at the time of the Independence Struggle)
The amalgamation of several religious and popular beliefs may be observed throughout the history of Panchala in ancient India. In addition to being associated with the activities of pravahana Jaivali, Gargayayana, Uddalaka etc. responsible for giving a distinctive touch to the later vedic thought, the region was also a prominent centre of popular beliefs such as the cult of Nagas, Yaksas and Vetalas.
After the fall of the Guptas in the latter half of the 6th century the district of Bareilly came under the domination of the Maukharis. Under the emperor Harsha (606-47 AD) the district was the part of the Ahichhatra Bhukti.
Rise of Buddhism and Jainism
In the 6th Cent. BC, the Panchala was among one of the sixteen mehajanapadas of India. The city was also influenced by Buddha and his followers. The remains of Buddhist monasteries at Ahichhatra are quite extensive. The folklore says that Gautama BuddhaGautama Buddha
Siddhārtha Gautama was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian...
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.
The Jain tirthamkara Parshvanath is said to have attained Kaivalya at Ahichhatra. The echoes of the Bhagavates and the Saivas at Ahichhatrra can still be seen in the towering monuments of a massive temples, which is the most imposing structure of the site.
During Harsha's reign the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang also visited Ahichhatra about 635 AD.
The folklore says that Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Siddhārtha Gautama was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian...
had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahicchattra in Bareilly.
Medieval Period
After the death of Harsha this region falls under anarchy and confusion. In the second quarter of eighth century the district was included in the kingdom of Yashavarman (725-52 AD) of Kannauj and after him the Ayudha kings also Kannauj became the masters of the district for several decades. With the rise of the power of the Gurjara Pratiharas in the 9th century, Bareilly came under their sway. It continued under their subordination till the end of the tenth century.Mahmud of Ghazni gave a death blow to the already decaying Gurjara Pretihara power. After the fall of the Gurjara Pretiharas Ahichhetra ceases to remain a flourishing cultural centre of the region. The seat of the royal power was shifted from Ahichhatra to Vodamayuta or modern Badaun as the irrefutable evidence of Rashtrakuta Chief Lakhanpalas inscription shows.
After the fall of the Gurjara Pretihara, the City was under the rule of local rulers. In the twelfth century it was ruled by different clans of Rajputs referred to by the general name of Katehriyas (Kshatriya) Rajputs. The province was largely held by Rajputs of different clans such as Bachal, Gaur, Chauhan and Rathor. The tract of land forming the subah or province (of Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
) was formerly called Katehr/Katiher.
The Katehriyas are to be noted for their conspicuous role in persistently resisting the onslaught of the Delhi rulers till as late as the time of Akbar. The origin and the rise of the Katehar Rajputs in the region is a mystery and a matter of controversy.
At the beginning of the thirteenth century, when the Delhi Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
was firmly established, Katehr was divided into the provinces of Sambhal and Budaun. But the thickly forested country infested with wild animals provided just the right kind of shelter for rebels. And indeed, Katehr was famous for rebellions against imperial authority. During the Sultanate rule, there were frequent rebellions in Katehr. All were ruthlessly crushed. Sultan Balban (1266–1287) ordered vast tracts of jungle to be cleared so as to make the area unsafe for the insurgents.
The slightest weakening of the central authority provoked acts of defiance from the Katehriya Rajputs. Thus the Mughals initiated the policy of allotting lands for Afghan settlements in Katiher. Afghan settlements continued to be encouraged throughout the reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707) and even after his death. These Afghans, known as the Rohilla Afghans, caused the area to be known as Rohilkhand. This move by Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
emperor Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
Alamgir was aimed to suppress Rajput
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
uprisings, which had afflicted this region. Originally, some 20,000 soldiers from various Pashtun
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
Tribes (Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai
Ghilzai
Ghilzai are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also known historically as Ghilji, Khilji, Ghalji, Ghilzye, and possibly Gharzai...
, Barech
Barech
Bareach are a Durrani Pashtun tribe found almost exclusively in the district of Shorawak in southern Kandahar province. There appears to be little ethnographic literature on the Bareach beyond the observations of some 19th and early 20th century British civil and military personnel...
, Marwat
Marwat
Marwat مروت, refers to a Pashtun tribe, located primarily in Lakki Marwat District in the south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan as well the districts of Tank and Dera Ismail Khan...
, Durrani
Durrani
Durrani or Abdali is the name of a chief Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Originally known by their ancient name Abdali later as Durrani they have been called Durrani since the beginning of the Durrani Empire in 1747. The number of Durranis are estimated to be roughly 16%...
, Tanoli
Tanoli
The Tanoli are a Hazarewal tribe of the Tanawal valley, Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Although not usually acknowledged as Pashtuns, the Tanoli have to an extent assimilated many Pashtun cultural features and become Pashtunified. Tribally allied with the Pathans,. The...
, Tarin
Tareen
The Tareen are a prominent Sarbanri Pashtun tribe residing in Afghanistan and in Pakistan. They are one of the largest Pashtun tribes.-History:...
, Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...
, Khattak
Khattak
Khattak or Khatak , is the name of an Afghan tribe. speaking a variant of the Kandahari Pashto. They are accorded the status of being one of the original and true Afghans. The tribe is settled along the western bank of the river Indus from as north upwards as Sammah; modern day Lund Khwar & Sher...
, Afridi and Baqarzai) were hired by Mughals to provide soldiers to the Mughal armies and this was appreciated by Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
Alamgir, an additional force of 25,000 men was given respected positions in Mughal Army. However most of them settled in the Katehar region during Nadir Shah's invasion of northern India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
in 1739 increasing their population up to 100,0000. Due to the large settlement of Rohilla Afghans
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
, the Katehar region gained fame as Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
.
The city of Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Basdeo, a Katehriya Rajput. The city is mentioned in the histories for the first time by Budayuni who he writes that one Husain Quli Khan was appointed the governor of 'Bareilly and Sambhal' in 1568. The divisions and revenue of the district "being fixed by Todar Mal" were recorded by Abul Fazl in 1596. The foundation of the 'modern' City of Bareilly was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657. In 1658, Bareilly was made the headquarters of the province of Budaun.
The Mughal policy of encouraging Afghan settlements for keeping the Katehriyas in check worked only as long as the central government was strong. After Aurangzeb's death, the Afghans, having themselves become local potentates, began to seize and occupy neighboring villages.
Barech
Bareach are a Durrani Pashtun tribe found almost exclusively in the district of Shorawak in southern Kandahar province. There appears to be little ethnographic literature on the Bareach beyond the observations of some 19th and early 20th century British civil and military personnel...
tribe, Shah Alam and Husain Khan, settled in the region, bringing with them many other Pashtun settlers. It was with the immigration of Daud Khan, an Afghan slave (who originally hails from Roh in Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
) in the region that the Afghan Rohillas had come into prominence. His adopted son Ali Muhammad Khan succeeded in carving out an estate for himself in the district with his headquarter in the region. He was ultimately made the lawful governor of Kateher by the Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
emperor Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
Alamgir (ruled 1658-1707), and the region was henceforth called "the land of the Ruhelas." Eventually after the end of the Mughal Empire many Pathans migrated from Rohilkhand.
Bareilly as a ruined city became crowded with unemployed, restless Rohilla Pathans. Many urban cities in Uttar Pradesh were experiencing economic stagnation and poverty. Naturally, this led to heavy migration overseas to Suriname
Suriname
Suriname , officially the Republic of Suriname , is a country in northern South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname was a former colony of the British and of the Dutch, and was previously known as...
and Guyana
Guyana
Guyana , officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and of the British...
.
Meanwhile, Ali Muhammad Khan (1737–1749), grandson of Shah Alam, captured the city of Bareilly and made it his capital, later uniting the Rohilla
Rohilla
The Rohilla are a community of Hindi-speaking Pashtun also known as Pathan, historically found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in North India. Most are now also found in Pakistan where they are now part of the Mohajir community. At one time, they form one of the largest Pashtun diaspora community...
s to form the 'State of Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
', between 1707 and 1720, making Bareilly his capital. He rapidly rose to power and got confirmed in possession of the lands he had seized. The Emperor created him a Nawab in 1737, and he was recognised as the governor of Rohilkhand in 1740.
According to 1901 census of India, the total Pathan population in Bareilly District was 40,779, out of a total population of 1,090,117. Their principal clans were the Yusafzais, Lodis, Ghilzai
Ghilzai
Ghilzai are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also known historically as Ghilji, Khilji, Ghalji, Ghilzye, and possibly Gharzai...
, Barech, Marwat
Marwat
Marwat مروت, refers to a Pashtun tribe, located primarily in Lakki Marwat District in the south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan as well the districts of Tank and Dera Ismail Khan...
, Durrani
Durrani
Durrani or Abdali is the name of a chief Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Originally known by their ancient name Abdali later as Durrani they have been called Durrani since the beginning of the Durrani Empire in 1747. The number of Durranis are estimated to be roughly 16%...
, Tanoli
Tanoli
The Tanoli are a Hazarewal tribe of the Tanawal valley, Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Although not usually acknowledged as Pashtuns, the Tanoli have to an extent assimilated many Pashtun cultural features and become Pashtunified. Tribally allied with the Pathans,. The...
, Tarin
Tareen
The Tareen are a prominent Sarbanri Pashtun tribe residing in Afghanistan and in Pakistan. They are one of the largest Pashtun tribes.-History:...
, Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...
, Khattak
Khattak
Khattak or Khatak , is the name of an Afghan tribe. speaking a variant of the Kandahari Pashto. They are accorded the status of being one of the original and true Afghans. The tribe is settled along the western bank of the river Indus from as north upwards as Sammah; modern day Lund Khwar & Sher...
, Afridi and Baqarzai. Other important cities were Rampur, Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur is a municipal board, town and district headquarters of Shahjahanpur District in Uttar Pradesh, India.-History:During the reign of Shahjahan, Mughal forces demolished the city of Kant...
, Badaun
Badaun District
Budaun district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Budaun town is the district headquarters. Budaun district is a part of Bareilly division. The district covers an area of 5168 km²...
, and others.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas ....
Barech (1749–1774), whom he appointed h¹fiz or regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
on his deathbed. Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech extended the power of Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
from Almora
Almora
Almora is a municipal board, a cantonment town in the Almora district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Almora was founded in 1568.It is a town bustling with activity and a rich cultural heritage and history. It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of...
in the North to Etawah
Etawah
Etawah is a city on the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Etawah District. The city was an important center for the Revolt of 1857 . Also is the place of sangam or confluence between Yamuna and Chambal...
in the South-West.
Under Rahmat Ali Khan, Rohilla power continued to rise, though the area was torn by strife amongst the rival chieftains and continuous struggles with the neighbouring powers, particularly the Nawab Vazirs of Awadh, the Bangash Nawabs, and the Marathas.
The term Rohilla is derived from the Pashtu Roh, meaning mountain, and literally means a mountain air, and was used by the Baluch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....
and Jats of the Derajat
Derajat
Derajat meaning, 'Land of the Jats' or "Jat Land'. Derajat is a cultural region of central Pakistan, located in the region where the provinces of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab meet. Derajat is bound by the Indus River to the east and the mountains to the west...
region to refer to the Pashtun mountains tribes of Loralai
Loralai
Loralai is the principal city of Loralai District in the northeast of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. It was formerly known as Bori. It is four thousand seven hundred feet above the sea level....
, Zhob
Zhob
-Roads:Zhob is 333 kilometers from Quetta, 225 kilometers from Dera Ismail Khan. However, the road linking with Dera Ismail Khan is for most part fair nowadays track passing through water streams and almost complete road is metalloid....
and Waziristan
Waziristan
Waziristan is a mountainous region near the Northwest of Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11,585 km² . The area is entirely populated by ethnic Pashtuns . The language spoken in the valley is Pashto/Pakhto...
regions. The Rohilla
Rohilla
The Rohilla are a community of Hindi-speaking Pashtun also known as Pathan, historically found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in North India. Most are now also found in Pakistan where they are now part of the Mohajir community. At one time, they form one of the largest Pashtun diaspora community...
s and are men of a taller stature, a fairer complexion and a more arrogant air than the general inhabitants of the district. The Muslims in the area are chiefly the descendants of Yousafzai Afghans
Yousafzai
The Yūsufzai is one of the largest Pashtun tribes...
tribe of Pashtuns, called the Rohilla Pathans of the Mandanh sub-section, (but other Pashtuns also became part of the community), who settled in the country about the year 1720. Rohilla's Sardar
Sardar
Sardar is a title of Indo-Aryan origin that was originally used to denote feudal princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats. It was later applied to indicate a Head of State, a Commander-in-chief, and an Army military rank...
like Daud Khan, Ali Muhammad Khan, and Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas ....
Barech were from the Afghan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
tribe the Barech
Barech
Bareach are a Durrani Pashtun tribe found almost exclusively in the district of Shorawak in southern Kandahar province. There appears to be little ethnographic literature on the Bareach beyond the observations of some 19th and early 20th century British civil and military personnel...
, who were originally from the Kandahar Province
Kandahar Province
Kandahar or Qandahar is one of the largest of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in southern Afghanistan, between Helmand, Oruzgan and Zabul provinces. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, which is located on the Arghandab River. The province has a population of nearly...
of Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
. In Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, it was used for all Pashtuns, except for the Shia Bangash
Bangash
Bangash is the name of a Pashtun clan. The Bangash clan inhabit regions within the Federally Administered Tribal Areas , the Kurram Agency, the Miranzai Valley bordering the Samana Range, Naryab, Tirah, Kohat and Peshawar within the Sarhad province...
es who settled in the Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
region, or men serving under Rohilla chiefs. Rohillas were distinguished by their separate language and culture. They spoke Pashto among each other but gradually lost their language over time and now converse in Urdu.
Bishop Heber described them as follows: - "The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called sawars (cavaliers), who, though many of them are not worth a rupee, conceive it derogatory to their gentility and Pathan blood to apply themselves to any honest industry, and obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by sponging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of blackmail, or as hangers-on to the wealthy and noble families yet remaining in the province. These men have no visible means of maintenance, and no visible occupation except that of lounging up and down with their swords and shields, like the ancient Highlanders, whom in many respects they much resemble."
Rohilkhand (under Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas ....
Barech) was on the on the winning side at the Third Battle of Panipat of 1761 and successfully blocked the expansion of the Maratha
Maratha
The Maratha are an Indian caste, predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people;...
Empire into north India. In 1772 Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
was invaded by the Marathas; however the Nawabs of Awadh came to the aid of the Rohillas in repulsing the invasion. After the war Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula
Shuja-ud-Daula
Shuja-ud-Daula was the Subedar Nawab of Oudh from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775, and the son of Muhammad Nasir.Though a minor royal, he is best known for his key roles in two definitive battles in Indian history - the Third Battle of Panipat which ended Maratha domination of India, and the...
demanded payment for their help from the Rohilla
Rohilla
The Rohilla are a community of Hindi-speaking Pashtun also known as Pathan, historically found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in North India. Most are now also found in Pakistan where they are now part of the Mohajir community. At one time, they form one of the largest Pashtun diaspora community...
chief, Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech. When the demand was refused the Nawab joined with the British under Governor
Governor-General of India
The Governor-General of India was the head of the British administration in India, and later, after Indian independence, the representative of the monarch and de facto head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William...
Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings PC was the first Governor-General of India, from 1773 to 1785. He was famously accused of corruption in an impeachment in 1787, but was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1814.-Early life:...
and his Commander-in-Chief
Commander-in-Chief
A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
, Alexander Champion
Alexander Champion
Brigadier-General Alexander Champion was Commander-in-Chief, India.-Military career:Champion was commissioned into service for the British East India Company in 1768. He rose through the ranks and was appointed Commander-in-Chief, India in January 1774...
, to invade Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
. The combined forces of Shuja-ud Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh and the Company's forces led by Colonel Champion defeated Hafiz Rahmat Ali Khan in 1774.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech was killed in the ensuing battle at Miranpur Katra in 1774. His death finally closing the chapter of Rohilla rule.
Rohilkhand was handed over to the Nawab Vazir of Awadh. From 1774 to 1800, the province was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh. By 1801, the subsidies due under the various treaties for support of a British force had fallen into hopeless arrears. In order to defray the debt, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan surrendered Rohilkhand to the East India Company by the treaty of November 10, 1801.
During this period too, Bareilly retained its status as a mint. Emperor Akbar and his descendants minted gold and silver coins at mints in Bareilly. The Afghan conqueror Ahmed Shah Durani too minted gold and silver coins at the Bareilly mint.
During the time of Shah Alam II, Bareilly was the headquarters of Rohilla Sardar Hafiz Rehmat Khan and many more coins were issued. After that, the city was in possession of Awadh Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah. The coins that he issued had Bareilly, Bareilly Aasfabad, and Bareilly kite and fish as identification marks. After that, the minting of coins passed on to the East India Company.
The Rohillas, after fifty years' precarious independence, were subjugated in 1774 by the confederacy of British troops with the nawab of Oudh's army, which formed so serious a charge against Warren Hastings. Their territory was in that year annexed to Oudh. In 1801 the nawab of Oudh ceded it to the Company in commutation of the subsidy money.
Modern Period
After the Rohilla WarRohilla War
The First Rohilla War of 1773-1774 was a punitive campaign by Shuja-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh, against the Rohillas, Afghan highlanders settled in Rohilkhand, northern India...
, the change of the power structure did little to soothe the troubled strife torn area; rather the change had the effect to aggravate a precarious state of affairs. There was a general spirit of discontent throughout the district. In 1812, an inordinate enhancement in the revenue demand and then in 1814 the imposition of a new house tax caused a lot of resentment against the British. "Business stood still, shops were shut and multitudes assembled near the courthouse to petition for the abolition of the tax." The Magistrate, Dembleton, already an unpopular man made things worse by ordering the assessment to be made by a Kotwal. In the skirmish that took place between the rebel masses and the sepoys under Captain Cunningham, three or four hundred people died. In 1818, Glyn was posted as Acting Judge, and the Magistrate of Bareilly, and the Joint Magistrate of Bulundshahr.
In research ordered by Glyn asking Ghulam Yahya to write an account about 'craftsmen, the names of tools of manufacture and production and their dress and manners', eleven trades found out to be most popular means of livelihood in and around Bareilly in the 1820s were glass manufacture, manufacture of glass bangles, manufacture of lac bangles, crimping, gram parching, wire drawing, charpoy weaving, manufacture of gold and silver thread, keeping a grocer's shop, making jewellery and selling kab¹bs.
Bareilly (Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India.Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles...
) was a major centre during The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as India's First War of Independence). The Rebellion which began as a mutiny
Mutiny
Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly situated individuals to openly oppose, change or overthrow an authority to which they are subject...
of native soldiers (sepoy
Sepoy
A sepoy was formerly the designation given to an Indian soldier in the service of a European power. In the modern Indian Army, Pakistan Army and Bangladesh Army it remains in use for the rank of private soldier.-Etymology and Historical usage:...
s) employed by the British East India Company
East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
's army, against perceived race based injustices and inequities, on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions which were mainly centered on north central India along the several major river valleys draining the south face of the Himalayas [See red annotated locations on Map at right] but with local episodes extending both northwest to Peshawar
Peshawar
Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....
on the north-west frontier
North-West Frontier (military history)
The North-West Frontier was the most difficult area, from a military point of view, of the former British India in the Indian sub-continent. It remains the frontier of present-day Pakistan, extending from the Pamir Knot in the north to the Koh-i-Malik Siah in the west, and separating the...
with Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
and southeast beyond Delhi. Communal hatred led to ugly communal riots in many parts of U.P. The green flag was hoisted and Muslims in Bareilly, Bijnor, Moradabad, and other places the Muslims shouted for the revival of Muslim kingdom.
Hafiz Rahmat Khan
Hafiz Rahmat Khan was Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas ....
formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857 Indian revolt against British. There was a widespread popular revolt in many areas such as Awadh, Bundelkhand and Rohilkhand. The rebellion was therefore more than just a military rebellion, and it spanned more than one region.
During the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, Khan Bhadur Khan issued silver coins from Bareilly as an independent ruler. These coins are a novelty as far as the numismatist is concerned.
When the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to...
failed Bareilly, too, was subjugated. Khan Bahadur Khan was sentenced to death and hanged in the Kotwali on February 24, 1860.
The main conflict occurred largely in the upper Gangetic plain
Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern India. It lies on the alluvial plain of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, with an area of , covering most of the state of Uttar Pradesh and adjacent portions of Uttarakhand, Haryana, Madhya...
and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
, northern Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
, and the Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British East Indian Company power in that region, and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. Some regard the rebellion as the first of several movements over ninety years to achieve independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.
The population in 1901 was 1,090,117. Bareilly, also, was the headquarters of a brigade in the 7th division of the eastern army corps in British period.
रवि प्रभाकर फ़तेहगंज प0
Geography
Bareilly is located at 28°10′N, 78°23′E, and lies in northern India. It borders PilibhitPilibhit
Pilibhit |Hafizabad]]) is a city and a municipal board in the Pilibhit district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Pilibhit is the north-eastern most district of Bareilly division, situated in the Rohilkhand region of the sub-Himalayan Plateau belt on the boundary of Nepal, known for the origin...
and Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur is a municipal board, town and district headquarters of Shahjahanpur District in Uttar Pradesh, India.-History:During the reign of Shahjahan, Mughal forces demolished the city of Kant...
on East and Rampur
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Rampur is a city and a municipality located in Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Rampur district is located at Longitude 78-0-54 to 69-0-28 East and Latitude 28-25 to 29-10 North and spans an area of 2,367 km².It also gave its name to a former princely state of British...
on west, Udham Singh Nagar(Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
) in North and Badaun in South. It is a level terrain, watered by many streams, the general slope being towards the south. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated, groves of noble trees abound, and the villages have a neat, prosperous look. A tract of forest jungle, called the tarai, stretches along the extreme north of the district, and teems with large game, such as tigers, bears, deer, wild pigs, &c. The river Sarda or Gogra forms the eastern boundary of the district and is the principal stream. Next in importance is the Ramganga
Ramganga
Ramganga West river originates from Doodhatoli ranges in the district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand state of India. The river Ramganga flows to south west from Kumaun Himalaya. It is a tributary of the river Ganges, originates from the high altitude zone of 800m-900m. Ramganga flows by the Corbett...
, which receives as its tributaries most of the hill torrents of the Kumaon mountains. The Deoha is another great drainage artery and receives many minor streams. The Gomati or Gumti also passes through the district.
Environment
Bareilly is known to have moderate climate. The city lies entirely in the Ganges plains. The low-lying Ganges plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture. However, these some lower part of plains are prone to recurrent floods. Bareilly lies on the bank of river RamgangaRamganga
Ramganga West river originates from Doodhatoli ranges in the district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand state of India. The river Ramganga flows to south west from Kumaun Himalaya. It is a tributary of the river Ganges, originates from the high altitude zone of 800m-900m. Ramganga flows by the Corbett...
and there are seven rivers passing through this district. The lower Himalayan range is just 40 km from it and it lies in north of it.
Demographics
In 2011, Bareilly had population of 4,465,344 of which male and female were 2,371,454 and 2,093,890 respectively. There was change of 23.40 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Bareilly District recorded increase of 27.66 percent to its population compared to 1991.The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,084 in 2011 compared to 878 of 2001. Total area under Bareilly district is of about 4,120 km2.
Average literacy rate of Bareilly city in 2011 were 84% compared to 81% of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 69.47 and 50.35 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 58.73 and 35.22 in Bareilly District. Total literate in Bareilly District were 2,297,158 of which male and female were 1,402,668 and 894,490 respectively. In 2001, Bareilly District had 1,387,124 in its total region.
With regards to Sex Ratio in Bareilly, it stood at 883 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 871. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.
In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Bareilly. There were total 669,681 children under age of 0-6 against 719,217 of 2001 census. Of total 669,681 male and female were 352,479 and 317,202 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 906 compared to 906 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 15.00 percent of Bareilly District compared to 19.88 percent of 2001. There was net change of -4.88 percent in this compared to previous census of India.
Bareilly District population constituted 2.24 percent of total Uttar Pradesh population. In 2001 census, this figure for Bareilly District was at 2.24 percent of Uttar Pradesh population.
The area under the city region is 123.46 km². The density of the population is among the high in the country touching 5000 per km2.
Hindus form 57% of population. The main population consists such as the Baniya, Punjabi
Punjabi people
The Punjabi people , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ), also Panjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan group from South Asia. They are the second largest of the many ethnic groups in South Asia. They originate in the Punjab region, which has been been the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world including, the...
, Kayasth, Kurmi
Kurmi
The Kurmi are a Hindu agricultural Jāti in India.The group has been associated with the Kunbi, though scholars differ as to whether the terms are synonymous. In 2006, the Indian government announced that Kurmi was considered synonymous with the Kunbi and Yellam castes in Maharashtra...
, jatav
Jatav
Jatav , also called Jatia, Jatba in the Jammu region Jatoi, is the largest tribe of the Chamar caste in India.-Origin and etymology:...
, deval Thakur
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
s, .
Muslims contribute 34%, mainly Ansari
Momin Ansari
The Momin Ansari or Ansari, are a Muslim community, found mainly in West and North India, and the province of Sindh in Pakistan. A small number of Ansaris are also found in the Terai region of Nepal. The community were once known as al ansar, although the term is now obsolete. In North India, the...
, Behna
Behna
The Behna are a Muslim community, found in North India . In eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, they were known as Dhuna or Dhunia. They also known as Naddaf in South India and Pinjara in Gujarat and Rajasthan...
, Rohilla
Rohilla
The Rohilla are a community of Hindi-speaking Pashtun also known as Pathan, historically found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in North India. Most are now also found in Pakistan where they are now part of the Mohajir community. At one time, they form one of the largest Pashtun diaspora community...
, Rayeen
Rayeen
The Rayeen are a Sunni Muslim community and are found in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in India.Mostly educated and big cultivarors,Rayeen traces their origin from Syria Arabclaiming relationship with Pakistani landlord Rayeen Community....
, Ranghar
Ranghar
Ranghar are a Muslim ethnic group, which is found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states of India. Ranghar were native to Indian state of Haryana and also found in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as Delhi in India...
and Shaikh
Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh
The Shaikh are a Muslim community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are part of the larger Shaikh community of South Asia. Quite a few Shaikh have immigrated to Pakistan, where they form an important element in the Muhajir community...
) of the population.
Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
s form about 10% of population and rest are
jain, buddhist and Christians.
The city consists of large number of people who were settled here after partition from Western Punjab along with the cities of Rudrapur, Delhi, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ambala, Dehradun & Haridwar.
Bareilly has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 74%, with 90% of the males and 77% of females literate making it under top three districts in terms of literacy in Uttar Pradesh. The main languages spoken are Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
, Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
, and Kumaoni.
For administrative convenience, the district of Bareilly has been divided into six tehsils namely Bareilly(Main), Aonla
Aonla, Uttar Pradesh
Aonla is a city and a municipal board in Bareilly district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.-Geography:Aonla is located at . It has an average elevation of 237 metres .-Industry:IFFCO factory of Urea is located in Aonla...
, Faridpur
Faridpur, India
Faridpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bareilly district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. In the age of British Rule Ram Kumar Agrawal was the Jameendar and collector of this town. Presently Faridpur is famous for Jari work, Sarrafa .-Geography:Faridpur is located at...
, Mirganj
Mirganj, Uttar Pradesh
Mirganj is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bareilly district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.-Geography:Mirganj is located at . It has an average elevation of 170 metres .-Demographics:...
, Nawabganj
Nawabganj, Bareilly
Nawabganj is a city and a municipal board in Bareilly district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.There are forests nearby. The population of town is 30,000.-Demographics:...
, and Baheri
Baheri
Baheri is a town and a municipal board in Bareilly district in the state of Uttar pradesh, India.-History:It was a part/village of Kurmanchal kingdom of Kumaon....
and 14 blocks.
Culture and contemporary life
Entertainment and performing arts
Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants from nearby region, Bareilly has a mix of different cultures including Brij culture (of Mathura), Awadhi culture (of Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
), Pahaari culture of Kumaun region (Uttrakhand) and Harayanvi Culture (of North-West Uttar Pradesh). It is this blend of these culture that give the local culture a unique ting of everything. Bareilly also hosts lot of Fashion Shows to demonstrate the unique style blended with Cosmo trends.
Many Bollywood movie including 'Woh 5 Din', a suspense thriller, have been shot in Bareilly. The 2005 movie Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh
Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh
Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh is a 2005 Hindi film starring Rajpal Yadav, Rituparna Sengupta and Kay Kay Menon as the leading actors.It is a remake of the 1989 malayalam film Vadakkunokkiyantram...
also makes a reference of Rajpal Yadav (Mitlesh)'s wife Veena (Rituparna Sengupta) being from Bareilly and he coming all the way to the city for the marriage.
Famous Bollywood actress and former Miss World
Miss World
The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviving major international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951...
Priyanka Chopra
Priyanka Chopra
Priyanka Chopra is an Indian actress and former Miss World. Before starting her acting career, she worked as a model and gained fame after winning the Miss World title in 2000. She is often referred to by the nickname "Piggy Chops", which was given to her by co-stars on the set of the film...
hails from the city.
Cuisine
With a large food-loving population, Bareilly has many strange sounding, well-known eateries, which follow the age-old tradition of naming the cuisine after the creator. 'Deenanath ki lassi', 'Chhotelal ki tikki, Chaman ki chaat' and 'Tyagi Restaurant', are few along many age old established eat-outs.Bareilly is known for its unique Seekh Kabaabs, which are sold across the old city by numerous small eateries. Minced meat (mostly beef) mixed with spices and aromatic herbs are grilled on skewers over charcoal of 'Imli(Tamarind)'. To locate a kabaab shop one has to follow his nose as the kabaabs are very aromatic and while grilled the aroma fills the entire area.
Sports
Bareilly lacks high class infrastructure of sports. The city houses two sports stadiums and one cricket academy namely:- Dori Lal Agarawal Sports Stadium, City Area, Bareilly
- Major Dhyan Chand Sports Stadium, Cantonment Area, Bareilly
- Cricket Academy of Bareilly (CAB) Near MB Inter College Bareilly
- Brosid Cricket Academy, Near Mayur VanChetna, Philibhit Road, Bareilly
The city is represented in the various sports tournament by different local level club teams and teams representing schools and colleges. Although most have the colleges have their home grounds for practice sessions in their respective colleges.
Hang-outs and Parks
Bareilly has two World-class Amusement parkAmusement park
thumb|Cinderella Castle in [[Magic Kingdom]], [[Disney World]]Amusement and theme parks are terms for a group of entertainment attractions and rides and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people...
s located inside a single premises. Fun City and Boond Water Park are the most famous hang-outs for most of the people of the City and nearby areas. The two facility attract a lot of tourists and visitors to the city everyday. The parks are located on the University Road and are well within the residential limits of the main city. The guest may purchase rides individually, either at the attraction's entrance or by purchasing ride tickets (or a similar exchange method, like a token
Token coin
In the study of numismatics, tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of tokens is part of exonumia. Tokens are used in place of coins and either have a denomination shown or implied by size, color or shape...
) or through the pay-one-price format, which charges guests a single, large admission fee. The guest is then entitled to use all or more often almost all of the attractions in the park as often as they wish during their visit. The park usually has some attractions that are not included in the admission charge; these are called "up-charge attractions" and includes go-kart tracks
Go-kart
thumb|A [[Kart racing|racing kart]] at the [[Commission Internationale de Karting|CIK-FIA]] European Championship 2008A go-kart is a small four-wheeled vehicle...
and some other Water sports.
B. I. Bazar (H.A. HAKIM JI & SONS which was established in 1880, the oldest establishment of Bareilly today), Butler Plaza, Civil Lines, D.D. Puram Market and Vishal Mega Mart (located on the Patel Chowk - Choupla road) are considered to be a shoppers' paradise and great hang-outs.
Bareilly, also, have a plethora of other well-maintained parks including-
- Children's Park, Cantonment
- Phool Bagh, Cantonment
- Company Garden, Civil Lines
- C L Park, Prem Nagar
- Mayur Van Chetna Kendra, University Road
- Maharaja Agrasen Park, Rampur Garden
- Akshar Vihar
- Lichi bagh, Quila
- vatika (park)Rampur Bagh
- Mega Rolling Park, Super City
Many malls are under-construction in the city including
- Aditya Magnet (along with three-screen PVR - by 2011),
- Jewel of India Mall (Suncity Projects - by 2011),
- Big Apple Mall (Big Apple Real Estate - by 2011),
- Reliance StarCity (by 2012), J.J. mall (second).
- Unix Phoenix Mall (Uppal Group -by Early 2012)
- Back Bull Mall at Philibhit bypass near Maha Nagar.
The present commercial complexes of the city include Butler Plaza, JJ Mall, Vishal Megamart, CL Mall (with showrooms of Adidas
Adidas
Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, TaylorMade-Adidas golf company , and Rockport...
, Weekender, Reebok
Reebok
Reebok International Limited, a subsidiary of the German sportswear company Adidas since 2005, is a producer of Athletic shoes, apparel, and accessories. The name comes from the Afrikaans spelling of rhebok, a type of African antelope or gazelle...
), Hind Talkies Building Market and Selection Point Tower.
Amrapali Multiplex Mall, situated in the Lohia Vihar residential Colony at 7-km. stone NH-24 (in C.B. Ganj), is a 5 storey mall accommodates all top brands of apparel, jewelleries, electronic gizmos, accessories, souvenirs, home products and departmental stores. It offers a convenient reach to the shoppers from around the city along with great architecture, rich aesthetics and great ambience. Its spacious and ample parking spaces gives shoppers the easy way to do heavy shopping with ease and comfort, free from heavy traffics and hustle and bustle of the city. It houses a 3- Screen Multiplex.
Amrapali Multiplex Mall is the fabulous mosaic of the measure itself, the use of beautiful lighting as well as music, water creates the structure in such a way which goes beyond one's imagination. The extensive use of the class offers the ambience charm to the surroundings and high visibility environment that showcases your brand to the best effect. Amrapali Multiplex Mall about 3,00,000 sq. feet along with hypermarket to cater almost daily need. Under this mall, household furnishing, sports, lounge, crockery, stationery, music, Flowers, Gifts, a list as endless as one desires. And what adds charm to this Amrapali Multiplex Mall for shopping is the retail bazaar that promotes both traditional and contemporary creativity and which also gives the designers to showcase their talent.
Specialties
Bareilly is famous for its Zari workZardozi
Zardozi or Zar-douzi work is a type of embroidery in Iran, India and Pakistan.-Iran:Zardozi is on of the most important elements of Persian cultural signs and Handicrafts. It is named around the country by names such Zar-douzi , Kam-douzi , Gol-douzi and Kaman-douzi...
, (a type of fabric decoration),'Dari'(A common type of carpet use in most of the Indian houses),'Jhumka' - an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Manja
Manja (kite)
Manja , is the abrasive string used with fighter kites in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Chile, India, Nepal and Pakistan. It is gummed, coloured and coated with powdered glass. In Brazil, the mix of glue and powered glass is called "cerol"....
and Surma (Kohl (cosmetics)
Kohl (cosmetics)
Kohl is an ancient eye cosmetic. It was made by grinding galena and other ingredients. It is widely used in South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of West Africa to darken the eyelids and as mascara for the eyelashes...
.
'Luddhi Manja' (the glass powder coated kite flying and fighting string) thriving on a secret recipe of rice, fevicol
Fevicol
Fevicol is a brand of adhesives owned by the Indian company Pidilite. It is one of the largest selling adhesives brand in Asia.- Pidilite :The first white glue was introduced in India in 1959. The brand was originally launched as an easy-to-use glue for carpenters...
and glass is one of the specialties of the City. It is considered to be of a top notch quantity and is in demand in major towns (including Delhi and Mumbai) during Makar Sankranti and Independence Day
Independence Day
An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another nation or state, and more rarely after the end of a military occupation...
by the name 'Bareilly ka Manja'.
Sweltering summers in Bareilly can be tackled with the famous 'Deenanath ki lassi', a creamy preparation distinct in flavour from the Punjabi drink and with a heavy dose of essence prepared in-house. For those into lip-smacking kind of food, it's 'Chhotelal ki tikki' and 'Chaman ki chaat'.
Politics
The 15th Lok Sabha Election for the MP from Bareilly was won by Mr. Praveen Singh Aron of the Indian National CongressIndian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian...
. Bareilly, always has been a battle ground for the INC and the saffron parties. Regional parties like Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party have limited influence.
Bareilly had been a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party for 20 years(1989–2009). During this period both the Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(MP) and Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) was from the Bharatiya Janata Party
Bharatiya Janata Party
The Bharatiya Janata Party ,; translation: Indian People's Party) is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Indian National Congress. Established in 1980, it is India's second largest political party in terms of representation in the parliament...
. Bareilly witnessed a strong emergence of Hindu nationalism
Hindu nationalism
Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expressions of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of historical India...
movement during the last two decades accompanied by the growth of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or National Patriotic Organization), also known the Sangh, is a right-wing Hindu nationalist, paramilitary, volunteer, and allegedly militant organization for Hindu males in India...
, Vishva Hindu Parishad
Vishva Hindu Parishad
' , which is usually known more simply as the VHP, is an international Hindu organization, which was founded in India in 1964. Its slogan is "धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः Dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ", which is supposed to mean "Dharma protects its protector"...
and Bajrang Dal
Bajrang Dal
The Bajrang Dal , a hardline and militant Hindu organization in India, is the youth wing of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad and is based on the ideology of Hindutva. Founded on 1 October 1984 in Uttar Pradesh, India, it has since spread throughout India...
in the region.
Here is a list of the MPs of the city-
| Year(s) of Election Victory | Member of Parliament | Political Party |
|---|---|---|
| 1952, 1957 | Mr. Satish Chandra | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Mr. Brij Raj Singh | Jan Sangh |
| 1967 | Mr. Brij Bhushan Lal | Jan Sangh |
| 1971 | Mr. Satish Chandra | Indian National Congress |
| 1977 | Mr. Ram Murti | Janata Party |
| 1980, 1984 | Begum Abida Ahmed Begum Abida Ahmed Begum Abida Ahmed is an Indian politician, and the wife of the fifth President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed , who twice remained member of the Lok sabha from Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh in 1980 and 1984.-Early life:Born on July 17, 1923 at Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh to Mohammad Sultan Hyder... |
Indian National Congress |
| 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 | Mr. Santosh Kumar Gangwar | Bharatiya Janata Party Bharatiya Janata Party The Bharatiya Janata Party ,; translation: Indian People's Party) is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Indian National Congress. Established in 1980, it is India's second largest political party in terms of representation in the parliament... |
| 2009 | Mr. Praveen Singh Aron | Indian National Congress Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian... |
Santosh Gangwar
Santosh Gangwar
Santosh Gangwar is a former minister of state in Government of India and a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party . He had been the Member of Parliament from the city of Bareilly for 20 years...
is a prominent leader and former Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
from the city of Bareilly
Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)
Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 80 Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.-Assembly segments:Presently, Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency comprises five Vidhan Sabha segments...
, who had been the M.P. for 20 years(1989–2009). He had been a former minister of state in Government of India, holding the portfolio of Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas with additional charge of Parliament Affairs in 13th Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India...
minister of state in Government of India
Government of India
The Government of India, officially known as the Union Government, and also known as the Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of the union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India...
. Prior to this, Shri Gangwar was Minister of State of Science & Technology with additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs from Oct. 1999 to Nov. 1999.
He was also the chief whip of the of Bharatiya Janata Party
Bharatiya Janata Party
The Bharatiya Janata Party ,; translation: Indian People's Party) is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Indian National Congress. Established in 1980, it is India's second largest political party in terms of representation in the parliament...
(BJP) in 14th Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India...
.
He faced defeat in the 15th Lok Sabha Elections, 2009 by a very narrow margin.
Economy & Institutions
Since the period of Liberalization in India, Bareilly is one of the fastest growing cities in the region on account of its booming economy. Trade and commerce have flourished in the urban city and followed diversification, though the rural economy of the district is largely agrarian.Brands
Following the foray of Multi-national corporations in the city, a significant capital infusion and various investments have occurred throughout the city in different sectors. Bareilly, today, has most of the major global apparel brands including AdidasAdidas
Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, TaylorMade-Adidas golf company , and Rockport...
, Reebok
Reebok
Reebok International Limited, a subsidiary of the German sportswear company Adidas since 2005, is a producer of Athletic shoes, apparel, and accessories. The name comes from the Afrikaans spelling of rhebok, a type of African antelope or gazelle...
, Levi's. Reebok has also opened their Factory Outlet in Bareilly which is located at Pilibhit By-Pass Road. Nike
Nike, Inc.
Nike, Inc. is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, which is part of the Portland metropolitan area...
is to open an outlet soon. Accompanying these are all other well-known clothing, footwear and accessory brands which have their authorized show-rooms and commercial outlets in the 'Civil Lines areas' and 'D.D.Puram area' of the city.
Most of the major automobile companies like Toyota, Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors
Tata Motors
Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. Part of the Tata Group, it was formerly known as TELCO...
, Maruti Suzuki, General Motors
General Motors
General Motors Company , commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and the world's second-largest automaker in 2010...
, Hyundai
Hyundai
Hyundai ) is a global conglomerate company, part of the Korean chaebol, that was founded in South Korea by one of the most famous businessmen in Korean history: Chung Ju-yung...
, Honda, Lancer, Sodka, Nisar, Vokas Wagon have their showrooms and service centres in the city.
Industries
Bareilly houses a lot of Industries in the industrial zone called the Parsakhera Industrial Zone. Major Companies such as Coca- Cola, Camphor & Allied Products Ltd., Paras, Vadilal, Mercury and many others are present in the City.The Ahmedabad-based Ice-cream maker Vadilal has its manufacturing plant in Bareilly. The plant is the sole plant in Northern and Eastern India and caters to both the zones. Vadilal enjoys a 10-12% market share in the Rs 120-crore Delhi market and around 6-8% in the Rs 200-crore eastern market, which comprises territories such as Kolkata, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bihar.
Media
A lot of Hindi Newspapers including Dainik Jagran, Achuk Shabd, Hindustan, Amar Ujala, Aaj,Dev prakash Inquilab are printed in the city. Various English Newspapers including the The Times of India, The Hindu, Hindustan Times, The Economic Times can be found on the stalls at around 7 a.m. as they are published in the Delhi NCR and sent to the city.HT Media Ltd has recently come out with a printing facilities in Bareilly, printing of its Hindi newspaper "Hindustan" starting October 10, 2009 and catering to the Rohilkhand area of western Uttar Pradesh comprising Bareilly, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur and Badaun districts. They also plan to start printing the local edition of their English Daily "The Hindustan Times" very soon.
The city also has its dedicated News Channel called the Alliance News Channel which broadcasts local news at different slots throughout the day.
- FM stations in Bareilly:
| Radio Station (F.M.) | Frequency | Owner |
|---|---|---|
| Radio Mantra | 91.9 MHz | Jagran Group |
| Big 92.7 FM | 92.7 MHz | A.D.A.G. Group |
| FM Prasaar Bharti | 100.4 MHz | All India Radio |
Agriculture
Bareilly is, traditionally, a wheat growing belt of Bareilly. Though corporate giant Hindustan Unilever has undertaken contract farming of rice in Bareilly and Punjab and its success has ensured low-cost, better-quality produce for its products.The company now plans to extend the experiment but feels an enabling environment in terms of agri-laws and infrastructure facilities is required for the purpose.
Electricity
In 2009, Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) moved a step ahead in implementing the franchisee system in the power sector of the state. Under the new system, private players will be awarded contract to maintain and supply power in nine cities of the state. The same companies will be the outsource points for collecting revenue on behalf of the state government. The system will be implemented in nine cities of the state on a pilot basis. Bareilly, Agra, Kanpur, Moradabad and Gorakhpur will be covered in the first phase.Fuel
The Indian government initiated the ten per cent ethanol-blending programme on a pilot basis in two districts - Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh and Belgaum in Karnataka. Bareilly also has CNG and Auto-LPG outlets operated by Satya Service station owned by Hon. Shri Raj Kumar Agarwal, first mayor of the city. Bareilly became the first district in India to implement Bio-fuel norms.Lok Adalat
The state government has constituted permanent Lok Adalat in Bareilly which hears cases related to disputes pertaining to services like postal, telephone, power, light and water, medical, insurance, transport and public sanitation and hygiene etc.The Lok Adalat try only those cases which were not presented in regular courts. Any aggrieved person can register his complaint as a case by presenting a simple application. The presiding officers would first try to settle the case by mutual understanding. If parties do not agree for mutual understanding, then the case would be decided on merit within 60 days. The most significant aspect of permanent lok adalats is that there would be no court fee or any type of fee and the verdict of the court would be final and one cannot appeal against that order in any court of the country. The verdict would have full recognition of a decree as it would be issued by a regular court.
Every lok adalat would have three judicial officials. These judicial officials register, admit and hear the cases for the permanent lok adalat. The head of the panel is the chairman, which is a retired district judge.
Passport Office
The Passport Office, Bareilly was created in 1983 as a subordinate office of Ministry of External Affairs under the supervision of Central Passport Organization. The issue of passport is a central subject under the Indian Constitution and allotted to the Ministry of External Affairs, Initially Passport Office, Bareilly was catering to the needs of residents of the State of Uttrakhand and 24 Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh. Separate passport Office for the residents of Meerut, Aligarh and Agra Division was opened in the year 1997 at Ghaziabad on bifurcation of this office. Again the office bifurcated and another passport office at Dehradun was opened in June 2008 for the residents of the State of Uttrakhand.Today, this office deals with the issue of passport/travel documents to the citizens of 12 districts of Uttar Pradesh i.e. Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Pilibhit, Badaun, Moradabad, Rampur, Bijnor, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Firozabad, Kashi Ram Nagar, Etah & Mainpuri.
Road
The street system in Bareilly is laid out in a traditional unplanned system, with most roads oriented towards different cities. The zero point is the intersection of Nainital Road and Bada Bazaar - Shyamganj Road at a crossroad called "Kutubkhana". Kutubkhana is a congested street and the entry of cars or heavy vehicles is barred in the day time. A person can always take the Patel Chowk - Chaupla Road or the Chowki Chauraha - Chaupla Road to go from the Lucknow Road to the Delhi Road National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
.
Nanital Road (including the Pilibhit Road) and Badaun Road also starts from Kutubkhana though Heavy Traffic is allowed on these roads only from 'Koharapeer Sabji-Mandi' and 'Chaupla Crossroads' respectively. Budaun Road is one of the most important road of the city due to Cantt. Area.
Major arterial streets includes the
- Stadium Road (connecting Pilibhit Road (D.D. Puram) to ShyamGanj crossroad),
- Macnair Road (connecting Nanital Road to Stadium Road),
- Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)National Highway 74 (India)National Highways 74 is a National Highway in Northern India. NH 74 connects Haridwar in Uttranchal with Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh via Pilibhit. Starting from NH 58 in Haridwar it runs southeast and ends at Bareilly at NH 24. The total length of NH 74 is .- Route :NH 74 passes through Nagina,...
) connecting Pilibhit Road to Lucknow Road National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
, - Mini By-Pass (connecting Delhi Road National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
to Nainital Road) - Shyam Ganj - Patel Chowk - Chaupla - Quila - C.B. Ganj Road (National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
) - Shyam Ganj - Bareilly Cantt. - Chowki Chauraha - Chaupla Road
- I.V.R.I. Road (connecting Nanital Road to Pilibhit Road)
The main "Inter-city Satellite Bus Stand" is located just outside the city on the intersection of National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
and Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)
National Highway 74 (India)
National Highways 74 is a National Highway in Northern India. NH 74 connects Haridwar in Uttranchal with Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh via Pilibhit. Starting from NH 58 in Haridwar it runs southeast and ends at Bareilly at NH 24. The total length of NH 74 is .- Route :NH 74 passes through Nagina,...
). This is a new improvement over the cramped older Bus Stand located near Kotwali. The "Old Bus Stand" still serves much traffic and state owned buses starting from the city (towards Delhi).
An excellent truck
Truck
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile...
stationing and repairing facility known as "Transport Nagar" has also been developed on the Pilibhit By-pass Road (National Highway 74 (India)
National Highway 74 (India)
National Highways 74 is a National Highway in Northern India. NH 74 connects Haridwar in Uttranchal with Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh via Pilibhit. Starting from NH 58 in Haridwar it runs southeast and ends at Bareilly at NH 24. The total length of NH 74 is .- Route :NH 74 passes through Nagina,...
), serving lorries and hauliers.
Four-Laning Projects
As a part of the Four-laning of the National Highway 24 (India)National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
, the highway that connects Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
's capital Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
to New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
via Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur
Shahjahanpur is a municipal board, town and district headquarters of Shahjahanpur District in Uttar Pradesh, India.-History:During the reign of Shahjahan, Mughal forces demolished the city of Kant...
, Bareilly, Rampur
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Rampur is a city and a municipality located in Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Rampur district is located at Longitude 78-0-54 to 69-0-28 East and Latitude 28-25 to 29-10 North and spans an area of 2,367 km².It also gave its name to a former princely state of British...
, Moradabad
Moradabad
Moradabad is a city and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1600 by prince Murad, the son of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan; as a result the city came to be known as Moradabad. It is the administrative headquarters of...
and Ghaziabad two corporations have been awarded separate projects to execute on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) toll basis for the National Highways Authority of India
National Highways Authority of India
The National Highways Authority of India is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, responsible for management of a network of over 60,000 km of National Highways in India...
(NHAI).
"IL&FS Transportation Networks Ltd (ITNL)" has bagged the 4-laning project of the National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 (India)
National Highway 24 or NH 24 is a National Highway in India that connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length....
between Moradabad and Bareilly. The estimated cost of the project is Rs 1,267 crore. ITNL will undertake four laning of Moradabad - Bareilly (NH-24) from 148 km to 262 km entailing a length of 121 km.
Delhi-based Engineering firm 'Era Infra' has been awarded Rs 1,951 crore 4-laning project for the Bareilly -Sitapur
Sitapur
Sitapur formerly spelled as Citapore is a town and a municipal board in Sitapur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is in the Lucknow Division of Uttar Pradesh...
stretch by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Construction on the project has commenced and it is likely to be completed by 2013.
Proposed Bareilly Bypass Road
Due to the traffic constrains in the city a 'Bareilly Bypass' is has been cleared which is going to form the semi-circle of the proposed 'Ring Road' around Bareilly. The Union ministry of shipping, road transport and highways has cleared land acquisition for the construction of the Bareilly Bypass. A consultant has been appointed for preparing the detailed project report for the bypass. The construction of the bypass and six railway over bridges is part of NHDP Phase-III. This section would be built on BOT basis.Railway
Currently, six railway stations serve the city -- Bareilly Junction (serving both the Broad and Standard gauge),
- C.B. Ganj Station (serving the Broad gauge),
- Chenheti Station (serving the Broad gauge),
- City Station (serving the Standard gauge),
- Izzatnagar Station (serving the Standard gauge).
- Bhojipura Station (serving the Standard gauge)
Bareilly is well connected by Rail
Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on...
to New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
- the Capital of India, Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
- the Capital of Uttar Pradesh, Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad also known as Karnavati is the largest city in Gujarat, India. It is the former capital of Gujarat and is also the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court has its seat in Ahmedabad...
, Jammu tavi
Jammu tavi
Jammu tawi is a town located in Jammu and Kashmir, India.-See also:* Jammu* Nagrota* Talab Tillo* Samba, Jammu* Kathua* Jammu Cantonment* Hiranagar* Akhnoor...
, Chandigarh
Chandigarh
Chandigarh is a union territory of India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city...
, Dehradun
Dehradun
- Geography :The Dehradun district has various types of physical geography from Himalayan mountains to Plains. Raiwala is the lowest point at 315 meters above sea level, and the highest points are within the Tiuni hills, rising to 3700 m above sea level...
, Kolkata
Howdah
A howdah, or houdah, also known as hathi howdah, is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare...
, Aligarh, Mathura, Kathgodam
Kathgodam
Kathgodam is a town in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand state of India. It is part of the twin township of Haldwani-Kathgodam , and is immediately north of Haldwani.-History:...
(near Nainital) etc.
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
(just 250 km.), the capital of India, is an important Station near Bareilly from where trains to Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
, Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
, Bengaluru
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
, Hyderabad and to most of the places in India are available.
Air
The Bareilly AirportBareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport also known as Bareilly Air Force Station or Trishul Air Base , is a military airbase and public airport serving the city of Bareilly, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The air force station is one of the largest airbases of the Indian Air Force . It is part of Central Air...
(Military Trishul Air-base), located at on the outskirts of the city is used by officials to have infrequent flight links to New Delhi. Currently there is no commercial service from this airport. The airport at Pantnagar lies about 70 km from the city center, Pantnagar Airport has a direct flight to New Delhi operated by Kingfisher Airlines. Bareilly is also served by Indira Gandhi International Airport
Indira Gandhi International Airport
Indira Gandhi International Airport is the primary international airport of the National Capital Region of Delhi, India, situated in West Delhi, 16 km southwest of New Delhi city centre. Named after Indira Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, it is the busiest airport in India in...
(in New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
)lying a little more than 250 km from City.
Intra-city
- The city is also served by private but unregulated auto rickshawAuto rickshawAn auto rickshaw or three-wheeler is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw...
s and cycle rickshawCycle rickshawThe cycle rickshaw is a small-scale local means of transport; it is also known by a variety of other names such as velotaxi, pedicab, bikecab, cyclo, becak, trisikad, or trishaw or, simply, rickshaw which also refers to auto rickshaws, and the, now uncommon, rickshaws pulled by a person on foot...
s.
Education
Bareilly is an educational hub of WestWest
West is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography.West is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of east and is perpendicular to north and south.By convention, the left side of a map is west....
ern Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
with multiple universities
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
and research institutes. Bareilly is a seat of M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
M. J. P. Rohilkhand University
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University is a public university in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. 154 colleges are affiliated to the university and approximately two lakh students enroll every year for examinations. The university has taken an overall perspective of development plan...
and it also hosts Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
For the singular of Ivrit , see Jewish.Indian Veterinary Research Institute or IVRI is located at Izzatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh state. It is India's premier advanced research facility in the field of veterinary medicine and allied branches. It has campuses at Mukteshwar, Bangalore,...
and Central Avian Research Institute.(in Izzatnagar
Izzatnagar
-Famous Attaractions:Izzatnagar is a place in Bareilly in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.#It is one of the Divisional Headquarters of North Eastern Railways.#Izzatnagar is also the location of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute ....
). The city holds numerous Engineering Colleges (Institute of Engineering & Technology, A Govt Engineering College at M.J.P.Rohilkhand University Campus), Management Colleges, Law Colleges, Medical Colleges, and also there are colleges running general courses. Bareilly College, located in the heart of city, is among the oldest educational institutions in India, built prior to the Revolt of 1857. It even has a historical importance.
Research Institutes
There are two Central Research Institutes and one for the Persons with Disabilities in the city-Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Established in 1889, the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) is one of the premier research institutions dedicated to livestock research and development of the region. The institute with faculty strength of more than 275 has a major mandate of research, teaching, consultancy and technology transfer activities.The institute with its long scientific heritage has always enjoyed a certain prestige, a tradition all of its own. The institute imparts quality post-graduate education to students not only from various parts of the country, but also from overseas. Currently Dr.M.C.Sharma who hails from Bareilly itself is the director of this national institute.Today, the institute with its deemed to be university status contributes immensely to human resource development in the discipline of veterinary sciences with skills and knowledge necessary for the challenges of the new millennium. It awards degrees to master and doctoral programmes in more than 20 disciplines of veterinary and animal sciences, livestock products technology, basic sciences and extension education. To impart continuing education to field veterinarians, the institute also conducts diploma courses in veterinary preventive medicine, animal husbandry, veterinary biological products, animal reproduction, poultry husbandry, medicine and surgery, zoo and wild animal health care and management, meat and meat products technology.
Central Avian Research Institute
India's national research institute on poultry science provides information on research, education and extension for the Indian poultry industry.Its Head-quartered in Port Blair.
Jeevandhara Rehabilitation and Research Institute
Jeevandhara Rehabilitation and Research Institute (JDRRI)is one of the famous and one of its type institute serving to the persons and Children with Disabilities. The Institute is working mainly for-- Children with Hearing Impairment
- Children with Mental Retardation
The institute is purely a Non-Profitable Organization and extending its facility to M.J.P. Rohilkhand University as a Teaching Learning LAB.The Institution is also holding some remarkable success stories.
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly came into existence in 1975. It was carved out of the then Agra University. There was a dire need to establish a separate university since the region has a lower literacy rate than the national average. The University imparts non-conventional, professional and technical education through its network of colleges and institutes. It has, over the period, emerged as a pioneering institution in the state of Uttar Pradesh.At present there are 21 university departments,17 Government colleges, 29 Government funded affiliated colleges, 108 self- financing colleges. The University runs 36 Post Graduate, 15 under Graduate, 09 Diploma, 20 Post Graduate Diploma, 02 M.Phil and 34 Doctoral Programmes. In most cases syllabi are revised annually.
Invertis University
A private university. It houses Management college and provides many other courses like. B.tech, BBA,BCA,M.B.A,M.C.A.,MBBS,LAW etc.(False info - no MBBS.--Nikunj.mend (talk) 19:28, 12 November 2011 (UTC),Contact)Schools and Colleges
Government Engineering College -- Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly
Some Pvt.Colleges in the city are -
- Khandelwal College of Management Science and Technology, Bareilly
- Khandelwal College of Architecture and Design,Bareilly
- Prem Prakash Gupta Institute Of Engineering, Bareily
- Prem Prakash Gupta Institute of Management, Bareilly
- Rakshpal Bahadur College of Management, Engineering & Technology, Bareilly.
- Institute Of Dental SciencesInstitute Of Dental Sciences BareillyThe Institute Of Dental Sciences Bareilly commonly called IDS Bareilly, is a dental college located in the city Bareilly, India. It is affiliated to M.J.P.Rohilkhand University, Bareilly...
, Pilibhit Road - Rohilkhand Medical College, Pilibhit Road
- Sri Ram Murti Smarak Medical & Engineering College
- Invertis Institute Of Management, Engineering & Technology
- Shri Siddhi Vinayak Group of Institutions, Nainital Road, Bareilly.
- Prem Prakash Gupta Institute of Engineering/Management, Bareilly.
- NICE College, Bareilly
- Future group of institutions for engineering and management, Lucknow Road
- Mascot Institute of Management, Bareilly
- DSR College of Polytechnic, Baheri, Bareilly
Some Schools in the city are -
- Hartmann CollegeHartmann CollegeHartmann College is a co-educational convent institution in Izzatnagar, Bareilly, India, run by the Christian Catholic Minority and recognized by the Department of Education...
, IzzatnagarIzzatnagar-Famous Attaractions:Izzatnagar is a place in Bareilly in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.#It is one of the Divisional Headquarters of North Eastern Railways.#Izzatnagar is also the location of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute ....
- Air Force School, Air Force Station Izzatnagar
- Vidya Bhavans Public School, Pilibhit Road
- G.R.M. Senior Secondary School, Nainital Road
- Bishop Conrad Senior Secondary school, Cantt
- St. Maria Gorretti Girls College, Cantt
- St. Francis Convet School, Pilibhit Road
- Bishop Conrad Sr. Sec. School
- KV Air Force Station, Pilibhit Road
- G.P.M. College, Civil Lines
- Radha Madhav Public School, Bisalpur Road
- Delhi Public School, Delhi Road
- BBL Public School, Nainital Roadhttp://www.bblschool.com/
- Sri Gulab Rai Inter College
- Govt. Inter College
- Govt. Girls Inter College
- Jay Narayan Inter College, University Road
- Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Nainital Road
- Vishnu Inter College
- Alma Mater Day Boarding School, Kurmanchal Nagar
- Fazal ur Rehmaan Islamia Girls & Boys Inter College
- Manohar Bhushan Intermediate College Gulabrai
- Tilak Inter College
- Dr.Sushila Girish Girils Inter College,Bankey ki Chawni,Izzatnagar
- Government Girls Inter College
- Harrow School, D.D puram
- Sprindale School
- Bishop Mondal Inter College
- Ram Bharosay Lal Girls Inter college
- St. Andrew's High School
- Woodrow Senior Secondry School
- St. Paul's Convent School, Defence Colony, Izatnagar
- Bedi International School, Pilibhit Bypass road.
Health care
Conventional treatmentBareilly is among one of the leading cities of Uttar Pradesh in terms of medical facilities, the city serves as a gateway to the patients of the Kumaun, Rohilkhand, and West Nepal region. In the vedic period Bareilly was famous for Ayurvedic treatment. The Ayurvedic practitioners of that period so much promoted the cultivation of Aonla, popularly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) at the outskirts of the Bareilly that entire area was later named as Aonla. Another town which is called Baheri these days was solely dependent on the cultivation of Teminalia Belerica - Bahera; and eventually was named on the plants grown here. Another famous town of Bareilly is Haroda that traditionally grown Harrada medicinal plants, scientifically known as terminalia chebula (also as Bal Harad, or Choti Harra). In the Medieval period the Muslim rulers promoted Ancient Unani treatment called Hikmat, Tibb or Tibia. Certain families became very famous for their diagnostic skills and were eventually awarded titles of Hakim-ul-Mulk (Doctor of the Country) by the Rohilla rulers.
During the British period initially nothing was done till late 1857. Suddenly on 14 May 1857 the great mutiny started here and entire Rohilla population rose against the Englishmen. As a result every day massive injuries and corpse collection dis balanced the administration. The city of Bareilly remained under revolutionary seize for almost an year. And after that began the punitive season. Hundreds of revolutionaries faced summary trials and after a brief medical examination all were hanged onto trees in the surrounding areas. Later they were again medically examined and handed over to the claimants. A makeshift medical examination facility was erected near Kotwali area in the city, with almost half a dozen sweepers to assist the medical examination process of the injured and the dead. Since the rebellion continued for long hence this temporary facility eventually got a tin shed medical dispensary soon.
For another fifty years this facility grew very slowly. With the spread of some infectious and contagious diseases later the administrators kept on adding this insignificant set up in such a way that it later served the wounded British officers and Sepoys during the World War II, then it had an emergency operation theater equipped with a portable Crookes X-ray machine to investigate fractures. However this costly X-ray diagnosis was available to only white officers and soldiers. Nothing much is known about the present District/Civil Hospital and its growth later. There is no recorded evidence available so far. Right now the city has two medical colleges, one dental college, one ayurvedic college. One More Medical college also shortly expected in association with "Clara Swain" or populary known as mission hospital.
Communication networks
One can find services of most Tele-communication Network provider in Bareilly. Bareilly lies at the eastern boundary of "Uttar Pradesh West telecom Circle" and thus even calls to neighhouring districts including Shahjahanpur and beyond are considered long-distance and STD rates are applicable. However, calls in "U.P. West and Uttarakhand telecom circle" are considered local and thus local charges are applicable.- Wireless communication networks (GSM):
- Idea Cellular (formerly Escotel)
- Cellone
- Airtel
- Aircel
- Reliance GSM
- Vodafone(formerly Hutch)
- TataDOCOMO
- UniNOR
- Wireless communication networks (CDMA):
- MTS India
- Reliance India Mobile
- Virgin Mobile
- Tata Indicom
- BSNL WLL
- Broadband service providers:
- MTS MBlaze
- BSNL Broadband
- Sify iWay
- Reliance Broadband Netconnect
Defense installations
Jat Regiment CentreBareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the Jat Regiment
Jat Regiment
The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army and is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947 and post independence 5 battle honours, Two Ashok Chakras, eight Mahavir Chakras, eight Kirti...
, which is an infantry
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
regiment of the Indian Army
Indian Army
The Indian Army is the land based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. With about 1,100,000 soldiers in active service and about 1,150,000 reserve troops, the Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer army...
, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947 and post independence five battle honour
Battle honour
A battle honour is an award of a right by a government or sovereign to a military unit to emblazon the name of a battle or operation on its flags , uniforms or other accessories where ornamentation is possible....
s, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra
Kirti Chakra
The Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra...
, 32 Shaurya Chakra
Shaurya Chakra
The Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, sometimes posthumously. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Vir Chakra...
s, 39 Vir Chakra
Vir Chakra
Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the battlefield. Award of the decoration carried with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the battlefield. Award of the decoration...
s and 170 Sena Medal
Sena Medal
This article is about the Sena Medal, an Indian Military decoration. 'SM' redirects here The Sena Medal is awarded to members of the Indian army, of all ranks, "for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army." Awards may be made...
s.
Trishul Air-base (Bareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport also known as Bareilly Air Force Station or Trishul Air Base , is a military airbase and public airport serving the city of Bareilly, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The air force station is one of the largest airbases of the Indian Air Force . It is part of Central Air...
)
Bareilly has an air-base known as Trishul Air-base or Bareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport
Bareilly Airport also known as Bareilly Air Force Station or Trishul Air Base , is a military airbase and public airport serving the city of Bareilly, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The air force station is one of the largest airbases of the Indian Air Force . It is part of Central Air...
of the Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict...
. The Trishul Air-base has a squadron of the state-of-the-art fighters, the Sukhois and the heptor squadrons.It is one of the important air bases located near CHINA border.
Others
Bareilly has regional Headquarters of Indo-Tibetan Border Police
Indo-Tibetan Border Police
The Indo-Tibetan Border Police is an Indian force conceived on October 24, 1962 for security along the India's border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, border covering 2115 kilometres...
(ITBP) and Border Security Force
Border Security Force
The Border Security Force is a border patrol agency of the Government of India. Established on December 1, 1965, it is one of the Central Armed Police Forces. Its primary role is to guard India's international borders during peacetime and also prevent transnational crime...
(BSF).
Hindu temples
Bareilly is also home to a host of Hindu temples. Four Nath (ShivaShiva
Shiva is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. God Shiva is a yogi who has notice of everything that happens in the world and is the main aspect of life. Yet one with great power lives a life of a...
) temples are situated on the city's four corners: the Alakha Nath, Trivati Nath, Madhi Nath and Dhopeshwar Nath temples.so bareilly called as nath nagri
Alakha Nath Temple
The Alakha Nath Temple is the headquarters of the Anand Akhara order of Naga sannyasins. Members of this order of Shiva devotees are also known as Naga Babas.The temple complex beyond the inner gate consists of several buildings with a kind of courtyard in the center. There are various shrines, big and small, some within buildings, some outside. Numerous devotees are going from one shrine to the next to make offerings and prayers. Animals of various kinds are around the place. Cows and goats are tethered, and behind one of the buildings is a camel.
Trivati Nath Temple
It is situated in the central part of the town on the Macnair Road. Beautifully constructed and later renovated, it is considered to be one of the best temples in the city.Doopeshwarnath
The temple is dedicated to Lord Doopeshwarnath. The site is known to be the birth site of DraupadiDraupadi
In the epic Mahābhārata, Draupadi, also known as ' is the "emerged" daughter of King Drupada of Panchāla and the wife of the five Pandavas. When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the war, Draupadi becomes the queen of Indraprastha...
and Dhrishtadyumna in the Mahābhārata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
era. Both Draupadi
Draupadi
In the epic Mahābhārata, Draupadi, also known as ' is the "emerged" daughter of King Drupada of Panchāla and the wife of the five Pandavas. When Yudhisthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the war, Draupadi becomes the queen of Indraprastha...
and Dhrishtadyumna were considered to be born by the grace of Lord Shiva.
It is located in the Bareilly Cantonment area. It is known for an Ancient Guffa (tunnel), which takes you to the idol of Lord Doopeshwarnath. The short tunnel is filed with knee high water and this makes the visit to the temple, somewhat, adventurous. It, also, houses a huge water pool at the centre of the complex.
Kanker kuan naath
Another historical temple of lord Ram and Shiv. This temple was ested. in 1885. Located at Shahbaad near Alam giri ganj,bareilly.There is a well in the Mandir campus made of Kanker.
Jagannath Temple
Another historical temple of Lord Shiva is in Lala Champak Rai Ki Bagia near Alakhnath temple in front of the Ganga Temple. It is also referred to as the JagannathJagannath
Jagannath is a transcendental non-anthropotheistic Hindu god worshiped primarily by the people of Indian state of Orissa, and, to a great extent, West Bengal...
Temple.
It is roughly 200 years old. Due to limited access, having no paved roads leading up to it, is frequented by fewer devotees than its more popular counterparts.
Tulsi Math
Near the Alakhnath Temple is the Tulsi Math. TulsidasTulsidas
Tulsidas , was a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher renowned for his devotion for the god Rama...
, the acclaimed writer of the Ramacharitamanas
Ramacharitamanas
Shri Ramcharitmanas , also spelt Shri Ramcharitamanasa, is an epic poem in Awadhi, composed by the 16th-century Indian poet, Goswami Tulsidas...
, said to have been the re-incarnation of Valmiki
Valmiki
Valmiki is celebrated as the poet harbinger in Sanskrit literature. He is the author of the epic Ramayana, based on the attribution in the text of the epic itself. He is revered as the Adi Kavi, which means First Poet, for he discovered the first śloka i.e...
, the author of the Ramayana
Ramayana
The Ramayana is an ancient Sanskrit epic. It is ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki and forms an important part of the Hindu canon , considered to be itihāsa. The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of India and Nepal, the other being the Mahabharata...
, made this site his home sometime around 1600 CE.
Chunne Miyan's Lakshmi Narayan Temple
Another culturally significant temple is the Chunne Miyan's Lakshmi Narayan Temple (located in Katra Manrya street near Bara Bazar). Its origin dates back to the time when Hindus migrating from the recently formed PakistanPakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
at the time of independence in 1947, came to settle in Bareilly. These Hindu migrants built a small place of worship amongst some existing ruins but later discovered that the place belonged to Fazal-ul-Rahman, whose nickname 'Chunne Miyan'. He filed a claim against the illegal occupation of the land. Meanwhile, the proceedings of the temple continued. Once, HarMilapi ji Maharaj came from Haridwar to deliver a holy Sermon. Chunne Miyan was so impressed by his sermon that he decided not only to withdraw the case but also gave financial aid for the construction of the temple. Since then the temple is popularly known as chunne miyan's mandir' and is situated in the Katra maanrai region of Koharapeer.
Bara Bagh Hanuman Mandir
This is one of the famous temples built in 1952. It is also said as Dakshin Mukhi Hanuman Mandir. Several thousands of devotees pay visit to deity Lord Hanuman every Tuesday and Saturday. Baba Ramdas has blessed the temple and was the main person behind its establishment. the Baba Hanuman is said to have magnetic attraction and the wishes of person sought from pure heart turns true in a very fast manner. At present it is managed by "Baba Ramdas Hanuman Mandir Trust" whose Patron is Shri. S.K.Agarwal(Guruji), President is Shri. Rajesh Agarwal and Secretary is Architect Sumit Agarwal.Since last 60 years on the occasion of its establishment day, 108 Shri Ram CharitrManas Navahan Paath are held annually.
The campus has a Shiva Mandir with Narmadeshwar Shivling.Shri SitaRam Mandir is under construction just opposite Shri Hanuman Baba and praan pratistha is scheduled in January 2011.
Places of importance
- Research institute
- Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIndian Veterinary Research InstituteFor the singular of Ivrit , see Jewish.Indian Veterinary Research Institute or IVRI is located at Izzatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh state. It is India's premier advanced research facility in the field of veterinary medicine and allied branches. It has campuses at Mukteshwar, Bangalore,...
(IVRI), Izatnagar (one of the biggest in Asia)
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute
- Museums
- Army Service Corps. Museum, Cantonment
- Panchala Museum, University Campus
- Historical sites
- Ramnagar Fort, 25 km Aonla
- Teerthankar Temple, Ramnagar 25 km A
- Suhag Barat Ghar, Stadium Road, Bareilly
- Hanuman Coal Depot, Civil Lines
- Malls
- Amrapali Multiplex Mall
- Aditya magnet mall
- Jewel India mall
- Butler Plaza
- JJ Mall
- Phoenix United Mall, Pilibhit By-Pass Road.(nearly completed)
- Hindu and Sikh temples
- Shri Dauji Ka Mandir, Kila Bazar, Bareilly
- Shri Chote Dauji ka Mandire, Sahukara, Sethon Gali
- Shri Bankey Bihari Temple, Rajendra Nagar
- Lakshmi Narayan Temple (katra man rai), Koharapeer
- Dhopeshwar Nath Temple, sadar, Cantonment
- Ancient Shiv Temple B.I. Bazar, Cantonment (British Infantry)
- Alak Nath Temple, Nainital Road
- Gurudwara Guru Teg Bahadhur Sahib, Farashi Tola
- Trivatinath Temple, BDA Colony
- laxmi naryan ka Mandir, Bara Bazar
- Pashupati Nath Temple, University Road
- Bhole Nath Temple, Kurmanchal Nagar
- Bhagwaan Mahaveer Temple, Rampur Garden
- Bada Gurudwara, Model Town
- Anand Ashram, Rampur Garden
- Hanuman Temple Near Hartmann College Bareilly
- Shri Sai Mandir Shastri Ngr, Bareilly
- Thapeswarnath shubhash nagar Bareilly
- Bankhandinath Near suresh sharma nagar
- Churches
- Christ Methodist Church, Chaoki Choraha (front of Butler Plaza)
- Freewill Baptist Church, Cantonment
- Church of North India, Cantonment
- Cathedral of St. Alphonsus de Ligouri, seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bareilly
- Masihi Kalisiya Church, Defence Colony, Izatnagar, Bareilly
- Mosques
- Dargah Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan, Saudagaran
- Dargah Hazrat Shah Sharafat Miyan, Shahbad
- Bibi ji ki Masjid (wife of Rohella Nawab Hafiz Remat Kahn Saheb)
- Parks
- Children's Park, Cantonment
- Phool Bagh, Cantonment
- Company Garden, Civil Lines
- C L Park, Prem Nagar
- Mayur Van Chetna Kendra, University Road
- Maharaja Agrasen Park, Rampur Garden Bareilly
- Akshar vihar
- Lichi bagh, Quila Bareilly
- Vatika (park) Rampur Garden Bareilly
- Amusement parks
- Fun City and Boond Water Park, University Road