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	Topics Banu Nadir Topic Home The Banu Nadir were a JewJew Jews are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people , an ethno-religious group descended from th... ish tribe who lived in northern Arabia until the 7th centuryArabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad Summary There were several Tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era. ... , at the oasis of Yathrib (now known as MedinaMedina Medina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.... ). They came into conflict with MuhammadMuhammad Muhammad 570-632 CE, was an Arab religious and political leader and the historical founder of Islam.... and, having been expelled from the city, later participated in the battles of the TrenchBattle of the Trench Overview The Battle of Khandaq... and KhaybarBattle of Khaybar The Battle of Khaybar was fought in the year 629 between Muhammad and his followers against the Jews living in Khaybar, an o... . Early history In early Medina, in addition to the Banu Nadir, there were two other major Jewish tribes: the Banu QurayzaBanu Qurayza The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in northern Arabia during the 7th century, at the oasis of Yathrib.... and the Banu QaynuqaBanu Qaynuqa The Banu Qaynuqa were one of the three main Jewish tribes living in the 7th century of Medina, now in Saudi Arabia.... . They were joined centuries later by two non-Jewish Arab tribes from Yemen, Banu AusBanu Aus The Banu Aus or Banu Aws was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.... and Banu KhazrajBanu Khazraj The Banu Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.... . The Banu Nadir settled outside the city of Yathrib, now Medina, because of the RomanRoman Empire Summary The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government.... persecutions of the Jews in PalestinePalestine Palestine is one of several names for the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River ... . According to the MuslimFacts About Muslim A Muslim is an adherent of Islam.... historian al-Yaqubi, the Banu Nadir were an ArabArab The Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the ... tribe ethnically, which had converted to JudaismJudaism Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people.... and initially settled on the eponymous Mount Nadir. Some, however, believe them to be an ethnically Jewish tribe connected with the KhaybarKhaybar Khaybar is the name of an oasis some 95 miles to the north of Medina, Saudi Arabia.... Jews. ^[] Like other Medinese Jews, Banu Nadir bore Arabic names, but spoke a distinct dialect of Arabic. They earned their living through agriculture, money lending, and trade in weapons and jewels, maintaining commercial relations with Arab merchants of MeccaMecca Mecca or Makkah is the capital city of Saudi Arabia's Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region.... . Their fortresses were located half a day's march to the south of Medina. Banu Nadir were wealthy and lived in some of the best lands in Medina. Tribal warfare When the two Arabian tribes of AwsAWS AWS can mean:* Abyss Web Server* Ada Web Server... and Khazraj went to war against each other in the Battle of Bu'athBattle of Bu'ath The Battle of Bu'ath was fought in 617 between Aws and Khazraj, the Arab tribes of Medina, in the south-eastern quarter of t... in 617617 Sorry, no overview for this topic , the three Jewish tribes split on different sides of the war. The Banu Nadir, led by Ka'b ibn al-AshrafKa'b ibn al-Ashraf Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was a chief of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir and a poet, who was assassinated by an order of Muhammad.... and Huyayy ibn AkhtabHuyayy ibn Akhtab Huyayy ibn Akhtab was a chief of the Banu al-Nadir, a Jewish tribe of pre-Islamic Arabia. ... , and the Banu Qurayza fought with the Banu Aus, while the Banu Qaynuqa were allied with the Banu KhazrajBanu Khazraj The Banu Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.... . The latter were defeated after a long and arduous battle. Arrival of Muhammad MuhammadMuhammad Muhammad 570-632 CE, was an Arab religious and political leader and the historical founder of Islam.... was invited to Medina to broker a peace between the warring tribes, and in September 622, he arrived with a group of his followersMuhajir Muhajir or Mohajir is an Arabic word meaning refugee or immigrant or emigrant.... , who were given shelter by members of the indigenous community known as the Ansar. Amongst his first actions was the construction of the first Mosque in Medina, as well as obtaining residence with Abu Ayyub al-AnsariAbu Ayyub al-Ansari Overview Abu Ayyub al-Ansari - born Khalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb in Yathrib - hailed from the tribe of Banu Najjar and was a close comp... . He then set about the establishment of a pact, known as the Constitution of MedinaConstitution of Medina The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted in 622.... , between the Muslims, the Ansar, and the various Jewish tribes of Medina to regulate the matters of governance of the city, as well as the extent and nature of inter-community relations. Conditions of the pact included boycotting Quraysh, abstinence from "extending any support to them", assistance of one another if attacked by a third party, as well as "defending Medina, in case of a foreign attack". Reaction to the expulsion of the Banu Qaynuqa When Muhammad expelled the Jewish tribe of the Banu QaynuqaBanu Qaynuqa The Banu Qaynuqa were one of the three main Jewish tribes living in the 7th century of Medina, now in Saudi Arabia.... , the Banu Nadir did not get involved, viewing the conflict as another example of tribal struggle. The conflict led to a ruling that such future action by any of the other parties to the Constitution of MedinaConstitution of Medina The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted in 622.... would constitute a voiding of their benefits under the system, and requiring subsequent punishment. Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf After the Battle of BadrBattle of Badr The Battle of Badr, fought March 17, 624 CE in the Hejaz of western Arabia, was a key battle in the early days of Islam and ... , one of the Banu Nadir's chiefs Ka'b ibn al-AshrafKa'b ibn al-Ashraf Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was a chief of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir and a poet, who was assassinated by an order of Muhammad.... , who was also a gifted poet, wrote a poetic eulogy commemorating the slain Quraish notables; later, he also wrote erotic poetry about Muslim women, which the Muslims found offensive. This poetry influenced so many that his actions were considered directly against the Constitution of MedinaConstitution of Medina The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted in 622.... which states, loyalty gives protection against treachery and this document will not (be employed to) protect one who is unjust or commits a crime. Other historians cite that Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf went to the Quraish in order to lament the loss at Badr and to incite them to take up arms to regain lost honor, noting the statement of Muhammad: "He (Ka'b) has openly assumed enmity to us and speaks evil of us and he has gone over to the polytheists (who were at war with Muslims) and has made them gather against us for fighting". This too was thought to be in contravention of the Constitution of MedinaConstitution of Medina The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted in 622.... , of which the tribe led by Ka'b ibn al-Asharf was a signatory, which prohibited them from "extending any support" to the tribes of Mecca, namely Banu Quraish. Muhammad called upon his followers to kill Ka'b. Muhammad ibn Maslama offered his services, collecting four others. By pretending to have turned against MuhammadMuhammad Muhammad 570-632 CE, was an Arab religious and political leader and the historical founder of Islam.... , Muhammad ibn Maslama and the others enticed Ka'b out of his fortress on a moonlit night, and killed him in spite of his vigorous resistance. Some attribute this action to norms of the Arab society of that period that demanded retaliation for a slight to a group's honor. The Jews were terrified at his assassination, and as the historian Stillman put it "...there was not a Jew who did not fear for his life". Expulsion from Medina After defeat by the Quraish at the Mount UhudBattle of Uhud The Battle of Uhud was fought on 23 March, 625, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina, in what is now no... in March, 625, the Banu Nadir challenged Muhammad as the leader of Medina. In July of the same year, two men were killed during skirmish in which the Muslims were involved. As a result Muhammad went to the Nadir, asking them to make a contribution towards the blood money of two men killed. Initially most of the Nadir, except Huyayy ibn AkhtabFacts About Huyayy ibn Akhtab Huyayy ibn Akhtab was a chief of the Banu al-Nadir, a Jewish tribe of pre-Islamic Arabia. ... , were inclined to accept Muhammad's request. However, Ibn Ubayy communicated to ibn Akhtab of his intent, along with allied nomads, to attack Muhammad. The Nadir, then postponed the contribution until later that day. Muhammad left the locality immediately accusing the Banu Nadir of plotting to assassinate him, saying to have learned this either through revelation or Muhammad ibn Maslama. Watt suggests that, in accordance with 7th century Arabian ideals, Muhammad knew the Banu Nadir sought an opportunity to kill him, in order to avenge the death of Ka'b bin Ashraf. Watt deduces that Banu Nadir's postponement of the contribution gave them such an opportunity. According to other sources, the Banu Nadir invited Muhammad to their habitations for a religious debate, to which Muhammad accepted. Muhammad also accepted the condition that he bring no more than three men with him. On his way he was notified by a Banu Nadir convert to Islam of an assassination attempt at the debate. Muhammad besieged the Banu Nadir. He ordered them to surrender their property and leave Medina within ten days. The tribe at first decided to comply, but "certain persons of Medina who were not Believers sent a message to the Banu al-Nadir, saying, 'Hold out, and defend yourselves; we shall not surrender you to Muhammad. If you are attacked we shall fight with you and if you are sent away we shall go with you.'" Huyayy ibn AkhtabHuyayy ibn Akhtab Huyayy ibn Akhtab was a chief of the Banu al-Nadir, a Jewish tribe of pre-Islamic Arabia. ... decided to put up resistance, hoping also for help from the Banu QurayzaBanu Qurayza Overview The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in northern Arabia during the 7th century, at the oasis of Yathrib.... , despite opposition within the tribe. The Nadir were forced to surrender after the siege had lasted for 14 days, when the promised help failed to materialize and when Muhammad ordered the burning and felling of their palm-trees. Under the conditions of surrender, the Banu Nadir could only take with them what they could carry on camels with the exception of weapons. The Banu Nadir left on 600 camels, parading through Medina to the music of pipes and tambourines. Al-Waqidi described their impressive farewell: "Their women were decked out in litters wearing silk, brocade, velvet, and fine red and green silk. People lined up to gape at them." Most of Banu Nadir found refuge among the Jews of Khaybar, while others emigrated to SyriaSyria Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in the Middle East.... . Muhammad divided their land between his companions who had emigrated with him from Mecca. Until then, the emigrants had to rely upon the Medinese sympathizers for financial assistance. Muhammad reserved a share of the seized land for himself, which also made him financially independent. Upon expulsion of the Banu Nadir, Muhammad is said to have received a revelation of the Surah al-HashrFacts About Al-Hashr Surat Al-Hashr is the 59th sura of the Qur'an with 24 ayat.... . Battle of Khaybar: 628 After their expulsion from Medina, the Banu Nadir, along with the other Jews living in Khaybar, tried to induce the neighbouring Arabs and especially the strong tribe of Ghatafan to join them against the Muslims. They had furthermore participated in attacking the Muslim community in the Battle of the TrenchBattle of the Trench The Battle of Khandaq... . According to William Montgomery WattWilliam Montgomery Watt William Montgomery Watt was an Islamic studies scholar and Orientalist.... this was a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. Modern scholars also agree that one reason for attacking Khaybar was to raise Muhammads prestige among his followers by making booty. Later, Muhammad sent a delegation under Abdullah bin Rawaha to ask another chief of the Banu Nadir, Usayr (Yusayr) ibn ZarimUsayr ibn Zarim Usayr ibn Zarim was the war chief of the Banu Nadir.... to come to Medina along with other Nadir leaders to discuss the two groups political relations. Among whom were Abdullah bin Unays, an ally of Banu Salima, a clan hostile to the Jews. When they came to him they spoke to him and treated him saying that if he would come to Muhammad he would give him an appointment and honour him. They kept on at him until he went with them with a number of Jews. Abdullah bin Unays mounted him on his beast until when he was in al-Qarqara, about six miles from Khaybar, al-Yusayr changed his mind about going with them. Abdullah perceived his intention as he was preparing to draw his sword so he rushed at him and struck him with his sword cutting off his leg. Al-Yusayr hit him with a stick of shauhat wood which he had in his hand and wounded his head. All Muhammad's emissaries fell upon the thirty Jewish companions and killed them except one man who escaped on his feet. Abdullah bin Unays is the assassin who volunteered and got permission to kill Banu Nadir's Sallam ibn Abu al-HuqayqSallam ibn Abu al-Huqayq Summary Sallam ibn Abu al-l-Huqayq was a Jewish poet of early seventh-century Arabia.... at a previous night mission in Khaybar. Muhammad and his followers attacked Khaybar in May/June 628 after the Treaty of HudaybiyyahTreaty of Hudaybiyyah The Treaty of Hudaybiyya is a treaty between the early Islamic community and the Quraish tribe on 6 AH, Dhu al-Qi'dah . ... . Although the Jews put up fierce resistance, the lack of central command and their unpreparedness for an extended siege sealed the outcome of the battle in favor of the Muslims. When all but two fortresses were captured, the Jews managed to negotiate their surrender. The terms required them to hand over one-half of the annual produce to the Muslims, while the land itself became the collective property of the Muslim state. The agreement, however, did not cover the Banu Nadir tribe, who were not given any quarter. Muslims killed all the men of the Banu Nadir and divided the women among themselves. According to Ibn IshaqIbn Ishaq Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar, or simply Ibn Ishaq, was a Muslim historian.... , when the Banu Nadir's treasurer Kinana ibn al-RabiKinana ibn al-Rabi Kinana ibn al-Rabi' was a Jewish leader of seventh-century Arabia and an opponent of Muhammad; son of the poet al-Rabi ibn A... was discovered hiding some of the tribe's wealth, he was tortured by Muhammad's order to compel him to reveal the location of the rest, then beheaded. Muhammad took al-Rabi's widow Safiyya bint HuyayySafiyya bint Huyayy Overview Safiyya bint Huyayy was a Jewish woman from the Banu Nadir tribe, who became Muhammad's, the prophet of Islam, eleventh wife... , who was also the daughter of the killed Banu Nadir chief Huyayy ibn AkhtabHuyayy ibn Akhtab Huyayy ibn Akhtab was a chief of the Banu al-Nadir, a Jewish tribe of pre-Islamic Arabia. ... , as his wife. Muslim biographers of Muhammad tell a story that a Jewish woman of the Banu Nadir attempted to poison Muhammad to avenge her slain relatives. She poisoned a piece of lamb that she cooked for Muhammad and his companions, putting a particularly high amount into the shoulder — Muhammad's favorite part. The attempt on Muhammad's life failed because he reportedly spit out the meat, feeling that it was poisoned, while one of his companions ate the meat and died. Muhammad's companions then reported that on his deathbed Muhammad said that his illness was the result of that poison. See also Banu QurayzaBanu Qurayza The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in northern Arabia during the 7th century, at the oasis of Yathrib.... Banu QaynuqaBanu Qaynuqa The Banu Qaynuqa were one of the three main Jewish tribes living in the 7th century of Medina, now in Saudi Arabia.... Safiyya bint HuyayySafiyya bint Huyayy Safiyya bint Huyayy was a Jewish woman from the Banu Nadir tribe, who became Muhammad's, the prophet of Islam, eleventh wife... Constitution of MedinaConstitution of Medina The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted in 622.... JihadJihad *Jihad, sometimes spelled Jahad, Jehad, Jihaad, Djehad* or Cihad, is an Islamic term, from ... Itmam al-hujjah External links