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The Banu Aus or Banu Aws ("Sons of Aws", Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ??? ????) was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.

a sources say they were Jews , while a Jewish source say they and the Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj

The Banu al-Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era....
 were Arab tribes from Yemen
Yemen

Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
 who came to Medina in the fourth century CE. The Jewish source continues that the two tribes took the power of Medina from the Jews in the fifth century "By calling in outside assistance and treacherously massacring at a banquet" .

However, all sources agree that the Banu Aus and Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj

The Banu al-Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era....
 became hostile to each other.

A Shi'a source states that they had been fighting for one hundred and twenty years and were sworn enemies.






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The Banu Aus or Banu Aws ("Sons of Aws", Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ??? ????) was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.

History


Early history

Shi'a sources say they were Jews , while a Jewish source say they and the Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj

The Banu al-Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era....
 were Arab tribes from Yemen
Yemen

Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen is an Arab country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. Yemen has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the North, the Red Sea to the West, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the South, and Oman to the east....
 who came to Medina in the fourth century CE. The Jewish source continues that the two tribes took the power of Medina from the Jews in the fifth century "By calling in outside assistance and treacherously massacring at a banquet" .

However, all sources agree that the Banu Aus and Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj

The Banu al-Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era....
 became hostile to each other.

A Shi'a source states that they had been fighting for one hundred and twenty years and were sworn enemies.

The Jewish source states that they went to war against each other in the Battle of Bu'ath
Battle of Bu'ath

The Battle of Bu'ath was fought in 617 between Banu Aus and Banu Khazraj, the Arab tribes of Medina , in the south-eastern quarter of the Medinan oasis, belonging to the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza....
 a few years before the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
 migrated to Medina .

There are many Jewish tribes at present in Medina: Banu Nadir
Banu Nadir

The Banu Nadir were a Jewish tribe who Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad, at the oasis of Yathrib . They came into conflict with Muhammad and, having been expelled from the city, together with the Quraysh planned the Battle of the Trench....
, Banu Qurayza
Banu Qurayza

The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in Arabian tribe that interacted with Muhammad, at the oasis of Yathrib .Jewish tribes reportedly arrived in Hijaz in the wake of the Jewish-Roman wars and introduced agriculture, putting them in a culturally, economical and politically dominant position....
, Banu Qaynuqa
Banu Qaynuqa

The Banu Qaynuqa were one of the three main Jewish Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad of Medina, now in Saudi Arabia. In 624, they were expelled by Muhammad....
 and many more.

During the battle, The Banu Nadir and the Banu Qurayza fought with the Banu Aus, while the Banu Qaynuqa were allied with the Banu Khazraj. The latter were defeated after a long and desperate battle. .

Hijrah — 622

Muhammad came to Medina as a mediator, invited to resolve the feud between the factions of Banu Aws and Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj

The Banu al-Khazraj was one of the tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era....
. He ultimately did so by absorbing both factions into his Muslim community, forbidding bloodshed among Muslims.

The Banu Aus were included in point 30-31 of the Constitution of Medina
Constitution of Medina

The Constitution of Medina , also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 622. It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib , including Muslims, Jews, and pagans....
 as allies to the Muslims, being as "one nation/community with the Believers" . After this, Banu Aus and others became known as the Ansar.

On 624, Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was a chief of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir and a poet, who was assassinated by an order of Muhammad. Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was born to a Jewish mother from the Banu Nadir tribe and an Arab father, and he followed his mother's religion....
 was killed by men from Banu Aus

Banu Quraizah — 627

The Banu Qurayza
Banu Qurayza

The Banu Qurayza were a Jewish tribe who lived in Arabian tribe that interacted with Muhammad, at the oasis of Yathrib .Jewish tribes reportedly arrived in Hijaz in the wake of the Jewish-Roman wars and introduced agriculture, putting them in a culturally, economical and politically dominant position....
 were a Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish tribe who lived in Medina. The bulk of the tribe's men, apart from a few who converted to Islam, were killed in 627 CE, following a siege mounted by Muslim inhabitants of Medina and immigrants from Mecca after Banu Qurayza had agreed to aid their Meccan enemies in their attack on Medina, which the Muslims had just repulsed in the Battle of the Trench
Battle of the Trench

The Battle of the Trench also known as Battle of the Confederates , was a fortnight-long siege of Medina by Tribes of Arabia and Jewish tribes of Arabia tribes....
.

Since Banu Qurayza was an ally of the Banu Aus during the Battle of Bu'ath
Battle of Bu'ath

The Battle of Bu'ath was fought in 617 between Banu Aus and Banu Khazraj, the Arab tribes of Medina , in the south-eastern quarter of the Medinan oasis, belonging to the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza....
, they choose Sa'ad ibn Mua'dh, the chief of the Banu Aus as their judge. He, in spite of the pleading of his own tribe, condemned the men to death and the women and children to slavery. Sa'ad ibn Mua'dh himself died shortly after the event, due to injuries received during the Battle of the Trench
Battle of the Trench

The Battle of the Trench also known as Battle of the Confederates , was a fortnight-long siege of Medina by Tribes of Arabia and Jewish tribes of Arabia tribes....
.

People

  • Sa'ad ibn Mua'dh - head
  • Bashir ibn Sa'ad
    Bashir ibn Sa'ad

    Bashir ibn Sa'ad was one of the Sahaba of Muhammad....
     leader
  • Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak
  • Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith
  • Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair


See also

  • Islam
    Islam

    Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....