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Band (radio)

 

 
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Band (radio)
 
 
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A band is a small section of the spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that particular object....
 of radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 communication frequencies
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
, in which channels
Channel (communications)

Channel, in communications , refers to the :wikt:medium used to information transfer information from a sender to a receiver ....
 are usually used or set aside for the same purpose.

Examples


Each of these bands has a basic bandplan
Bandplan

A bandplan or band plan is a plan for utilizing a particular band of radio frequencies, that are a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ....
 which dictates how it is to be used and shared, to avoid interference
Interference

In physics, interference is the addition of two or more waves that result in a new wave pattern.Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves which are correlated or Coherence with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency....
 and to set protocol
Communications protocol

In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, Signalling , authentication and Error detection and correction required to send information over a communications channel....
 for the compatibility
Compatibility

The term compatibility may refer to:* In biology:** Blood type compatibility* In computing:** Pin-compatibility** Computer compatibility*** Backward compatibility...
 of transmitter
Transmitter

For biologic transmitters, see transmitter substance.A transmitter is an Electronics machine which, usually with the aid of an antenna , propagates an electromagnetic radiation Signalling such as radio, television, or other telecommunications....
s and receiver
Receiver (radio)

This article is about a radio receiver, for other uses see Radio .A radio receiver is an electronics circuit that receives its input from an antenna , uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio signal from all other signals picked up by this antenna, electronic amplifier it to a level suitable for further processing, and finally...
s.

As a matter of convention, bands are divided at wavelength
Wavelength

In physics, wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency. It is commonly designated by the Greek language letter lambda ....
s of 10n metres, or frequencies of 3×10n hertz
Hertz

The hertz is a measure of frequency per unit of time, or the number of list of cycles per second. It is the SI base unit of frequency in the International System of Units , and is used worldwide in both general-purpose and scientific contexts....
.






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A band is a small section of the spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that particular object....
 of radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 communication frequencies
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
, in which channels
Channel (communications)

Channel, in communications , refers to the :wikt:medium used to information transfer information from a sender to a receiver ....
 are usually used or set aside for the same purpose.

Examples


  • AM broadcast band
    Mediumwave

    Medium Wave is a part of the Medium frequency radio band used mainly for AM broadcasting. Some experiments and trials are planned or under way for a digital modulation such as Digital Radio Mondiale ....
     (530–1610 kHz [or to 1710 kHz on the extended AM band
    Extended AM broadcast band

    Extended MW broadcast band is a medium wave broadcast allocation . The band became officially available c. 1993 only in ITU Region . It is popular with Microbroadcasting for having slightly better propagation characteristics than the standard AM band....
     in the Americas
    Americas

    The Americas are the region of the Western hemisphere that consists of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions....
    ])
  • various Shortwave
    Shortwave

    Shortwave radio operates in the frequency range of 3,000 kHz to 30,000 kHz . In radio, short wavelength corresponds to high frequency given the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength, thus, ?shortwave radio? is denominated so, because its wavelengths are shorter than the long wave-lengths used in early radio communications; m...
     bands
    Shortwave bands

    shortwave are frequency allocations for use within the high frequency radio spectrum. They are the primary medium for applications such as marine communication, international broadcasting, and worldwide amateur radio activity because they take advantage of ionospheric skip propagation to send data around the world....
     (5.9–26.1 MHz)
  • Citizens' band (26.965–27.405 MHz)
  • Television channel
    Television channel

    A television channel is a physical or virtual channel over which a television station or television network is distributed. For example, in North America, "channel 2" refers to the broadcast or cable band of 54 to 60 MHz, with carrier wave frequencies of 55.25 MHz for NTSC analog video and 59.75 MHz for analog audio , or 55.31 MHz for digi...
    s 2–6 (54–88 MHz) in the Americas
  • FM broadcast band
    FM broadcast band

    In most of the world, the FM broadcast band, used for broadcasting FM radio stations, goes from 87.5 to 108.0 Megahertz. In Japan the FM broadcast band is 76–90 MHz, unlike any other country in the world....
     (88–108 MHz, except 76–90 MHz in Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    )
  • Airband
    Airband

    The airband or air band is the band of frequency used for radio communication in aviation. Airband is used to mean the VHF band between 108 Hertz and 137 MHz, which covers its use for commercial aviation and general aviation aviation, radio navigations, air traffic control and other uses....
     (108–137 MHz) for VOR
    Vor

    The acronym VOR can refer to:*The Voice of Russia.*The Volvo Ocean Race.*Voice of Reason*Voice of the Retarded - an advocacy organization for Mentally Retarded/Developmentally Disabled persons....
     beacons, ILS
    ILS

    Ils may refer to:*Ils , an electronic music producer and DJ*Them , a French horror filmILS may refer to:*Indirect least squares, a statistical technique...
     and air traffic control
    Air traffic control

    Air traffic control is a service provided by ground-based Air traffic controller who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide information and other support for pilots when able....
  • Marine VHF
    Marine VHF radio

    Marine VHF radio is installed on all large ships and most motorized small craft. It is used for a wide variety of purposes, including summoning rescue services and communicating with harbours and marinas, and operates in the Very high frequency frequency range, between 156 to 174 Megahertz....
     (156-174 MHz)
  • Television channels 7–13 (174–216 MHz) in the Americas
  • L band
    L band

    L Band is used to refer to three different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum....
     (1,452–1,492 MHz) for digital radio
    Digital radio

    Digital radio describes radio technologies which carry information as a digital signal, by means of a digital modulation method. The most common meaning is digital audio broadcasting technologies, but the topic may also cover TV broadcasting as well as many two-way digital wireless communication technologies....
     (DAB
    Digital audio broadcasting

    Digital Audio Broadcasting , also known as EUREKA, is a digital radio technology for broadcasting radio stations, used in several countries, particularly in the UK and Europe....
    ) outside the United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
  • Amateur radio bands
    Amateur radio

    Amateur radio, often called Etymology of ham radio, is both a hobby and a service in which participants, called "hams," use various types of radio communications equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for Public services, recreation and self-training....
     among several different frequencies
  • Military
    Military

    A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
     bands:
    • FM band (35-87.9 MHz)
    • X band
      X band

      The X band is part of the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Its frequency range is from 7 to 12.5 GHz. The 10.7-12.5 GHz portion overlaps the Ku band....
       (8–10 GHz)
    • S band
      S band

      The S band ranges from 2 to 4 GHz, crossing the boundary between Ultra high frequency and Super high frequency at 3.0 GHz. It is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum....
       (1750–2400 MHz)
  • K band
    K band

    NATO K bandThe NATO K band is defined as a frequency band between 20 and 40 GHz ....
     (20–40 GHz), which is further subdivided:
    • Ka band
      Ka band

      The Ka band covers the frequencies of 26.5-40GHz. The Ka band is part of the K band of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum....
      : K-above band, 27–40 GHz, mainly used for radar
      Radar

      Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic radiation waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain....
       and general communications
    • Ku band
      Ku band

      The Ku band is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies. This symbol refers to "K-under" ?in other words, the band directly below the K-band....
      : K-under band, 12–18 GHz, mainly used for satellite communications
  • Radionavigation beacon
    Beacon

    A Beacon is an intentionally conspicuous device designed to attract attention to a specific location.Beacons help guide navigation to their destinations....
    s, such as LORAN
    LORAN

    LORAN is a terrestrial radio navigation system using low frequency radio transmitters that uses multiple transmitters to determine location and/or speed of the receiver....
     and GPS
  • V band
    V band

    The V band of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 40 to 75 GHz. The V band is not heavily used, except for millimeter wave radar research and other kinds of scientific research....
     (50–75 GHz)
  • Various amateur radio bands


Each of these bands has a basic bandplan
Bandplan

A bandplan or band plan is a plan for utilizing a particular band of radio frequencies, that are a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ....
 which dictates how it is to be used and shared, to avoid interference
Interference

In physics, interference is the addition of two or more waves that result in a new wave pattern.Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves which are correlated or Coherence with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency....
 and to set protocol
Communications protocol

In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, Signalling , authentication and Error detection and correction required to send information over a communications channel....
 for the compatibility
Compatibility

The term compatibility may refer to:* In biology:** Blood type compatibility* In computing:** Pin-compatibility** Computer compatibility*** Backward compatibility...
 of transmitter
Transmitter

For biologic transmitters, see transmitter substance.A transmitter is an Electronics machine which, usually with the aid of an antenna , propagates an electromagnetic radiation Signalling such as radio, television, or other telecommunications....
s and receiver
Receiver (radio)

This article is about a radio receiver, for other uses see Radio .A radio receiver is an electronics circuit that receives its input from an antenna , uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio signal from all other signals picked up by this antenna, electronic amplifier it to a level suitable for further processing, and finally...
s.

As a matter of convention, bands are divided at wavelength
Wavelength

In physics, wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency. It is commonly designated by the Greek language letter lambda ....
s of 10n metres, or frequencies of 3×10n hertz
Hertz

The hertz is a measure of frequency per unit of time, or the number of list of cycles per second. It is the SI base unit of frequency in the International System of Units , and is used worldwide in both general-purpose and scientific contexts....
. For example, 30 MHz or 10 m divides shortwave (lower and longer) from VHF (shorter and higher). These are the parts of the radio spectrum, and not its frequency allocation
Frequency allocation

The radio frequency electromagnetic spectrum is an aspect of the physical world which, like land, water, and air, is subject to usage limitations. Use of radio frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum is regulated by governments in most countries, in a Spectrum management process known as frequency allocation or spectrum allocation...
.