Balanjar: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Balanjar

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	Topics Balanjar Topic Home Balanjar (Baranjar, Belenjer, Belendzher) was a medieval city located in the North CaucasusFacts About North Caucasus The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia.... region, between the cities of DerbentDerbent Derbent is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.... and SamandarSamandar (city) Samandar was a city in Khazaria on the western edge of the Caspian Sea, south of Atil and north of the Caucasus.... , probably on the lower Sulak RiverSulak River The Sulak is a river in Dagestan, Russia.... . It flourished from the seventh7th century The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era.... to the tenth10th century As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000.... centuries CE. The legendary founder of Balanjar, according to the ArabArab The Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the ... chroniclers Ibn al-FaqihIbn al-Faqih Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadhani was a 10th century Islamic historian and geographer, famous for his Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan.... and Abu al-FidaAbu al-Fida Summary ??? ????? or Abu al-Fida or Abul Fida Ismail Hamvi... , was named Balanjar ibn Japheth. In the 630s630s Centuries: 6th century 7th century 8th century... CE Balanjar was a capital of the Baranjar stateBaranjars Baranjars were a confederacy of Turkic tribes who flourished in the early Middle Ages.... . Some scholars speculate that the name derives from the Turkic root "Bala" or "Great", and the clan-name "Endzhar". With the rest of the Baranjar domains the city became part of the Khazar Khaganate around 650; until the early 720s720s Centuries: 7th century - 8th century - 9th century... , Balanjar served as the capital of Khazaria. During the first ArabArab The Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the ... -Khazar war in the 650's, a MuslimMuslim Summary A Muslim is an adherent of Islam.... army under Abd ar-Rahman ibn RabiahAbd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah was the Arab general of the early Caliphate.... was defeated outside the town (see Battle of BalanjarBattle of Balanjar Summary Several battles in or near Balanjar have been given the name Battle of Balanjar:... ). Around 722722 Events... or 723723 Events* Saint Boniface fells Thor's Oak near Fritzlar, marking the decisive event in the Christianization of the northern Germani... , Umayyad soldiers under al-Djarrah ibn AbdullahAl-Djarrah ibn Abdullah Abu `Uqbah al-Djarrah ibn `Abdullah al-Hakami was an Arab nobleman of the Hakami tribe.... crossed the Caucasus Mountains and attacked Balanjar. The inhabitants of Balanjar tried to defend their town by fastening 3,000 wagonWagon A wagon or dray is a wheeled vehicle, ordinarily with four wheels, usually pulled by an animal, or animals, such as ho... s together and circling them around the key fortress on high terrain, but were defeated in the attack. The Arabs massacred much of the town's population; survivors fled to other towns, including SamandarSamandar (city) Samandar was a city in Khazaria on the western edge of the Caspian Sea, south of Atil and north of the Caucasus.... . The victorious Arab army stole much bootyBooty The traditional meaning of booty is something both valuable and acquired by force or daring.... and the soldiers received large sums of money. The city was rebuilt after the war, but the capital of Khazaria was thereafter moved to Samandar and later to AtilAtil Atil, also spelled Itil , was the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 10th cen... . Nevertheless, Balanjar continued to be a city of great importance within the Khaganate. After the fall of Khazaria Balanjar lost much of its importance and declined steadily until it vanished from the record around 1100. The exact location of Balanjar has not yet been established precisely. SovietSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... archeologist Mikhail ArtamonovFacts About Mikhail Artamonov Mikhail Illarionovich Artamonov was a Soviet historian and archaeologist, who came to be recognized as the founding father o... initially placed Balanjar on the site of the modern Daghestani city of BuynakskBuynaksk Buynaksk, known as Temir-Khan-Shura before 1922, is a town in Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greate... , but when later the ruins of a town to the south of MakhachkalaMakhachkala Makhachkala is a city in Russia, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan.... were found, he idenitified them as being those of Balanjar.