Baishan Dam
Encyclopedia
The Baishan Dam is an arch-gravity dam
Arch-gravity dam
An arch-gravity dam, curved-gravity dam or arched dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam. It is a dam that curves upstream in a narrowing curve that directs most of the water against the canyon rock walls, providing the force to compress the dam...

 on the Second Songhua River
Second Songhua River
The Second Songua River is a tributary of the Songhua River in Jilin Province, China. The river meets the Songhua and Nen Rivers near Songyuan and has several tributaries to include the First Dao, the Second Dao, Huifa, Yinma, Yitong and Lafa Rivers. It is interrupted by the Baishan, Hongshi and...

 near the town of Baishanzhen, Huadian
Huadian
Huadian is a city in southeastern Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Jilin City.-Administrative divisions:Subdistricts:...

, Jilin Province, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

. The purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and flood control. The dam supplies water to five turbine-generators in two different powerhouses for an installed capacity of 1,500 MW while it can also control a design 19100 m3/s flood. Additionally, it has a 300 MW pumped-storage hydroelectric generation capacity.

Construction

Construction on the dam began in May 1975, the reservoir began to fill on September 16, 1982 and by the end of 1984, the first phase of three generators was operational. Another two generators in the project's second phase were operational by 1992. The dam submerged an area of 17.67 square kilometres (7 sq mi), displacing about 10,300 people.

In March 2000, a feasibility study report on a pumped-storage capability for the dam was approved. In August 2002, construction started on installing two 150 MW reversible pump generators and by July 2006, they were operational.

Design

The Baishan Dam is a 149.5 metres (490 ft) tall and 677.5 metres (2,223 ft) long arch gravity dam composed of 1663000 cubic metre of concrete. It withholds a 6500000000 cubic metre reservoir
Reservoir
A reservoir , artificial lake or dam is used to store water.Reservoirs may be created in river valleys by the construction of a dam or may be built by excavation in the ground or by conventional construction techniques such as brickwork or cast concrete.The term reservoir may also be used to...

 of which 3540000000 cubic metre is active or "useful" storage and 950000000 cubic metre is flood storage. The dam's spillway
Spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. In the UK they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy...

 contains four 12 metres (39 ft) x 13 metres (43 ft) openings and three 6 metres (20 ft) x 7 metres (23 ft) mid-level openings on its orifice. All the dam's openings can discharge a design of 19100 m3/s, check standard of 26200 m3/s and maximum of 32200 m3/s of water.

The dam powers three separate power stations. The first station to be constructed is located underground and contains 3 x 300 MW Francis turbine
Francis turbine
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts....

 generators while the second, located on the left bank slightly downstream contains 2 x 300 MW Francis turbine generators. The third portion of the dam's power station is 2 x 150 MW pump-generators. The dam's current reservoir serves as the upper and the Hongshi Dam's reservoir downstream serves as the lower.

It is named after Baekdu Mountain
Baekdu Mountain
Baekdu Mountain, also known in China as Changbai Mountain and Baitou Mountain , is a volcanic mountain on the border between North Korea and China, located at...

 (White Mountain), near the city of Baishan
Baishan
Baishan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province of the People's Republic of China. "白山" literally means "White Mountain", and is named after Baekdu Mountain, which is known as "长白山" in Chinese....

.
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