Bahr el Ghazal

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Bahr el Ghazal

The Bahr el Ghazal is a region of southwestern Sudan

Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
. Its name comes from the river Bahr el Ghazal.

The region consists of the states

States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses....
of North Bahr al Ghazal

North Bahr al Ghazal

Northern Bahr el Ghazal is one of the 26 States of Sudan or states of Sudan. It has an area of 33,558 km? and is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region....
, West Bahr al Ghazal

West Bahr al Ghazal

Western Bahr el Ghazal is one of the 26 States of Sudan or states of Sudan. It has an area of and is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Western Bahr el Ghazal is divided into three counties: Raja, Jur River, and Wau County.Wau, Sudan is the capital of the state....
, Lakes, and Warab

Warab (state)

Warrap is one of the 26 States of Sudan or states of Sudan. It has an area of 31,027 km? and a population estimated in 2006 at 1,000,000. Warrap is the capital of the state, but will be changed to Kuajok pending final decision....
.

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Encyclopedia

The Bahr el Ghazal is a region of southwestern Sudan

Sudan

States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses....
of North Bahr al Ghazal

North Bahr al Ghazal

Northern Bahr el Ghazal is one of the 26 States of Sudan or states of Sudan. It has an area of 33,558 km? and is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region....
, West Bahr al Ghazal

West Bahr al Ghazal

Warab (state)

Central African Republic

The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the east, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west....
to the west. It is an area of swamps and ironstone

Ironstone

Ironstone is a fine-grained, heavy and compact sedimentary rock. Its main components are the carbonate or oxide of iron, clay and/or sand. It can be thought of as a concretionary form of siderite....
plateaus inhabited mainly by the Dinka

Dinka

The Dinka are a group of tribes of south Sudan, inhabiting the Bahr el Ghazal region of the Nile basin, Jonglei and parts of southern Kordufan and Upper Nile, Sudan regions....
people, who make their living through subsistence farming and cattle herding. It was historically subject to raids by the Fur and Arab

Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
slave traders from the neighboring region of Darfur

Darfur

Darfur is a region in Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by History of the Anglo-Egyptian co-dominium....
. The slave trade was suppressed in 1864 by the khedive

Khedive

Khedive was a title first used by Muhammad Ali of Egypt as governor and monarch of Egypt and Sudan, and subsequently by his dynastic successors....
of Egypt

Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
but soon re-emerged under powerful native merchants, who set themselves up as princes complete with armies. The most powerful of them, Sebehr Rahma, fought and defeated a joint Turkish

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
/Egyptian force sent to Bahr el Ghazal in 1873. The khedive conceded defeat and made Bahr el Ghazal a nominal province of Egypt, with al-Zubayr as its governor.

The region was visited by the anthropologist

Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humans and humanity in its totality. Anthropology has origins in the natural sciences, and the humanities. In Great Britain it was originally divided into physical anthropology and cultural anthropology, which itself was divided into archaeology, technology, ethnology and sociology ....
Edward Evans-Pritchard in 1929.

The region was later incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and became the ninth province after being split from Equatoria

Equatoria

Equatoria began as a province of Egypt, located in the extreme south of present-day Sudan along the upper reaches of the White Nile. It also contained most of Northern part of present day Uganda including Albert Lake....
in 1948, and later a province, and then state, under the Republic of Sudan. In 1996, the region was divided into the four current districts as part of an administrative reorganisation of the country. During the condomiunium period of joint British-Egyptian rule, the area was administered by British district officers; because of annual flooding and difficult travelling conditions, the area became part of what was known colloquially in the British Sudan Service as "The Bog", with British District Officers known as "Bog Barons" (Wyndham, 1937).

The region has been affected by civil war for many years. It was a scene of fighting in the First Sudanese Civil War

First Sudanese Civil War

The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and a south that demanded more regional autonomy....
. In 1982, the Sudan People's Liberation Army

Sudan People's Liberation Army

The Sudan People's Liberation Army and its political wing, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement ? known collectively as Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement ? is a predominantly Christian Sudanese rebel movement turned political party....
(SPLA) was formed there by John Garang

John Garang

Dr John Garang de Mabior was the First Vice President of Sudan of Sudan and former leader of the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army....
to fight the Arab-dominated government in Khartoum

Khartoum

Khartoum is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum . It is located at the confluence point of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia....
. This was the beginning of what quickly became known as the Second Sudanese Civil War

Second Sudanese Civil War

The Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, although it was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. It took place, for the most part, in southern Sudan and was one of the longest lasting and deadliest wars of the later 20th century....
. The subsequent conflict lasted until 2003 and killed more than two million people. A substantial fraction of the population of the region is internally displaced or refugee

Refugee

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecutionOwing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality,...
s in neighboring countries. See also North Bahr al Ghazal

North Bahr al Ghazal

Northern Bahr el Ghazal is one of the 26 States of Sudan or states of Sudan. It has an area of 33,558 km? and is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region....
for further details of one part of the province severely affected by the conflict.

External links

, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition