Bad Oeynhausen
Encyclopedia
Bad Oeynhausen (ˈbaːt ˈøːnhaʊzən) is a spa town
in the Minden-Lübbecke
district, in North Rhine-Westphalia
, Germany
.
with:
, which was replaced in the 9 th century by a church. Today's church is a subsequent building. On the church and the downhill-situated Widukind
-spring plates explain this further. A few meters from the church a 13 th century timbered homestead can still be found.
In 753 Pepin the Short, according to the Frankish Chronicles, stopped over ad locum qui dicitur Rimiae, so that Rehme is commonly accepted as the oldest part of town. Another source, describing Nero Claudius Drusus
’ Germania campaigns and stating that he once camped ad locum qui dicitur Rimi, and thus would date Rehme's proven existence as far back as 11 BC, but is not officially accepted.
In 1745 a farmer named Sültemeyer was wondering about the salty crust on his pig's backs after wallowing in the mud. After public awareness of this finding King Frederick II of Prussia
ordered the construction of a saline, which was named "Royal Saline Neusalzwerk". Today's Sültemeyer-Fountain (colloquial: Pig-Fountain) — located in the city centre — is a reminder of the city's beginning.
From 1830 on the mining captain Carl Baron of Oeynhausen (1795–1865) oversaw the drilling on today's spa garden area in search for salt deposits, but instead found a thermal salt spring in 1845. Quickly the healing abilities of this spring were discovered and first baths were built in the community, which now was called "Neusalzwerk near Rehme". In 1848 King Frederick William IV of Prussia
renamed it to "Royal Bath (German: Bad) Oeynhausen", which was kept as the name after receiving its own town charter town in 1860.
The opening of the Cologne
-Minden
railway line in 1849 connected the city with railroad network.
The following growth of spa activities and the urban development continued into World War II. Among other things the Kurpark (spa garden), according to lay-out plans by Peter Joseph Lenné
, and the Kurhaus (spa hotel) in 1908 (from 1980-2002 a Casino was located here; today called Kaiserpalais it hosts a Varieté, a noble restaurant and a discothèque) were constructed. At the beginning of the 20 th century residential houses for the bourgeoisie
were built around the spa garden.
The extraordinary conglomeration of different architectural styles of the spa garden's buildings and the surrounding mansons bestowed Bad Oeynhausen the unofficial title "Museum for the Architecture of the 19 th century.
One of the most famous buildings, the "Farne-Villa" was replaced by a new building in 1969.
In the first half of the 20 th century additional thermal salt springs were drilled. Among these the Jordansprudel, drilled in 1926, is best known and with a capacity of 6000 l/min and a total height of up to 40 m it is the world's highest carbonated thermal salt spring and de facto the town's landmark.
Under Nazi Germany
, Bad Oeynhausen hosted a synod of the Confessing Church
, as well as the home congregation to Jakob Emil Karl Koch, a leading member. The World War II
tank factory of the town was bombed on March 30, 1945.http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/mar45.htm Post-war, the town hosted the British military government of the British Zone of Occupation and served as the British Army of the Rhine
headquarters.
The town was returned to local control in 1954 and spa activities resumed. In 1976, seven surrounding municipalities of the "Amt Rehme" merged with Bad Oeynhausen into one commune. As the last state owned spa of NRW, in early 2004 Bad Oeynhausen was municipalised.
Just outside of the city lies the Klinik Bad Oexen, a rehabilitation center for cancer patients.
footballer Arne Friedrich
was born here.
Spa town
A spa town is a town situated around a mineral spa . Patrons resorted to spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. The word comes from the Belgian town Spa. In continental Europe a spa was known as a ville d'eau...
in the Minden-Lübbecke
Minden-Lübbecke
Minden-Lübbecke is a Kreis in the northeastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Diepholz, Nienburg, Schaumburg, Lippe, Herford, Osnabrück.-Geography:...
district, in North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with four of the country's ten largest cities. The state was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly part of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf. The state is currently run by a coalition of the...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Geography
Bad Oeynhausen is located on the banks of the Weser river, which runs along the eastern edges of the town. Bad Oeynhausen has the world's highest carbonated, thermal saltwater fountain, the Jordan Sprudel (or the Jordansprudel). On calm days the fountain gets up to 40 metres high. The water of the spring is believed to have many medicinal qualities, giving rise to a number of health spas.Neighbouring places
|
Minden Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the river Weser. It is the capital of the Kreis of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the... Porta Westfalica Porta Westfalica is a town in the district of Minden-Lübbecke, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The name “Porta Westfalica” is Latin and means “gate to Westphalia”. Coming from the north, the gorge is the entry to the region of Westphalia... Vlotho Vlotho is a town in the district of Herford, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Geography:Vlotho is located along the Weser river, south of the Wiehengebirge, bordering on the Ravensberger Hügelland in the west, Lipperland in the south, and the Weserbergland in the east... |
Division of the town
Bay Oeynhausen consists of 8 districts:
|
|
Twin towns — Sister cities
Bad Oeynhausen is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
-
FismesFismesFismes is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.- Economy :Many agricultural zones of the region may soon become a section of the zone for production of Champagne.- Antiquity :...
(Champagne-ArdenneChampagne-ArdenneChampagne-Ardenne is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium, and consists of four departments: Aube, Ardennes, Haute-Marne, and Marne. The region is famous for its sparkling white wine . Its rivers, most of which flow west, include the...
, France) (originally a twin town to Eidinghausen) -
Wear ValleyWear ValleyWear Valley was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district in County Durham, England. Its council was based in Crook.The district covered much of the Weardale area. In the west it was parished and rural, whereas in the east it was more urban...
(United Kingdom) -
Inowrocław (PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
)
History
In the village of Bergkirchen, which belongs to Bad Oeynhausen, a wellspring sanctuary existed in pre-Christian (Saxon) times at the local crossing of the WiehengebirgeWiehengebirge
The Wiehen Hills are a low mountain range in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony in Germany. The hills run from west to east like a long finger away from the main upland area of the Lower Saxon Hills, beginning at the Weser River near Minden and terminating in the vicinity of Osnabrück.It is...
, which was replaced in the 9 th century by a church. Today's church is a subsequent building. On the church and the downhill-situated Widukind
Widukind
Widukind was a pagan Saxon leader and the chief opponent of Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars. Widukind was the leader of the Saxons against the Frankish king Charlemagne...
-spring plates explain this further. A few meters from the church a 13 th century timbered homestead can still be found.
In 753 Pepin the Short, according to the Frankish Chronicles, stopped over ad locum qui dicitur Rimiae, so that Rehme is commonly accepted as the oldest part of town. Another source, describing Nero Claudius Drusus
Nero Claudius Drusus
Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus , born Decimus Claudius Drusus also called Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a fully patrician Claudian on his father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family...
’ Germania campaigns and stating that he once camped ad locum qui dicitur Rimi, and thus would date Rehme's proven existence as far back as 11 BC, but is not officially accepted.
In 1745 a farmer named Sültemeyer was wondering about the salty crust on his pig's backs after wallowing in the mud. After public awareness of this finding King Frederick II of Prussia
Frederick II of Prussia
Frederick II was a King in Prussia and a King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was also Elector of Brandenburg. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel...
ordered the construction of a saline, which was named "Royal Saline Neusalzwerk". Today's Sültemeyer-Fountain (colloquial: Pig-Fountain) — located in the city centre — is a reminder of the city's beginning.
From 1830 on the mining captain Carl Baron of Oeynhausen (1795–1865) oversaw the drilling on today's spa garden area in search for salt deposits, but instead found a thermal salt spring in 1845. Quickly the healing abilities of this spring were discovered and first baths were built in the community, which now was called "Neusalzwerk near Rehme". In 1848 King Frederick William IV of Prussia
Frederick William IV of Prussia
|align=right|Upon his accession, he toned down the reactionary policies enacted by his father, easing press censorship and promising to enact a constitution at some point, but he refused to enact a popular legislative assembly, preferring to work with the aristocracy through "united committees" of...
renamed it to "Royal Bath (German: Bad) Oeynhausen", which was kept as the name after receiving its own town charter town in 1860.
The opening of the Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
-Minden
Minden
Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the river Weser. It is the capital of the Kreis of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the...
railway line in 1849 connected the city with railroad network.
The following growth of spa activities and the urban development continued into World War II. Among other things the Kurpark (spa garden), according to lay-out plans by Peter Joseph Lenné
Peter Joseph Lenné
Peter Joseph Lenné was a Prussian gardener and landscape architect from Bonn who worked in the German classicist style.-Childhood and development:...
, and the Kurhaus (spa hotel) in 1908 (from 1980-2002 a Casino was located here; today called Kaiserpalais it hosts a Varieté, a noble restaurant and a discothèque) were constructed. At the beginning of the 20 th century residential houses for the bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie
In sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Western world, between the late 18th century and the present day, the bourgeoisie is a social class "characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture." A member of the...
were built around the spa garden.
The extraordinary conglomeration of different architectural styles of the spa garden's buildings and the surrounding mansons bestowed Bad Oeynhausen the unofficial title "Museum for the Architecture of the 19 th century.
One of the most famous buildings, the "Farne-Villa" was replaced by a new building in 1969.
In the first half of the 20 th century additional thermal salt springs were drilled. Among these the Jordansprudel, drilled in 1926, is best known and with a capacity of 6000 l/min and a total height of up to 40 m it is the world's highest carbonated thermal salt spring and de facto the town's landmark.
Under Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
, Bad Oeynhausen hosted a synod of the Confessing Church
Confessing Church
The Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
, as well as the home congregation to Jakob Emil Karl Koch, a leading member. The World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
tank factory of the town was bombed on March 30, 1945.http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/mar45.htm Post-war, the town hosted the British military government of the British Zone of Occupation and served as the British Army of the Rhine
British Army of the Rhine
There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine . Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War.-1919–1929:...
headquarters.
The town was returned to local control in 1954 and spa activities resumed. In 1976, seven surrounding municipalities of the "Amt Rehme" merged with Bad Oeynhausen into one commune. As the last state owned spa of NRW, in early 2004 Bad Oeynhausen was municipalised.
Health treatment facilities
There are a number of health treatment facilities in Bad Oeynhausen. The Maternus Rehabilitation Clinic deals with rehabilitation for orthopedic, degenerative, and neurological conditions. The Klinik am Korso deals with eating disorders. The Median Rehabilitation Clinic specializes on rehabilitation for Muslim patients. The Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia is a world-leading institution for the treatment of cardiac, circulatory and metabolic diseases.Just outside of the city lies the Klinik Bad Oexen, a rehabilitation center for cancer patients.
Notable persons
The German international and VfL WolfsburgVfL Wolfsburg
VfL Wolfsburg is a professional German association football club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, who play in the Bundesliga football competition. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, and were DFB-Pokal runners-up in 1995. The current head coach is Felix...
footballer Arne Friedrich
Arne Friedrich
Arne Friedrich is a German international football defender, who plays for the German national team....
was born here.