Bachelor of Pharmacy
Encyclopedia
A Bachelor of Pharmacy (abbreviated BPharm) is an undergraduate academic degree
in the field of pharmacy
. The degree is the basic prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist
in many countries. In some countries, it has been superseded by the Master of Pharmacy
(MPharm) and Doctor of Pharmacy
(PharmD) degrees. In the United States, this degree was granted as the baccalaureate pharmacy degree only at Washington State University, where it has now been superseded by the PharmD degree. The degree previously offered within the US—and still the required degree in Canada—is the Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy.
, the BPharm degree is awarded following a four-year undergraduate pharmacy program. Australian undergraduate pharmacy courses were previously three years, but were increased to four years during the 1990s with an increased emphasis on pharmacy practice
education. During the early 2000s, two-year postgraduate Master of Pharmacy
courses were established by many universities, but to date these have accounted for a relatively minor proportion of pharmacy graduates.
All BPharm programs in Australia are accredited by the New Zealand and Australian Pharmacy Schools Accreditation Committee (NAPSAC). Programs provide training in fields including: pharmacology, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacy practice (including pharmacotherapeutics, disease state management, etc.), pharmaceutics, ethics, pharmacy law, pharmacy management, physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, kinetics, and compounding medications.
At present, either the BPharm degree or the MPharm
degree are acceptable for registration as a practicing pharmacist. See list of pharmacy schools: Australia for a listing of institutions offering the BPharm degree.
and a high-level of academic performance. All other graduates are awarded a pass degree. Unlike most Honours degrees in Australia, an additional year of study is not required for a BPharm(Hons) as most universities integrate research and coursework in the fourth year of BPharm(Hons) programs.
campus. It was designed to address the continuing shortage of pharmacists in rural
areas and placed greater emphasis on rural aspects of pharmacy practice. Since most of the units-of-study were common to both the BPharm and BPharm (Rural), many of the lectures were delivered by academics at the main campus in Sydney with a live video broadcast to students at Orange.
The program was not offered in 2005, following the transfer of Orange campus to Charles Sturt University
. Following a review, a new BPharm (Rural) program was offered from 2006 onwards at the university's main campus (Camperdown/Darlington campus).
(CUHK) under the Faculty of Medicine. The CUHK Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme started in 1992 and is the only pharmacy degree programme available in Hong Kong until 2009. It aims to train graduates to function independently as professional health care providers who, as part of the health care team, can provide first class pharmaceutical and health-related care for the health of Hong Kong citizens.
The Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) degree is awarded on satisfactory completion of at least three years of full-time study. To be considered for registration by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board Hong Kong as practising pharmacist in Hong Kong, the student must complete a further year of pre-registration training as required by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board.
However, starting from 2009, the University of Hong Kong (HKU) will also implement the Bachelor of Pharmacy under the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine.
CUHK offers 30 places while HKU offers 20 places each year.
Head of the department of B Pharm in M G University is Jaison Bhai.....
. It is a four year program with both annual and semester schemes available. In order to be eligible, one must pass with at least 50% marks in 10 + 2 (or an equivqlent examination )with biology/mathematics as one of the subjects. In some states it is mandatory to give an additional pharmacy entrance examination in order to be eligible for the course.
On the other hand D Pharma students are too eligible for admission into B Pharma in second year directly via Lateral entry .
Colleges imparting Pharmaceutical education (D Pharma , B Pharma , M pharma or Pharm D must be approved by All Indian Council of Technical Education (AICTE ) or Pharmacy Council Of India (PCI). The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree is popularly known as B Pharm in India. It is a four year program with both annual and semester schemes available. In order to be eligible, one must pass with at least 50% marks in 10 + 2 (or an equivqlent examination )with biology/mathematics as one of the subjects. In some states it is mandatory to give an additional pharmacy entrance examination in order to be eligible for the course.
For a student to be eligible for registration as a Pharmacist the college from which thet graduated must be approved PCI . B pharma is often superseeded by M Pharma and Ph D level courses. Although minimum qualification required for registration as a pharmacist at PCI is D.Pharm Although in India B.PHARMA status is very poor there is no development conduct by any Indian government yet today. In India there is no scope for pharma students due to government fake polices.The Pharmacist is not recognised due to non availability of a Pharmacist at the Retail Pharmacies throughout India and no Judiciary action or the Government of India not interested in giving good and better qualified degree services as per the WHO norms to its citizens except to the pilgrimage to HAJ of mere 2 to 3 months where the minimum qualification is degree in Pharmacy. Hope the pharmacy council of India takes up this issue very seriously and upgrade the qualification to B.Pharma soon in this age of medical tourism as per the WHO norms where even the neighboring countries have already implemented degree as minimum qualification to be a Pharmacist and mainly the Colleges and Institutions take the step of totally banning Diploma course so that the services to the society are provided by their students qualified as per the WHO standards as per notification in the year 1988 implemented at least now after span of 23 years.
Prominent colleges imparting B Pharma in India approved by PCI as on September 30 , 2010 are
1. Madurai Medical College , Madurai , Tamil Nadu
2. Alwar Pharmacy college , Alwar , Rajasthan
3. Bharti Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sriganganagar
4 .Banaras Hindu University (BHU ) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh
5. Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR ), New Delhi
6. ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab
7. SGRR Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
8. Madras Medical College , Chennai , Tamil Nadu
9.Hamdard University, New Delhi
10.Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai, Maharashtra
11.Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan
12.Srinivas College of Pharmacy,Valachil,Mangalore
13.Smt.Vidyawati college of Pharmacy,Uttar Pradesh,Jhansi
14.Indira College Of Pharmacy,Pune-33
15.Alard College of Pharmacy, Hinjewadi,Pune-411057
These are few colleges approved by PCI impartin B Pharma . List of colleges approved by PCI can be viewed by visiting www.pci.nic.in
However in Northern Ireland
(which is part of the United Kingdom) MPharm degrees (as opposed to BPharm degrees) are offered at Queen's University Belfast as in the rest of the UK.
, the BPharm degree was awarded following a three-year undergraduate pharmacy program. It was superseded in 1997 by the Master of Pharmacy
(MPharm) degree, awarded following a four year program, as a result of European Union harmonisation
.
Academic degree
An academic degree is a position and title within a college or university that is usually awarded in recognition of the recipient having either satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of study or having conducted a scholarly endeavour deemed worthy of his or her admission to the degree...
in the field of pharmacy
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
. The degree is the basic prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist
Pharmacist
Pharmacists are allied health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use...
in many countries. In some countries, it has been superseded by the Master of Pharmacy
Master of Pharmacy
A Master of Pharmacy is an academic degree in the field of pharmacy, which may be undergraduate or postgraduate depending on the country concerned. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy as the prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist...
(MPharm) and Doctor of Pharmacy
Doctor of Pharmacy
A Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.-Kenya :...
(PharmD) degrees. In the United States, this degree was granted as the baccalaureate pharmacy degree only at Washington State University, where it has now been superseded by the PharmD degree. The degree previously offered within the US—and still the required degree in Canada—is the Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy.
Australia
In AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, the BPharm degree is awarded following a four-year undergraduate pharmacy program. Australian undergraduate pharmacy courses were previously three years, but were increased to four years during the 1990s with an increased emphasis on pharmacy practice
Pharmacy practice
Pharmacy practice is the discipline of pharmacy which involves developing the professional roles of pharmacists.-Areas of practice:Areas of pharmacy practice include:*Disease-state management...
education. During the early 2000s, two-year postgraduate Master of Pharmacy
Master of Pharmacy
A Master of Pharmacy is an academic degree in the field of pharmacy, which may be undergraduate or postgraduate depending on the country concerned. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy as the prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist...
courses were established by many universities, but to date these have accounted for a relatively minor proportion of pharmacy graduates.
All BPharm programs in Australia are accredited by the New Zealand and Australian Pharmacy Schools Accreditation Committee (NAPSAC). Programs provide training in fields including: pharmacology, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacy practice (including pharmacotherapeutics, disease state management, etc.), pharmaceutics, ethics, pharmacy law, pharmacy management, physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, kinetics, and compounding medications.
At present, either the BPharm degree or the MPharm
Master of Pharmacy
A Master of Pharmacy is an academic degree in the field of pharmacy, which may be undergraduate or postgraduate depending on the country concerned. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy as the prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist...
degree are acceptable for registration as a practicing pharmacist. See list of pharmacy schools: Australia for a listing of institutions offering the BPharm degree.
Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours)
As with most honours degrees at Australian universities, the awarding of a Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) (abbreviated BPharm(Hons)) is based on the completion of original researchResearch
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
and a high-level of academic performance. All other graduates are awarded a pass degree. Unlike most Honours degrees in Australia, an additional year of study is not required for a BPharm(Hons) as most universities integrate research and coursework in the fourth year of BPharm(Hons) programs.
Bachelor of Pharmacy (Rural)
In 2003, The University of Sydney began offering a four-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Rural) (abbreviated BPharm (Rural)) program at its OrangeOrange, New South Wales
Orange is a city in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is west of the state capital, Sydney, at an altitude of . Orange has an estimated population of 39,329 and the city is a major provincial centre....
campus. It was designed to address the continuing shortage of pharmacists in rural
Rural
Rural areas or the country or countryside are areas that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture...
areas and placed greater emphasis on rural aspects of pharmacy practice. Since most of the units-of-study were common to both the BPharm and BPharm (Rural), many of the lectures were delivered by academics at the main campus in Sydney with a live video broadcast to students at Orange.
The program was not offered in 2005, following the transfer of Orange campus to Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus university located in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory. It has campuses at Bathurst, Canberra, Albury-Wodonga, Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange, Wagga Wagga and Burlington, Ontario...
. Following a review, a new BPharm (Rural) program was offered from 2006 onwards at the university's main campus (Camperdown/Darlington campus).
Universities
Australian universities offering Bachelor or Master of Pharmacy programs (circa June 2010):- Charles Sturt UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityCharles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus university located in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory. It has campuses at Bathurst, Canberra, Albury-Wodonga, Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange, Wagga Wagga and Burlington, Ontario...
– Wagga WaggaWagga Wagga, New South WalesWagga Wagga is a city in New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Murrumbidgee River, and with an urban population of 46,735 people, Wagga Wagga is the state's largest inland city, as well as an important agricultural, military, and transport hub of Australia...
and Orange, New South WalesOrange, New South WalesOrange is a city in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is west of the state capital, Sydney, at an altitude of . Orange has an estimated population of 39,329 and the city is a major provincial centre.... - Curtin University of TechnologyCurtin University of TechnologyCurtin University is an Australian university based in Perth, Western Australia, with additional campuses in regional Western Australia and at Miri , Sydney and Singapore...
– Perth, Western AustraliaPerth, Western AustraliaPerth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000.... - James Cook UniversityJames Cook UniversityJames Cook University is a public university based in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The university has two Australian campuses, located in Townsville and Cairns respectively, and an international campus in Singapore. JCU is the second oldest university in Queensland—proclaimed in 1970—and the...
– Townsville, QueenslandTownsville, QueenslandTownsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Australia, in the state of Queensland. Adjacent to the central section of the Great Barrier Reef, it is in the dry tropics region of Queensland. Townsville is Australia's largest urban centre north of the Sunshine Coast, with a 2006 census... - La Trobe UniversityLa Trobe UniversityLa Trobe University is a multi-campus university in Victoria, Australia. It was established in 1964 by an Act of Parliament to become the third oldest university in the state of Victoria. The main campus of La Trobe is located in the Melbourne suburb of Bundoora; two other major campuses are...
– Bendigo, VictoriaBendigo, VictoriaBendigo is a major regional city in the state of Victoria, Australia, located very close to the geographical centre of the state and approximately north west of the state capital Melbourne. It is the second largest inland city and fourth most populous city in the state. The estimated urban... - Monash UniversityMonash UniversityMonash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....
– Parkville, VictoriaParkville, VictoriaParkville is an inner city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3 km north from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Melbourne. At the 2006 Census, the population was 4,980....
(formerly the Victorian College of PharmacyVictorian College of PharmacyMonash University, Parkville campus is a campus of Monash University, located in Parkville, Victoria, Australia. It is home to the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, previously known as the Victorian College of Pharmacy...
) - Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland University of TechnologyQueensland University of Technology is an Australian university with an applied emphasis in courses and research. Based in Brisbane, it has 40,000 students, including 6,000 international students, over 4,000 staff members, and an annual budget of more than A$750 million.QUT is marketed as "A...
– Brisbane, Australia - University of QueenslandUniversity of QueenslandThe University of Queensland, also known as UQ, is a public university located in state of Queensland, Australia. Founded in 1909, it is the oldest and largest university in Queensland and the fifth oldest in the nation...
– Brisbane, Queensland - University of South AustraliaUniversity of South AustraliaThe University of South Australia is a public university in the Australian state of South Australia. It was formed in 1991 with the merger of the South Australian Institute of Technology and Colleges of Advanced Education. It is the largest university in South Australia, with more than 36,000...
– Adelaide, South Australia - University of SydneyUniversity of SydneyThe University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...
– Sydney, New South Wales - University of TasmaniaUniversity of TasmaniaThe University of Tasmania is a medium-sized public Australian university based in Tasmania, Australia. Officially founded on 1 January 1890, it was the fourth university to be established in nineteenth-century Australia...
– Hobart, Tasmania - University of New England - Provisional Government Approval – Armidale, New South WalesArmidale, New South WalesArmidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale Dumaresq Shire had a population of 19,485 people according to the 2006 census. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands region...
- Griffith University + MParm for Registration – Gold Coast, QueenslandGold Coast, QueenslandGold Coast is a coastal city of Australia located in South East Queensland, 94km south of the state capital Brisbane. With a population approximately 540,000 in 2010, it is the second most populous city in the state, the sixth most populous city in the country, and also the most populous...
- University of Canberra - MParm with Registration – Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
- University of Newcastle - MParm with Registration – Newcastle, New South WalesNewcastle, New South WalesThe Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie Local Government Areas...
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Bachelor of Pharmacy is offered by the Chinese University of Hong KongChinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong is a research-led university in Hong Kong.CUHK is the only tertiary education institution in Hong Kong with Nobel Prize winners on its faculty, including Chen Ning Yang, James Mirrlees, Robert Alexander Mundell and Charles K. Kao...
(CUHK) under the Faculty of Medicine. The CUHK Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme started in 1992 and is the only pharmacy degree programme available in Hong Kong until 2009. It aims to train graduates to function independently as professional health care providers who, as part of the health care team, can provide first class pharmaceutical and health-related care for the health of Hong Kong citizens.
The Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) degree is awarded on satisfactory completion of at least three years of full-time study. To be considered for registration by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board Hong Kong as practising pharmacist in Hong Kong, the student must complete a further year of pre-registration training as required by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board.
However, starting from 2009, the University of Hong Kong (HKU) will also implement the Bachelor of Pharmacy under the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine.
CUHK offers 30 places while HKU offers 20 places each year.
Head of the department of B Pharm in M G University is Jaison Bhai.....
India
The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree is popularly known as B Pharm in IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. It is a four year program with both annual and semester schemes available. In order to be eligible, one must pass with at least 50% marks in 10 + 2 (or an equivqlent examination )with biology/mathematics as one of the subjects. In some states it is mandatory to give an additional pharmacy entrance examination in order to be eligible for the course.
On the other hand D Pharma students are too eligible for admission into B Pharma in second year directly via Lateral entry .
Colleges imparting Pharmaceutical education (D Pharma , B Pharma , M pharma or Pharm D must be approved by All Indian Council of Technical Education (AICTE ) or Pharmacy Council Of India (PCI). The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree is popularly known as B Pharm in India. It is a four year program with both annual and semester schemes available. In order to be eligible, one must pass with at least 50% marks in 10 + 2 (or an equivqlent examination )with biology/mathematics as one of the subjects. In some states it is mandatory to give an additional pharmacy entrance examination in order to be eligible for the course.
For a student to be eligible for registration as a Pharmacist the college from which thet graduated must be approved PCI . B pharma is often superseeded by M Pharma and Ph D level courses. Although minimum qualification required for registration as a pharmacist at PCI is D.Pharm Although in India B.PHARMA status is very poor there is no development conduct by any Indian government yet today. In India there is no scope for pharma students due to government fake polices.The Pharmacist is not recognised due to non availability of a Pharmacist at the Retail Pharmacies throughout India and no Judiciary action or the Government of India not interested in giving good and better qualified degree services as per the WHO norms to its citizens except to the pilgrimage to HAJ of mere 2 to 3 months where the minimum qualification is degree in Pharmacy. Hope the pharmacy council of India takes up this issue very seriously and upgrade the qualification to B.Pharma soon in this age of medical tourism as per the WHO norms where even the neighboring countries have already implemented degree as minimum qualification to be a Pharmacist and mainly the Colleges and Institutions take the step of totally banning Diploma course so that the services to the society are provided by their students qualified as per the WHO standards as per notification in the year 1988 implemented at least now after span of 23 years.
Prominent colleges imparting B Pharma in India approved by PCI as on September 30 , 2010 are
1. Madurai Medical College , Madurai , Tamil Nadu
2. Alwar Pharmacy college , Alwar , Rajasthan
3. Bharti Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sriganganagar
4 .Banaras Hindu University (BHU ) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh
5. Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR ), New Delhi
6. ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab
7. SGRR Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
8. Madras Medical College , Chennai , Tamil Nadu
9.Hamdard University, New Delhi
10.Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai, Maharashtra
11.Gyan Vihar School of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan
12.Srinivas College of Pharmacy,Valachil,Mangalore
13.Smt.Vidyawati college of Pharmacy,Uttar Pradesh,Jhansi
14.Indira College Of Pharmacy,Pune-33
15.Alard College of Pharmacy, Hinjewadi,Pune-411057
These are few colleges approved by PCI impartin B Pharma . List of colleges approved by PCI can be viewed by visiting www.pci.nic.in
Pakistan
PharmD is the only Basic Pharmacy Degree (5 years program) awarded by universities in Pakistan now. The program has to be approved by Pharmacy Council of Pakistan. Most universities in Pakistan have approved PharmD programs. Others are not accredited yet and need to overcome deficiencies before being appoved by pharmacy council PakistanIreland
BPharm degrees in the Republic of Ireland are offered by:- Trinity College, DublinTrinity College, DublinTrinity College, Dublin , formally known as the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I as the "mother of a university", Extracts from Letters Patent of Elizabeth I, 1592: "...we...found and...
- University College Cork
- Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , is a Dublin-based medical institution, situated on St. Stephen's Green. The college is one of the five Recognised Colleges of the National University of Ireland...
, Dublin
However in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...
(which is part of the United Kingdom) MPharm degrees (as opposed to BPharm degrees) are offered at Queen's University Belfast as in the rest of the UK.
United Kingdom
In the United KingdomUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, the BPharm degree was awarded following a three-year undergraduate pharmacy program. It was superseded in 1997 by the Master of Pharmacy
Master of Pharmacy
A Master of Pharmacy is an academic degree in the field of pharmacy, which may be undergraduate or postgraduate depending on the country concerned. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy as the prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist...
(MPharm) degree, awarded following a four year program, as a result of European Union harmonisation
Bologna process
The purpose of the Bologna Process is the creation of the European Higher Education Area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention...
.
See also
- Doctor of PharmacyDoctor of PharmacyA Doctor of Pharmacy is a professional doctorate degree in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a first professional degree, and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.-Kenya :...
- Master of PharmacyMaster of PharmacyA Master of Pharmacy is an academic degree in the field of pharmacy, which may be undergraduate or postgraduate depending on the country concerned. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy as the prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist...
- PharmacistPharmacistPharmacists are allied health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use...
- PharmaconomistPharmaconomistPharmaconomist means expert in pharmaceuticals . Pharmaconomists are a pharmaceutical professional group in Denmark with a 3 year higher tertiary education...
- List of pharmacy schools