BBCH-scale (cotton)
Encyclopedia
In biology, the BBCH-scale for cotton describes the phenological
development of cotton plant
s Gossypium hirsutum using the BBCH-scale
.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of cotton are:
1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0)
2 Side shoot development may occur earlier, if there is a vegetative side shoot continue with principal growth stage 2. If there is a reproductive side shoot (fruiting branch) continue with the principal growth stage 5
3 Vegetative side shoots are counted from the cotyledon node
4 “pin-head square” or “match-head square” is the first square which forms at the first fruiting position of the first fruiting branch
Phenology
Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate...
development of cotton plant
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
s Gossypium hirsutum using the BBCH-scale
BBCH-scale
The BBCH-scale is a scale used to identify the phenological development stages of a plant. A series of BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species...
.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of cotton are:
Growth stage | Code | Description |
---|---|---|
0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
01 | Beginning of seed imbibition Imbibition 'Imbibition' is defined as the displacement of one fluid by another immiscible fluid. This process is controlled and affected by a variety of factors... |
|
03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
05 | Radicle Radicle In botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil... emerged from seed |
|
06 | Elongation of radicle | |
07 | Hypocotyl Hypocotyl The hypocotyl is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons and above the radicle .-Dicots:... with cotyledons breaking through seed coat |
|
08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface | |
09 | Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through soil surface (“crook stage”) | |
1: Leaf development (Main shoot) | 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded1 |
11 | First true leaf unfolded1 | |
12 | 2nd true leaf unfolded1 | |
13 | 3rd true leaf unfolded1 | |
1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
19 | 9 or more true leaves unfolded;1 no side shoots visible2 | |
2: Formation of side shoots3 | 21 | First vegetative side shoot (2nd order) visible |
22 | 2 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible | |
23 | 3 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible | |
2 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
29 | 9 or more vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible | |
3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 31 | Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows |
32 | 20% of plants meet between rows | |
33 | 30% of plants meet between rows | |
34 | 40% of plants meet between rows | |
35 | 50% of plants meet between rows | |
36 | 60% of plants meet between rows | |
37 | 70% of plants meet between rows | |
38 | 80% of plants meet between rows | |
39 | Canopy closure: 90% of the plants meet between rows | |
5: Inflorescence Inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified... emergence (Main shoot) |
51 | First floral buds detectable (“pin-head square”)4 |
52 | First floral buds visible (“match-head square”)4 | |
55 | Floral buds distinctly enlarged | |
59 | Petals visible: floral buds still closed | |
6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers opened (sporadically within the population) |
61 | Beginning of flowering (“Early bloom”): 5–6 blooms / 25 ft of row (= 5–6 blooms / 7.5 meter of row) | |
65 | Full flowering: (“Mid bloom”): 11 and more blooms / 25 ft of row = 11 and more blooms / 7.5 meter of row | |
67 | Flowering finishing: majority of flowers faded (“Late bloom”) | |
69 | End of flowering | |
7: Development of fruits and seeds | 71 | About 10% of bolls have attained their final size |
72 | About 20% of bolls have attained their final size | |
73 | About 30% of bolls have attained their final size | |
74 | About 40% of bolls have attained their final size | |
75 | About 50% of bolls have attained their final size | |
76 | About 60% of bolls have attained their final size | |
77 | About 70% of bolls have attained their final size | |
78 | About 80% of bolls have attained their final size | |
79 | About 90% of bolls have attained their final size | |
8: Ripening of fruits and seeds | 80 | First open bolls on the first fruiting branches |
81 | Beginning of boll opening: about 10% of bolls open. Nodes Above White Flower (NAWF) | |
82 | About 20% of bolls open | |
83 | About 30% of bolls open. Nodes Above Cracked Boll (NACB) | |
84 | About 40% of bolls open | |
85 | About 50% of bolls open | |
86 | About 60% of bolls open | |
87 | About 70% of bolls open | |
88 | About 80% of bolls open | |
89 | About 90% of bolls open | |
9: Senescence | 91 | About 10% of leaves discoloured or fallen |
92 | About 20% of leaves discoloured or fallen | |
93 | About 30% of leaves discoloured or fallen | |
94 | About 40% of leaves discoloured or fallen | |
95 | About 50% of leaves discoloured or fallen | |
96 | About 60% of leaves discoloured or fallen | |
97 | Above ground parts of plant dead; plant dormant | |
99 | Harvested product (bolls and seeds) | |
1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0)
2 Side shoot development may occur earlier, if there is a vegetative side shoot continue with principal growth stage 2. If there is a reproductive side shoot (fruiting branch) continue with the principal growth stage 5
3 Vegetative side shoots are counted from the cotyledon node
4 “pin-head square” or “match-head square” is the first square which forms at the first fruiting position of the first fruiting branch