Ayya Vaikunda Avataram
Encyclopedia
The Ayya Vaikunda Avataram (Tamil
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...

: அய்யா வைகுண்ட அவதாரம் - Incarnation of Vaikundar) is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...

 on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur
Thiruchendur
Thiruchendur Murugan Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Muruga and one of the Arupadaiveedu of Lord Muruga. It is located in the small town of Thiruchendur in the district of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. It is 55 km south-east of Tirunelveli, 40 km from Tuticorin and 75 km...

 as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali
Kali
' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...

 and transform the Kaliyukam into Dharma Yukam
Dharma Yukam
Dharma Yukam is the state of absolute bliss as per Ayyavazhi mythology. This Dharma Yukam is stated in the Akilam seventeen in Akilattirattu Ammanai. This on one hand is related to Dharmic moksha and on the other viewed in relation to Abrahamic heaven....

.

This is the only Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...

 festival which is celebrated 'at a time' in all worship centres of Ayyavazhi on 19th Masi
Masi
Masi can refer to:*Masi Oka, actor, star of TV show Heroes*Masi , the Fijian term for the Paper Mulberry tree*Masi, Italy, a city in the province of Padua, northern Italy*Masi, Norway , a village in Finnmark, northern Norway...

 (3rd March), the day before the date of incarnation of Vaikundar.

Processions

A grand procession originates from Thiruchendur to Nagercoil on the 19th of Masi representing the way of Vaikundar after the Avataram to Detchanam
Detchanam
Detchanam literally means south or the land of south. It is also used to represent the Deccan Plateau and south India. In Akilattirattu Ammanai the word Detchanam represents the land of South India with Swamithoppe as its centre, and including a vast area of land, south-east to Kanyakumari....

, and another procession starts from Thiruvananthapuram to Nagercoil, on the same date representing the release of Lord Vaikundar from the Jail of Singarathoppe. Both meet at Nagercoil in the evening and at the next early morning, on the 20th of Masi The Vaikunda Avatara Orvalam originates from Nagercoil to Swamithoppe with several devotees. This is one of the largest festivals of the district which attracts a large crowd.

Thiruchendur Procession

As per the scriptures of Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...

 the incarnation of Vaikundar was from the Sea of Tiruchendur on 20th of Masi. So on celebrating this event the nation-wide followers of Ayyavazhi assemble at Tiruchendur on that day (19th Masi or 3 March) at Avatharappathi
Avatharappathi
Avathara Pathi is a phrase in Tamil which represents 'The place where God incarnates'. The Avathara Pathi is one among the holy places of the religion of Ayyavazhi, which had been erected in Thiruchendur...

, the Pathi
Pathi
Pathi is the name of the primary centres of congregational worship for the South Indian religious system of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple...

 erected on the sea-shore where Ayya is believed to be incarnated.

On 18th Masi, (previous day) night the festival at Tiruchendur is celebrated in a grand scale and several conferences, cultural programs and Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam is a term used for an Ayyavazhi ritual that involves sharing food without inter-dining. Inter-dining refers to the act of dining within ones own caste, and excluding others. The practice of Anna Dharmam may have emerged in association with inter-dining.-Origin:Inter-dining was an...

s were held and the celebration goes on for the full night. Then on the 19th Masi morning, around 8 O' clock the people assembled there will take a holy bath in the Sea of Thiruchendur under the leadership of Payyan (any one from Payyan dynasty
Payyan dynasty
Payyan dynasty is a family which manage and administer Swamithope pathi, the head quarters of Ayyavazhi. The genesis of Payyan dynasty was a bit uncertain. It was believed to be the descendants of Pothukkutty who was called as Payyan by Ayya Vaikundar...

)
. This practise of taking bath (holy dip) at Thiruchendur on the day of Vaikunda Avatar is considered sacred. The Payyan applies sacred 'Namam' on everybody's forehead. Then around 9 O' clock the procession starts from Tiruchendur
Tiruchendur
Thiruchendur is a panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This town has a different name called Thirucheer Alaiwai.-Demographics:...

 under the leadership of Payyan. The people follows Payyan chanting "Ayya Siva-siva Siva-siva ara-kara ara-kara". Several vehicles such as trucks, vans and cars follow the procession.

The procession goes through Seerkatchi, Nainarpathu, Udangudi
Udangudi
Udangudi is a Panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a small village in Tamil Nadu, India situated near Thiruchendur. The village was once known for Vetrilai and Karupatti.-Demographics:...

, Chettiarpuram, Theriyoor, Santhayadi, Kottankadu, Muthukrishnapuram, Padukapathu, Thattarmadam, Thisaiyanvilai and reaches Erumaikulam at noon. Here the people participate in Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam is a term used for an Ayyavazhi ritual that involves sharing food without inter-dining. Inter-dining refers to the act of dining within ones own caste, and excluding others. The practice of Anna Dharmam may have emerged in association with inter-dining.-Origin:Inter-dining was an...

. Then, the procession starts from here and travels through Ayankulam, Karaichuthupudur, Koodankulam, Chettikulam
Chettikulam
Chettikulam is a small coastal village in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India.It is 12 km from Kanyakumari on the road connecting Kanyakumari with Thiruchendur. The nearest town is Nagercoil. The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project has built a large township also known as Anuvijay Township...

, Chalaipudur, Avaraikulam
Avaraikulam
Avaraikulam is a village in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, India. A village with 90% of people working for Agriculture directly or indirectly. A temple Arulmigu Mutharamman Thirukovil is in the middle of the Village and which is famous for its Vaigasi Thiruvizha. It has a school named Baliah...

, Ambalavanapuram, Aralvaimozhi
Aralvaimozhi
Aralvaimozhi ' is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is a small village situated in southern India....

, Thovalai
Thovalai
Thovalai is a small village located in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The area is well known in India for its production of flowers, especially Jasmine.-Flower Industry:...

 and reaches Athalavilai.

Thiruvananthapuram Procession

Ayya Vaikundar
Ayya Vaikundar
Ayya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai , a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu Avatar of Narayana, incarnated as Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, a Nadar of Swamithoppe, Tamil Nadu Ayya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai (or Akilam), a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was...

, was released from the Jail of Singarathoppe
Singarathoppe
Singarathoppe is a small village near East Fort in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, south India. It was here Ayya Vaikundar was jailed by Kalineesan ....

 on 19th Masi, (3 March) after the trail with the king of Travancore
Travancore
Kingdom of Travancore was a former Hindu feudal kingdom and Indian Princely State with its capital at Padmanabhapuram or Trivandrum ruled by the Travancore Royal Family. The Kingdom of Travancore comprised most of modern day southern Kerala, Kanyakumari district, and the southernmost parts of...

, Swathi Thirunal. After the release Ayya was carried in a Vahana
Vahana
Vāhana denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular deva is said to use as a vehicle. In this capacity, the vāhana is often called the deity's mount. Upon the partnership between the deva and his vāhana is woven much iconography and mythology...

 to Swamithoppe, by his followers. So on celebrating this event the people use to go to Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram , formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland...

 on that day and go as a procession to Swamithoppe.

Though religiously, this celebration is not associated with the incarnation of Vaikundar, since it coincides with that day it too is commonly seen as an incarnational fest and is celebrated in the same vein. Though this was an on-foot procession for some years, now it was changed as a vehicle procession. Most of the people who participate in this procession are from Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

. Like wise the Tiruchendur
Tiruchendur
Thiruchendur is a panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This town has a different name called Thirucheer Alaiwai.-Demographics:...

 procession, this procession is also led by a Payyan.

All the people assemble in East Fort
East fort
The East Fort is located at the heart of the CBD of Thiruvananthapuram city, the capital city of Kerala- a South Indian state.-History:East Fort got its name from the eastern entrance to the fort built by the Kings of Travancore. The old city was all inside the fort on four sides with the Sri...

 in Thiruvananthapuram. There Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam
Anna Dharmam is a term used for an Ayyavazhi ritual that involves sharing food without inter-dining. Inter-dining refers to the act of dining within ones own caste, and excluding others. The practice of Anna Dharmam may have emerged in association with inter-dining.-Origin:Inter-dining was an...

 is held and around noon the procession starts from East Fort to Nagercoil
Nagercoil
Nagercoil is the 12th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District...

 through the Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram , formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland...

 - Kanyakumari Highway (NH - 47). It passes through the towns of Balaramapuram
Balaramapuram
Balaramapuram is a village in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India. It is considered as the second market hub of Thiruvananthapuram, the first being Chalai market in Thiruvananthapuram city....

, Parasala, Kaliyakkavilai
Kaliyakkavilai
Kaliyakkavilai is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.-Demographics: India census, Kaliyakkavilai had a population of 13,307. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kaliyakkavilai has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national...

, Marthandam
Marthandam
Martandam is a major trade centre in Kuzhithurai municipality across National Highway in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India, at the border with Kerala. Originally called Thoduvetty, it was a portion of Kanyakumari district which was added to the state of Tamil Nadu on November 1, 1956...

, and Thuckalay
Thuckalay
Thuckalay -தக்கலை- is a town in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. Thuckalay comes under the Padmanabhapuram Municipality. Thuckalay is the administrative headquarter of Kalkulam Taluk. The Revenue Divisonal Office is located in Mettukadai. Thuckalay is connected by road from both...

 and finally reaches Athalavilai around 6.30 pm

Chennai Procession

Newly developing the Ayya Vaikunda Tharmapathi - Vakundapuram Manali New Town Chennai.

Celebration in Nagercoil

Both the Thiruchendur and Thiruvananthapuram processions unifies at Athalavilai. The 'Vaikunda Jyothi' is lighted on the top of a hillock Vaikunda Malai
Vaikunda Malai
The Vaikunda Malai is a hill which is part of the Mahendragiri Hills situated near Athala vilai of Kanyakumari district in the Western Ghats of India...

 at Athalavilai. Then the procession proceeds to Nagercoil. A religious conference is held there in Nagercoil. Eminent persons participate in the conference. It is followed by cultural and religious programs etc. Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...

 devotees from all over the nation stays here over the night.

The Great Masi Procession

On the next day on 20th of Masi, (4 March) 'The Great Masi Procession' begins early in the morning from Nagercoil. The Payyan
Payyan dynasty
Payyan dynasty is a family which manage and administer Swamithope pathi, the head quarters of Ayyavazhi. The genesis of Payyan dynasty was a bit uncertain. It was believed to be the descendants of Pothukkutty who was called as Payyan by Ayya Vaikundar...

 (usually Pattathu Ayya) will lead the procession. A decorated vahana
Vahana
Vāhana denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular deva is said to use as a vehicle. In this capacity, the vāhana is often called the deity's mount. Upon the partnership between the deva and his vāhana is woven much iconography and mythology...

 is carried in front of the procession in which the Akilattirattu Ammanai
Akilattirattu Ammanai
Akilathirattu Ammanai , also called Thiru Edu , is the main religious text of the Tamil belief system Ayyavazhi...

 (palm-leaf version) is sacredly placed. This is a on-foot procession and people walk following the vahana, chanting Ayya 'Siva-siva Siva-siva Ara-kara Ara-kara' . The participants will hold a saffron flag on their hands. Decorated Elephant
Elephant
Elephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct...

s and horse
Horse
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...

s participate in this procession.

The procession goes through Edalakudi, Suchindrum, Vazukamparai, Ethankadu, North Thamaraikulam. As a sign of religious harmony, people of different faiths, Christians at Kottar
Kottar
Kottar is a locality and a thriving bazaar area of Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu state, India; though a part of Nagercoil today, it is the original town around which the city of Nagercoil, near the southernmost tip of Peninsular India, grew. It was an ancient trade center of both Pandyas and Cheras at...

; Muslims at Edalakkudi; and Hindus at Suchindram
Suchindram
Suchindram Suchindram Suchindram (Tamil: சுசீந்திரம் is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is an important pilgrim centre and the site of the famous Thanumalayan Temple (Tamil: தாணுமாலயன் கோயில்).-Geography:Suchindram is located at...

; welcome the procession by offering churul or garlands on the way. The procession reaches Swamithoppe at 12 noon and goes to the Muthirikkinaru first and then through the four car streets (Ratha veethi) of Swamithope pathi
Swamithope Pathi
Swamithoppe Pathi , Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavai-pathi, Thamarai-pathi or Thalaimaippathi [Thalaimai + pathi] is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam...

. Then it goes around the Santhana veethi, the inner-circumambulating route of pathi (shown in the blue print above). Before entering the Pathi
Pathi
Pathi is the name of the primary centres of congregational worship for the South Indian religious system of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple...

 the people hand over the flags at the pathi.
Lakhs of Ayyavazhi followers participate in this procession, and thousands of Vehicles follows. So the transport on Nagercoil
Nagercoil
Nagercoil is the 12th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District...

-Kanyakumari Highway will be closed on that day till noon. This is one of the largest festivals of the state which attracts a huge crowd beyond the state.

This day was announced as a holiday by the government of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...

 for the districts of Kanyakumari from 1993 and for Tirunelveli
Tirunelveli
Tirunelveli , also known as Nellai , and historically as Tinnevelly, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Tirunelveli District and the sixth biggest city in Tamil Nadu...

 and Tuticorin from the year 2006.

Other processions

Also, several other Pathi
Pathi
Pathi is the name of the primary centres of congregational worship for the South Indian religious system of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple...

s too conduct processions on that day. Apart from these, the festival is also celebrated all over Tamil Nadu and Kerala grandly with processions in some Thangal
Nizhal Thangal
Nizhal Thangal are secondary worship places of the Ayyavazhi, often smaller in size compared to Pathis, built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai...

s including in chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...

 in which thousands participate.

See also

  • List of Ayyavazhi-related articles
  • Ayyavazhi mythology
    Ayyavazhi mythology
    Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and a sect of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. The main source of Ayyavazhi mythology is the Ayyavazhi scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai, and its supplement, Arul Nool. The Akilattirattu Ammanai is a recitation by Mayon to...

  • Ayya Vaikundar
    Ayya Vaikundar
    Ayya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai , a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu Avatar of Narayana, incarnated as Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, a Nadar of Swamithoppe, Tamil Nadu Ayya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai (or Akilam), a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was...

  • Avatharappathi
    Avatharappathi
    Avathara Pathi is a phrase in Tamil which represents 'The place where God incarnates'. The Avathara Pathi is one among the holy places of the religion of Ayyavazhi, which had been erected in Thiruchendur...

  • Singarathoppe
    Singarathoppe
    Singarathoppe is a small village near East Fort in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, south India. It was here Ayya Vaikundar was jailed by Kalineesan ....

  • Swamithope pathi
    Swamithope Pathi
    Swamithoppe Pathi , Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavai-pathi, Thamarai-pathi or Thalaimaippathi [Thalaimai + pathi] is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam...

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