Axis victory in World War II
Encyclopedia
An Axis
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...

 victory in World War II
is a common concept in alternate history. World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 alternate histories are one of the two most popular points of divergence
Point of divergence
In discussion of counterfactual history, a divergence point , also referred to as a departure point or point of divergence , is a historical event with two possible postulated outcomes...

 in the English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 (the other being the American Civil War
American Civil War alternate histories
American Civil War alternate histories are texts wherein events during the American Civil War occurred differently from those in history. The most common variant of these detail the victory and survival of the Confederate States of America...

). Such writings express the fear of what the world would be like had the Axis powers of Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

, Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...

 and Japan won World War II and tell the reader to take the necessary steps to avoid anything similar from being victorious.

Background

The earliest examples, such as Swastika Night
Swastika Night
Swastika Night is a futuristic novel first published in 1937 and republished in 1940 by Katharine Burdekin, writing under the pseudonym Murray Constantine. Swastika Night was a Left Book Club selection in 1940....

, appeared in 1937, when Nazi Germany still existed, and were therefore at the time of writing a future history
Future history
A future history is a postulated history of the future and is used by authors in the subgenre of speculative fiction to construct a common background for fiction...

 rather than an alternate one.

Different writers provide considerably different scenarios. In some cases, the Nazis are depicted as having won in Europe, but the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 still stands free (1945, SS-GB
SS-GB
SS-GB is an alternate history novel by Len Deighton, set in a United Kingdom fictionally conquered and occupied by Germany during World War II. The novel's title refers to the branch of the Nazi SS that controls Britain.-Plot summary:...

, Fatherland
Fatherland (novel)
Fatherland is a bestselling 1992 thriller by the English writer and journalist Robert Harris. It takes the form of a high concept alternative history set in a world in which Nazi Germany won World War II.The novel was an immediate bestseller in Britain...

); in others, the Nazis and Imperial Japanese conquered the whole world and there is none left to confront them (Swastika Night
Swastika Night
Swastika Night is a futuristic novel first published in 1937 and republished in 1940 by Katharine Burdekin, writing under the pseudonym Murray Constantine. Swastika Night was a Left Book Club selection in 1940....

, The Ultimate Solution
The Ultimate Solution
The Ultimate Solution is an 1973 alternate history by journalist and former Playboy interviewer Eric Norden, set in a world where the Axis forces won World War II and partitioned the world between them, and is noted for its particularly grim tone....

, The Sound of His Horn
The Sound of His Horn
The Sound of His Horn is a 1952 dystopian time travel/alternate history novel by the senior British diplomat John William Wall, written with the pseudonym Sarban. It relates the story of a British naval lieutenant, Alan Querdillon who, after becoming a POW during the Battle of Crete awakens in a...

). Even in such situations, some scenarios find reasons for hope for Allied supporters (in December 7, 1941: A Different Path
December 7, 1941: A Different Path
December 7, 1941: A Different Path is a 1995 alternate history novel by David L. Alley which premises a different course for the Second World War when the Japanese decide to attack the Soviet Union instead of the United States.-Plot summary:...

, Albert Speer
Albert Speer
Albert Speer, born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office...

 saves the world when all hope seems lost; and In the Presence of Mine Enemies
In the Presence of Mine Enemies
In the Presence of Mine Enemies is an alternate history novel by American author Harry Turtledove, expanded from the eponymous short story. The novel depicts a world where the United States remained isolationist and did not participate in the Second World War, thus allowing victory to the Axis...

 posits a victorious Nazi regime eventually undergoing an analogue of Perestroyka).

In some cases, the Nazi victory nightmare is reversed and annulled through the use of time travel
Time travel
Time travel is the concept of moving between different points in time in a manner analogous to moving between different points in space. Time travel could hypothetically involve moving backward in time to a moment earlier than the starting point, or forward to the future of that point without the...

 (The Proteus Operation
The Proteus Operation
The Proteus Operation is a science fiction novel which was written by James P. Hogan and published in 1985. Alternate history, time travel, and parallel universes form the basis of its plot, in which a group of military commandos, diplomats, and scientists travel back to 1939...

, Making History, Timewyrm: Exodus
Timewyrm: Exodus
Timewyrm: Exodus is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels...

, Philadelphia Experiment II
Philadelphia Experiment II
Philadelphia Experiment II is a 1993 science fiction film. It is the sequel to the 1984 film The Philadelphia Experiment, but has none of the same cast or crew and only two of the same characters...

 and the two-part Star Trek: Enterprise television episode Storm Front). In some of these cases, however, the Nazi victory was itself the result of interference by time travelers:
  • In The Big Time
    The Big Time
    The Big Time is a short science fiction novel by Fritz Leiber. It won the Hugo Award in 1958.The Big Time is a vast, cosmic back story, hidden behind a claustrophobic front story with only a few characters.-Plot:...

     it is a "minor" side effect of a great cosmic war waged throughout all of time and space.
  • In the 1967 Star Trek
    Star Trek: The Original Series
    Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, produced by Desilu Productions . Star Trek was telecast on NBC from September 8, 1966, through June 3, 1969...

     episode "The City on the Edge of Forever", a woman whose death is prevented by Dr. McCoy
    Leonard McCoy
    Leonard "Bones" McCoy is a character in the Star Trek media franchise. First portrayed by DeForest Kelley in the original Star Trek series, McCoy also appears in the animated Star Trek series, seven Star Trek movies, the pilot episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, and in numerous books,...

     in 1930 goes on to lead a pacifist movement which delays US entry into the war long enough for the Third Reich to win the nuclear arms race
    Nuclear arms race
    The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War...

    . After realizing what has happened (and that the woman in question - who he had fallen in love with - must be allowed to die), Kirk
    James T. Kirk
    James Tiberius "Jim" Kirk is a character in the Star Trek media franchise. Kirk was first played by William Shatner as the principal lead character in the original Star Trek series. Shatner voiced Kirk in the animated Star Trek series and appeared in the first seven Star Trek movies...

     notes with great sadness that, when taking hold at the wrong time in history, the philosophy of peace and unity that has helped turn the Earth of his era into a utopian society when poverty, war, and prejudice are a thing of the past has been disastrous for the human race - producer Robert Justman later said that "of course" the story was intended as a tacit condemnation of the anti-war movement coming into its own at the time.)
  • In Storm Front , which also casts the divergence as being part of an intertemporal conflict
    Temporal Cold War
    The Temporal Cold War is a fictional conflict waged throughout history in the Star Trek universe, predominantly during the 22nd century AD...

    , the murder of Lenin
    Vladimir Lenin
    Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...

     in 1916 (after which witnesses claimed his killer "vanished into thin air
    Transporter (Star Trek)
    A transporter is a fictional teleportation machine used in the Star Trek universe. Transporters convert a person or object into an energy pattern , then "beam" it to a target, where it is reconverted into matter...

    ") prevents the Bolshevik revolution
    October Revolution
    The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...

     from ever taking place, and Hitler does not regard the Russia of this timeline as a threat to the Reich; as a result, the full weight of the Nazi war machine is directed at Western Europe, including a successful Battle of Britain, and by 1944 Germany has even conquered the northeastern United States as far south as South Carolina and as far west as central Ohio.


Some writers depict a considerable number of British and Americans as collaborating with a Nazi occupation, (It Happened Here
It Happened Here
It Happened Here is a 1966 British film, directed by Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo. It is set in an alternate history in which Nazi Germany successfully invades and occupies the United Kingdom during World War II.-Setting:...

, Collaborator
Collaborator (novel)
Collaborator is an alternate history novel by Murray Davies, published as a hardcover on 19 September 2003 and released in paperback in the United Kingdom and the United States in September 2004. The novel is set in a Nazi-occupied Great Britain in 1940 and 1941...

, SS-GB
SS-GB
SS-GB is an alternate history novel by Len Deighton, set in a United Kingdom fictionally conquered and occupied by Germany during World War II. The novel's title refers to the branch of the Nazi SS that controls Britain.-Plot summary:...

, The Ultimate Solution
The Ultimate Solution
The Ultimate Solution is an 1973 alternate history by journalist and former Playboy interviewer Eric Norden, set in a world where the Axis forces won World War II and partitioned the world between them, and is noted for its particularly grim tone....

), which is often intended as a critique on the actual societies and political systems of these countries. In other cases, a brave uprising and overthrow of the Nazi regime is depicted (Clash of Eagles
Clash of Eagles
-Plot summary:Nazi Germany launched a major invasion across the Atlantic, out of the United Kingdom which was conquered in the previous year. German forces under Erwin Rommel land in Quebec and sweep across New England to New York City...

).

Some books concentrate on internal American politics and how they could have produced a pro-Nazi administration in the US (The Plot Against America
The Plot Against America
The Plot Against America is a novel by Philip Roth published in 2004. It is an alternate history in which Franklin Delano Roosevelt is defeated in the presidential election of 1940 by Charles Lindbergh.-Plot introduction:...

), how a fully homegrown American fascist regime, a natural ally of the Nazis, might have appeared (K is for Killing), and how disaster might have followed a misguided isolationism
Isolationism
Isolationism is the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by...

 ( The Divide
The Divide (novel)
The Divide is a 1980 alternate history novel by William Overgard.-Background - historical divergence from our history:After the Nazis force the surrender of Britain and France in 1940, Burton K. Wheeler, running as the Isolationist Party candidate, defeats President Franklin Roosevelt on a pledge...

 ). All of these themes have obvious implications for actual United States politics at the time of writing.

Some books concentrate on the Imperial Japanese side of the Axis victory, rather than the Nazi aspect (The Man in the High Castle
The Man in the High Castle
The Man in the High Castle is a science fiction alternate history novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It won a Hugo Award in 1963 and has since been translated into many languages....

, The Bush Soldiers
The Bush Soldiers
The Bush Soldiers is a 1984 alternate history novel by New Zealand-born author John Hooker, set in Australia in 1943. During the Second World War, the Japanese have successfully conquered and occupied most of the coastal fringe of the country...

). In some cases, a specific country is the focus (Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

 in Attentatet i Pålsjö skog
Attentatet i Pålsjö skog
Attentatet i Pålsjö skog is a 1996 alternate history novel by Hans Alfredson. In the book a group of Swedish anti-fascists blow up a German train passing through Sweden, killing several hundred German soldiers and Eva Braun who was on board...

, though this "victory", a May 1941 invasion of Sweden, actually hastens the eventual Allied triumph, as the resultant three-week delay of Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that began on 22 June 1941. Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a front., the largest invasion in the history of warfare...

 allows the Soviet Union to prepare for invasion and turn it back far more effectively - as a result, Hitler is defeated by the end of 1944; Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

 in The Bush Soldiers
The Bush Soldiers
The Bush Soldiers is a 1984 alternate history novel by New Zealand-born author John Hooker, set in Australia in 1943. During the Second World War, the Japanese have successfully conquered and occupied most of the coastal fringe of the country...

; India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 in The Last Article
The Last Article
The Last Article , is an alternate history short story by Harry Turtledove. The story describes a Nazi invasion of India and the reaction of the Germans to the nonviolent resistance and pacifism of Gandhi and his followers.-Plot summary:...

, which constitutes a critique of Gandhi's non-violence). In others, such as After Dachau
After Dachau
After Dachau is a novel written by Ishmael author Daniel Quinn that was published in 2001.-Plot summary:The story is narrated by a young rich man, heir to a huge sum of money. He devotes his life to an organization called "We Live Again" which investigates the reality of reincarnation...

, the scenario of a Nazi victory is used as a means to convey the writer's wider political and philosophical ideas.

Harry Turtledove
Harry Turtledove
Harry Norman Turtledove is an American novelist, who has produced works in several genres including alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy and science fiction.- Life :...

's Worldwar series constitutes a special case, where the Nazis remain in control of Germany past 1945, without winning against the Allies, because extraterrestrials invaded Earth in 1942 and forced humans to unite against them (this has the positive effect of the aliens conquering Poland, closing down Auschwitz and saving most East European Jews from the Final Solution
Final Solution
The Final Solution was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during World War II, resulting in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust...

).

Some academics, such as Gavriel David Rosenfeld
Gavriel David Rosenfeld
Gavriel D. Rosenfeld is Associate Professor of History at Fairfield University. His area of specialization is the history and memory of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.-Education:...

 in The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism (2005), have taken up the research of this sub-genre and its various implications as a subject of full-scale academic research.

In 1978, UK Misty (comics)
Misty (comics)
Misty was a British comic for girls published by Fleetway in London from 4th Feb 1978 until 1984, after merging with Tammy on 19 January 1980. It consisted of a collection of many small strips, with the stories themselves normally being three or four pages long...

 published "The Sentinels". The Sentinels were two apartment blocks which served as a gateway between our universe and an alternate universe where Nazi Germany conquered Britain in 1940. People kept stumbling in from both sides, causing terror over unexplained disappearances and worse, mix-ups over parallel world doubles. This culminated in the Gestapo mistakenly arresting a man from our universe and people from both worlds uniting for the rescue mission.

Literature

  • 1945 by Newt Gingrich
    Newt Gingrich
    Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich is a U.S. Republican Party politician who served as the House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995 and as the 58th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999....

     and William R. Forstchen
    William R. Forstchen
    William R. Forstchen is an American author who began publishing in 1983 with the novel Ice Prophet. He is a Professor of History and Faculty Fellow at Montreat College, in Montreat, North Carolina...

  • '48 by James Herbert
    James Herbert
    James Herbert, OBE is a best-selling English horror writer who originally worked as the art director of an advertising agency. He is a full-time writer who also designs his own book covers and publicity.-Family:...

  • The Afrika Reich
    The Afrika Reich
    The Afrika Reich is a 2011 alternate history action thriller novel by Guy Saville. In this world, the point of divergence occurs when Great Britain is defeated by Nazi Germany during the Dunkirk campaign in 1940, forcing Britain to conclude a non-aggression pact with Germany...

     by Guy Saville
  • After Dachau
    After Dachau
    After Dachau is a novel written by Ishmael author Daniel Quinn that was published in 2001.-Plot summary:The story is narrated by a young rich man, heir to a huge sum of money. He devotes his life to an organization called "We Live Again" which investigates the reality of reincarnation...

     by Daniel Quinn
    Daniel Quinn
    Daniel Quinn is an American writer described as an environmentalist. He is best known for his book Ishmael , which won the Turner Tomorrow Fellowship Award in 1991....

  • All The King's Men by Gordon Stevens
  • All Evil Shed Away by Archie Roy
    Archie Roy
    - Career :Professor Archie Edminston Roy , was educated at Hillhead High School and the University of Glasgow. He is married to Frances with three sons; Dr. Archie W N Roy, Ian Roy and David Roy....

  • Attentatet i Pålsjö skog
    Attentatet i Pålsjö skog
    Attentatet i Pålsjö skog is a 1996 alternate history novel by Hans Alfredson. In the book a group of Swedish anti-fascists blow up a German train passing through Sweden, killing several hundred German soldiers and Eva Braun who was on board...

     by Hans Alfredson
    Hans Alfredson
    Hans Folke "Hasse" Alfredson is a Swedish actor, film director, writer and comedian. He was born in Malmö, Sweden. He is known for his collaboration with Tage Danielsson...

  • Axis of Time
    Axis of Time
    The Axis of Time trilogy is an alternate history series of novels written by Australian journalist and author John Birmingham, from Macmillan Publishing.-Plot:...

     by John Birmingham
    John Birmingham
    John Birmingham is an Australian author. Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England and migrated to Australia with his parents in 1970.-Early life and career:...

  • The Big Time
    The Big Time
    The Big Time is a short science fiction novel by Fritz Leiber. It won the Hugo Award in 1958.The Big Time is a vast, cosmic back story, hidden behind a claustrophobic front story with only a few characters.-Plot:...

     by Fritz Leiber
    Fritz Leiber
    Fritz Reuter Leiber, Jr. was an American writer of fantasy, horror and science fiction. He was also a poet, actor in theatre and films, playwright, expert chess player and a champion fencer. Possibly his greatest chess accomplishment was winning clear first in the 1958 Santa Monica Open.. With...

  • The Bush Soldiers
    The Bush Soldiers
    The Bush Soldiers is a 1984 alternate history novel by New Zealand-born author John Hooker, set in Australia in 1943. During the Second World War, the Japanese have successfully conquered and occupied most of the coastal fringe of the country...

     by John Hooker
  • The Children's War
    The Children's War
    The Children's War is a 2001 alternate history novel by J.N. Stroyar. It is was followed by the sequel A Change of Regime. The book was the long form winner of the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in 2001.-Background:...

     by J.N. Stroyar
  • Clash of Eagles
    Clash of Eagles
    -Plot summary:Nazi Germany launched a major invasion across the Atlantic, out of the United Kingdom which was conquered in the previous year. German forces under Erwin Rommel land in Quebec and sweep across New England to New York City...

     by Leo Rutman
    Leo Rutman
    Leo Rutman is an American author and playwright. His novels are generally set in New York City during the twentieth century.Rutman has received playwriting awards from Yale University, Brandeis University, and Columbia University...

  • Collaborator
    Collaborator (novel)
    Collaborator is an alternate history novel by Murray Davies, published as a hardcover on 19 September 2003 and released in paperback in the United Kingdom and the United States in September 2004. The novel is set in a Nazi-occupied Great Britain in 1940 and 1941...

     by Murray Davies
    Murray Davies
    - Biography :Murray Davies was born into a mining family in South Wales. He won a scholarship to UCW Aberystwyth where he studied International Politics, followed by an MA in First World War poetry. He worked for the Daily Mail and Mirror Group as a reporter and feature writer. After twenty years...

  • December 7, 1941: A Different Path
    December 7, 1941: A Different Path
    December 7, 1941: A Different Path is a 1995 alternate history novel by David L. Alley which premises a different course for the Second World War when the Japanese decide to attack the Soviet Union instead of the United States.-Plot summary:...

     by David L. Alley
  • The Divide
    The Divide (novel)
    The Divide is a 1980 alternate history novel by William Overgard.-Background - historical divergence from our history:After the Nazis force the surrender of Britain and France in 1940, Burton K. Wheeler, running as the Isolationist Party candidate, defeats President Franklin Roosevelt on a pledge...

     by William Overgard
    William Overgard
    William Overgard , was an American cartoonist and writer with a diverse opus, including novels, screenplays, animation, and the comic strips Steve Roper and Mike Nomad and Rudy. For a picture, see his biography card at ....

  • K is for Killing by Daniel Easterman
  • In the Presence of Mine Enemies
    In the Presence of Mine Enemies
    In the Presence of Mine Enemies is an alternate history novel by American author Harry Turtledove, expanded from the eponymous short story. The novel depicts a world where the United States remained isolationist and did not participate in the Second World War, thus allowing victory to the Axis...

     by Harry Turtledove
    Harry Turtledove
    Harry Norman Turtledove is an American novelist, who has produced works in several genres including alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy and science fiction.- Life :...

  • The Iron Dream
    The Iron Dream
    The Iron Dream is a metafictional 1972 alternate history novel by Norman Spinrad.The book has a nested narrative that tells a story within a story. On the surface, the novel presents an unexceptional pulp, post-apocalypse science fiction action tale entitled Lord of the Swastika...

     by Norman Spinrad
    Norman Spinrad
    Norman Richard Spinrad is an American science fiction author.Born in New York City, Spinrad is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science. In 1957 he entered City College of New York and graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Science degree as a pre-law major. In 1966 he moved to San Francisco,...

     (Fantasy
    Fantasy
    Fantasy is a genre of fiction that commonly uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary element of plot, theme, or setting. Many works within the genre take place in imaginary worlds where magic is common...

     analogue of World War II
    World War II
    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

    )
  • Farthing
    Farthing (novel)
    Farthing is an alternate history novel written by Jo Walton and published by Tor Books in August, 2006. A sequel, Ha'penny, was released in October 2007 by Tor Books. A third novel in the series, Half a Crown, was released in September 2008, also from Tor.-Background:The novel is set in the 1949...

    , Ha'penny
    Ha'penny (novel)
    Ha'penny is a science fiction novel written by Jo Walton and published by Tor Books in October, 2007.-Plot summary:The book is mystery thriller set inside an alternate history in which the United Kingdom made peace with Adolf Hitler in 1941....

    , and Half a Crown
    Half a Crown (novel)
    Half a Crown is a science fiction novel written by Jo Walton published by Tor Books in September, 2008. The first "Small Change" novel, Farthing, was released in August 2006...

     by Jo Walton
    Jo Walton
    Jo Walton is a Welsh-Canadian fantasy and science fiction writer and poet. She won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 2002 and the World Fantasy award for her novel Tooth and Claw in 2004. Her novel Ha'penny was a co-winner of the 2008 Prometheus Award...

  • Fatherland
    Fatherland (novel)
    Fatherland is a bestselling 1992 thriller by the English writer and journalist Robert Harris. It takes the form of a high concept alternative history set in a world in which Nazi Germany won World War II.The novel was an immediate bestseller in Britain...

    , by Robert Harris
    Robert Harris (novelist)
    Robert Dennis Harris is an English novelist. He is a former journalist and BBC television reporter.-Early life:Born in Nottingham, Harris spent his childhood in a small rented house on a Nottingham council estate. His ambition to become a writer arose at an early age, from visits to the local...

  • The Last Article
    The Last Article
    The Last Article , is an alternate history short story by Harry Turtledove. The story describes a Nazi invasion of India and the reaction of the Germans to the nonviolent resistance and pacifism of Gandhi and his followers.-Plot summary:...

     by Harry Turtledove
    Harry Turtledove
    Harry Norman Turtledove is an American novelist, who has produced works in several genres including alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy and science fiction.- Life :...

  • The Leader by Guy Walters
    Guy Walters
    Guy Walters is a British author and journalist.-Life and career:Guy Walters was born in Kensington, London. A descendant of Richard Harris Barham and Edward Augustus Bond, he was educated at Cheam School, Eton College, Westfield College, University of London , and is studying for a PhD in history...

  • Living Space
    Living Space
    "Living Space" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the May 1956 issue of Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1957 collection Earth Is Room Enough...

     by Isaac Asimov
    Isaac Asimov
    Isaac Asimov was an American author and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. Asimov was one of the most prolific writers of all time, having written or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000...

  • Making History by Stephen Fry
    Stephen Fry
    Stephen John Fry is an English actor, screenwriter, author, playwright, journalist, poet, comedian, television presenter and film director, and a director of Norwich City Football Club. He first came to attention in the 1981 Cambridge Footlights Revue presentation "The Cellar Tapes", which also...

  • The Man in the High Castle
    The Man in the High Castle
    The Man in the High Castle is a science fiction alternate history novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It won a Hugo Award in 1963 and has since been translated into many languages....

     by Philip K. Dick
    Philip K. Dick
    Philip Kindred Dick was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist whose published work is almost entirely in the science fiction genre. Dick explored sociological, political and metaphysical themes in novels dominated by monopolistic corporations, authoritarian governments and altered...

  • Pavelićeva oporuka (Pavelić's Will) by Mirko Ćurić
  • The Plot Against America
    The Plot Against America
    The Plot Against America is a novel by Philip Roth published in 2004. It is an alternate history in which Franklin Delano Roosevelt is defeated in the presidential election of 1940 by Charles Lindbergh.-Plot introduction:...

     by Philip Roth
    Philip Roth
    Philip Milton Roth is an American novelist. He gained fame with the 1959 novella Goodbye, Columbus, an irreverent and humorous portrait of Jewish-American life that earned him a National Book Award...

  • The Proteus Operation
    The Proteus Operation
    The Proteus Operation is a science fiction novel which was written by James P. Hogan and published in 1985. Alternate history, time travel, and parallel universes form the basis of its plot, in which a group of military commandos, diplomats, and scientists travel back to 1939...

     by James P. Hogan
    James P. Hogan (writer)
    James Patrick Hogan was a British science fiction author.-Biography:Hogan was born in London, England. He was raised in the Portobello Road area on the west side of London...

  • The Sound of His Horn
    The Sound of His Horn
    The Sound of His Horn is a 1952 dystopian time travel/alternate history novel by the senior British diplomat John William Wall, written with the pseudonym Sarban. It relates the story of a British naval lieutenant, Alan Querdillon who, after becoming a POW during the Battle of Crete awakens in a...

     by Sarban
    Sarban (author)
    John William Wall , pen name Sarban, was a British writer and diplomat. Wall's diplomatic career lasted more than thirty years, but his writing career as Sarban was brief and not prolific, ending during the early 1950s...

  • SS-GB
    SS-GB
    SS-GB is an alternate history novel by Len Deighton, set in a United Kingdom fictionally conquered and occupied by Germany during World War II. The novel's title refers to the branch of the Nazi SS that controls Britain.-Plot summary:...

     by Len Deighton
    Len Deighton
    Leonard Cyril Deighton is a British military historian, cookery writer, and novelist. He is perhaps most famous for his spy novel The IPCRESS File, which was made into a film starring Michael Caine....

  • Swastika Night
    Swastika Night
    Swastika Night is a futuristic novel first published in 1937 and republished in 1940 by Katharine Burdekin, writing under the pseudonym Murray Constantine. Swastika Night was a Left Book Club selection in 1940....

     by Katharine Burdekin
    Katharine Burdekin
    Katharine Burdekin was a British novelist who wrote speculative fiction dealing with political, social, and spiritual issues. She was the sister of Rowena Cade, creator of the Minack Theatre in Cornwall. Many of her novels could be categorized as feminist utopian/dystopian fiction...

  • Timewyrm: Exodus
    Timewyrm: Exodus
    Timewyrm: Exodus is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels...

     (Doctor Who
    Doctor Who
    Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. The programme depicts the adventures of a time-travelling humanoid alien known as the Doctor who explores the universe in a sentient time machine called the TARDIS that flies through time and space, whose exterior...

     novel) by Terrance Dicks
    Terrance Dicks
    Terrance Dicks is an English writer, best known for his work in television and for writing a large number of popular children's books during the 1970s and 80s.- Early career :...

  • Through Road No Wither by Greg Bear
    Greg Bear
    Gregory Dale Bear is an American science fiction and mainstream author. His work has covered themes of galactic conflict , artificial universes , consciousness and cultural practices , and accelerated evolution...

  • The Ultimate Solution
    The Ultimate Solution
    The Ultimate Solution is an 1973 alternate history by journalist and former Playboy interviewer Eric Norden, set in a world where the Axis forces won World War II and partitioned the world between them, and is noted for its particularly grim tone....

     by Eric Norden
  • The Year Before Yesterday by Brian Aldiss
    Brian Aldiss
    Brian Wilson Aldiss, OBE is an English author of both general fiction and science fiction. His byline reads either Brian W. Aldiss or simply Brian Aldiss. Greatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss is a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society...


Movies

  • It Happened Here
    It Happened Here
    It Happened Here is a 1966 British film, directed by Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo. It is set in an alternate history in which Nazi Germany successfully invades and occupies the United Kingdom during World War II.-Setting:...

     (1966), a British film directed by Kevin Brownlow
    Kevin Brownlow
    Kevin Brownlow is a filmmaker, film historian, television documentary-maker, author, and Academy Award recipient. Brownlow is best known for his work documenting the history of the silent era. Brownlow became interested in silent film at the age of eleven. This interest grew into a career spent...

  • Philadelphia Experiment II
    Philadelphia Experiment II
    Philadelphia Experiment II is a 1993 science fiction film. It is the sequel to the 1984 film The Philadelphia Experiment, but has none of the same cast or crew and only two of the same characters...

     (1993)
  • Fatherland (1994)
  • Starship Troopers
    Starship Troopers (film)
    Starship Troopers is a 1997 American military science fiction film, written by Edward Neumeier , directed by Paul Verhoeven, loosely adapted from Starship Troopers, a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein. It is the only theatrically released film in the Starship Troopers franchise...

     (1997) - Though not stated outright in the film itself, Verhoeven has stated that it is set in a Universe where the Nazis won World War II and conquered the world.
  • Jackboots on Whitehall
    Jackboots on Whitehall
    Jackboots on Whitehall is a satirical film portraying an alternate history of the Second World War, in which Nazi Germany has seized London, causing the British to band together at Hadrian's Wall if they are to thwart the German invasion...


TV

  • The Other Man (1964 TV programme)
    The Other Man (1964 TV programme)
    The Other Man is a British television drama written by Giles Cooper and directed by Gordon Flemyng, starring Michael Caine, Siân Phillips and John Thaw...

  • An Englishman's Castle
    An Englishman's Castle
    An Englishman's Castle is a BBC television serial first broadcast in 1978 which was written by Philip Mackie. The story was set in an alternate history 1970s, in which Nazi Germany has won World War II and occupied England...

  • The City on the Edge of Forever (Star Trek
    Star Trek
    Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. The core of Star Trek is its six television series: The Original Series, The Animated Series, The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Enterprise...

     episode)
  • Storm Front  (Star Trek
    Star Trek
    Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. The core of Star Trek is its six television series: The Original Series, The Animated Series, The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Enterprise...

     episode)

See also

  • American Civil War alternate histories
    American Civil War alternate histories
    American Civil War alternate histories are texts wherein events during the American Civil War occurred differently from those in history. The most common variant of these detail the victory and survival of the Confederate States of America...

  • Pax Germanica
    Pax Germanica
    Pax Germanica, Latin for "German peace", described the peace in Germany after its foundation in 1871 by Otto von Bismarck, the Unification of Germany; it coincided with the Pax Britannica. Bismarck's alliance system was designed to preserve the new, powerful Germany by ensuring a European peace and...

  • Greater Germanic Reich
    Greater Germanic Reich
    The Greater Germanic Reich , fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation is the official state name of the political entity that Nazi Germany tried to establish in Europe during World War II...

  • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
    Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
    The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was a concept created and promulgated during the Shōwa era by the government and military of the Empire of Japan. It represented the desire to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers"...

  • Greater Italy
    Greater Italy
    Greater Italy , or Imperial Italy , was an ambitious project envisioned by fascist Italy in which the objective was to create an Italian empire which would expand, in addition to the irredentist claimed territories , to additional Mediterranean basin territories...

  • New Order (Nazism)
  • Operation Sea Lion#In fiction

Further reading

  • Rosenfeld, Gavriel David
    Gavriel David Rosenfeld
    Gavriel D. Rosenfeld is Associate Professor of History at Fairfield University. His area of specialization is the history and memory of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.-Education:...

    . The World Hitler Never Made. Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism (2005).
  • Tirghe, Carl. "Pax Germanicus in the future-historical". In Travellers in Time and Space: The German Historical Novel (2001).
  • Winthrop-Young, Geoffrey. "The Third Reich in Alternate History: Aspects of a Genre-Specific Depiction of Nazism". In Journal of Popular Culture, vol. 39 no. 5 (October 2006).

External links

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