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An audio filter is a type of filter used for processing sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
 signals. Many types of filters exist for applications including graphic equalizer
Equalizer

Equalizer or equaliser may refer to:*An equalization filter*An audio processing tool used for equalization*A blind equalization used in digital communications...
s, synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
s, sound effect
Sound effect

Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media....
s, CD
Compact Disc

A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store Data , originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since October 1982, remains the standard physical medium for sale of commercial Sound recording and reproduction to the present day....
 players and virtual reality
Virtual reality

Virtual reality is a technology which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment, whether that environment is a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world....
 systems.

In its simplest form, an audio
Audio frequency

An audio frequency , or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human. While the range of frequencies that any individual can hear is largely related to environmental factors, the generally accepted standard range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20,000 hertz....
 filter is typically designed to pass some frequency regions through unattenuated
Attenuation

In physics, attenuation is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium. For instance, sunlight is attenuated by dark glasses, and X-rays are attenuated by lead....
 while significantly attenuating others. In some applications, such as in the design of graphic equalizer
Equalizer

Equalizer or equaliser may refer to:*An equalization filter*An audio processing tool used for equalization*A blind equalization used in digital communications...
s or CD players, the filters are designed according to a set of objective criteria such as pass band, pass band attenuation, stop band, and stop band attenuation, where the pass bands are the frequency
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
 ranges for which audio is attenuated less than a specified maximum, and the stop bands are the frequency ranges for which the audio must be attenuated by a specified minimum.

In more complex cases, an audio filter can provide a feedback
Audio feedback

Audio feedback is a special kind of feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input and an audio output . In this example, a signal received by the microphone is Amplifier and passed out of the loudspeaker....
 loop, which introduces resonance
Resonance

In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude at certain Frequency, known as the system's resonance frequencies ....
 (ringing) alongside attenuation.






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An audio filter is a type of filter used for processing sound
Sound

Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a threshold of hearing to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations....
 signals. Many types of filters exist for applications including graphic equalizer
Equalizer

Equalizer or equaliser may refer to:*An equalization filter*An audio processing tool used for equalization*A blind equalization used in digital communications...
s, synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
s, sound effect
Sound effect

Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media....
s, CD
Compact Disc

A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store Data , originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since October 1982, remains the standard physical medium for sale of commercial Sound recording and reproduction to the present day....
 players and virtual reality
Virtual reality

Virtual reality is a technology which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated environment, whether that environment is a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world....
 systems.

In its simplest form, an audio
Audio frequency

An audio frequency , or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human. While the range of frequencies that any individual can hear is largely related to environmental factors, the generally accepted standard range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20,000 hertz....
 filter is typically designed to pass some frequency regions through unattenuated
Attenuation

In physics, attenuation is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium. For instance, sunlight is attenuated by dark glasses, and X-rays are attenuated by lead....
 while significantly attenuating others. In some applications, such as in the design of graphic equalizer
Equalizer

Equalizer or equaliser may refer to:*An equalization filter*An audio processing tool used for equalization*A blind equalization used in digital communications...
s or CD players, the filters are designed according to a set of objective criteria such as pass band, pass band attenuation, stop band, and stop band attenuation, where the pass bands are the frequency
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
 ranges for which audio is attenuated less than a specified maximum, and the stop bands are the frequency ranges for which the audio must be attenuated by a specified minimum.

In more complex cases, an audio filter can provide a feedback
Audio feedback

Audio feedback is a special kind of feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input and an audio output . In this example, a signal received by the microphone is Amplifier and passed out of the loudspeaker....
 loop, which introduces resonance
Resonance

In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude at certain Frequency, known as the system's resonance frequencies ....
 (ringing) alongside attenuation. Audio filters can also be designed to provide gain (boost) as well as attenuation.

In other applications, such as with synthesizers or sound effects, the aesthetic of the filter must be evaluated subjectively.

Audio filters can be implemented in analog circuitry as analog filters or in DSP
Digital signal processing

Digital signal processing is concerned with the representation of the signal s by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals....
 code or computer software as digital filter
Digital filter

In electronics, computer science and mathematics, a digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations on a Sampling , discrete-time Signal to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal....
s.

Non-linear filters are also used in audio applications: for example, compressors
Audio level compression

Dynamic range compression, also called DRC or simply compression, is a process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal. Compression is used during sound recording, live sound reinforcement, and broadcasting to control the level of audio....
, fuzz boxes, ring modulators.

Generically, the term 'audio filter' can be applied to mean anything which changes the timbre
Timbre

In music, timbre is the quality of a musical note or sound or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices or musical instruments....
, harmonic
Harmonic

In acoustics and telecommunication, a harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the Signalling that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency....
 content, pitch
Pitch (music)

Pitch represents the perceived fundamental frequency of a sound. It is one of the three major auditory system attributes of sounds along with loudness and timbre....
 or waveform
Waveform

Waveform means the shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a solid, liquid or gaseous medium.In many cases the medium in which the wave is being propagated does not permit a direct visual image of the form....
 of an audio signal.

See also

  • Audio crossover
    Audio crossover

    Audio crossovers are a class of electronic filters designed specifically for use in audio applications, especially hi-fi. Commonly used loudspeaker speaker driver are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum with acceptable loudness and lack of distortion by themselves....
  • Electronic filter
    Electronic filter

    Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal and/or to enhance wanted ones....
  • Linear filter
    Linear filter

    A linear filter applies a linear operator to a time-varying input signal. Linear filters are very common in electronics and digital signal processing , but they can also be found in mechanical engineering and other technologies....
  • Equalization filter
    Equalization filter

    An equalization filter is a filter , usually adjustable, chiefly meant to compensate for the unequal frequency response of some other signal processing circuit or system....