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Athlon 64 X2
 
 
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The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core
Multi-core (computing)

A multi-core processor combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single integrated circuit , called a Die , or more dies packaged together....
 desktop
Desktop computer

A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop or portable computer....
 CPU
Central processing unit

A central processing unit is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. This broad definition can easily be applied to many early computers that existed long before the term "CPU" ever came into widespread usage....
 designed by AMD. It is essentially a processor consisting of two Athlon 64
Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name Athlon, and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP....
 cores joined together on one die
Die (integrated circuit)

A die in the context of integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material, on which a given functional circuit is fabricated.Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon through processes such as photolithography....
 with additional control logic. The cores share one dual-channel memory controller, are based on the E-stepping model of Athlon 64 and, depending on the model, have either 512 or 1024 KB of L2 Cache
CPU cache

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access computer storage. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations....
 per core. The Athlon 64 X2 is capable of decoding SSE3
SSE3

SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
 instructions (except those few specific to Intel's architecture), so it can run and benefit from software optimizations that were previously only supported by Intel chips.






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The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core
Multi-core (computing)

A multi-core processor combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single integrated circuit , called a Die , or more dies packaged together....
 desktop
Desktop computer

A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop or portable computer....
 CPU
Central processing unit

A central processing unit is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. This broad definition can easily be applied to many early computers that existed long before the term "CPU" ever came into widespread usage....
 designed by AMD. It is essentially a processor consisting of two Athlon 64
Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name Athlon, and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP....
 cores joined together on one die
Die (integrated circuit)

A die in the context of integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material, on which a given functional circuit is fabricated.Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon through processes such as photolithography....
 with additional control logic. The cores share one dual-channel memory controller, are based on the E-stepping model of Athlon 64 and, depending on the model, have either 512 or 1024 KB of L2 Cache
CPU cache

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access computer storage. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations....
 per core. The Athlon 64 X2 is capable of decoding SSE3
SSE3

SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
 instructions (except those few specific to Intel's architecture), so it can run and benefit from software optimizations that were previously only supported by Intel chips. This enhancement is not unique to the X2, and is also available in the Venice and San Diego single core Athlon 64s.

In June 2007, AMD released low-voltage variants of their low-end 65 nm Athlon 64 X2
Athlon 64 X2

The Athlon 64 X2 is the first multi-core desktop computer Central processing unit designed by AMD. It is essentially a processor consisting of two Athlon 64 cores joined together on one Die with additional control logic....
, named "Athlon X2
Athlon 64 X2

The Athlon 64 X2 is the first multi-core desktop computer Central processing unit designed by AMD. It is essentially a processor consisting of two Athlon 64 cores joined together on one Die with additional control logic....
". The Athlon X2
Athlon 64 X2

The Athlon 64 X2 is the first multi-core desktop computer Central processing unit designed by AMD. It is essentially a processor consisting of two Athlon 64 cores joined together on one Die with additional control logic....
 processors feature reduced TDP
Thermal Design Power

The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
 of 45 W
WATT

WATT is a radio station broadcasting a News radio-Talk radio-Sports radio format. Licensed to Cadillac, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1945....
.

Multithreading

The main benefit of dual-core processors like the X2 is their ability to process more software threads
Thread (computer science)

In computer science, a thread of execution is a Fork of a computer program into two or more Concurrency running task s. The implementation of threads and process es differs from one operating system to another, but in most cases, a thread is contained inside a process....
 at the same time. The ability of processors to execute multiple threads simultaneously is called thread-level parallelism (TLP). By placing two cores on the same die, the X2 effectively doubles the TLP over a single-core Athlon 64 of the same speed. The need for TLP processing capability is dependent on the situation to a great degree, and certain situations benefit from it far more than others. Certain programs are currently only written with one thread, and are therefore unable to utilize the processing power of the second core.

Programs often written with multiple threads and capable of utilizing dual-cores include many music and video encoding applications, and especially professional rendering programs. High TLP applications currently correspond to server
Server (computing)

A server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs , in the same or other computer. The physical computer that runs a server program is also often referred to as server....
/workstation situations more than the typical desktop. These applications can realize almost twice the performance of a single-core Athlon 64 of the same specifications. Multi-tasking
Computer multitasking

In computing, multitasking is a method by which multiple tasks, also known as Computer process, share common processing resources such as a Central processing unit....
 also runs a sizable number of threads; intense multi-tasking scenarios have actually shown improvements of considerably more than two times . This is primarily due to the excessive overhead caused by constantly switching threads, and could potentially be improved by adjustments to operating system
Operating system

An operating system is an interface between hardware and applications; it is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer....
 scheduling code
Scheduling (computing)

Scheduling is a key concept in computer multitasking and multiprocessing operating system design, and in real-time operating system design. In modern operating systems, there are typically many more processes running than there are CPUs available to run them....
.

In the consumer segment of the market as well, the X2 improves upon the performance of the original Athlon 64, especially for multi-threaded software applications. The overall increase in performance of the entry level Athlon 64 X2 chip (the Athlon 64 X2 3800+) over the single-core Athlon 64
Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name Athlon, and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP....
 3800+ chip is almost 10%. The spread between the latter and the Athlon 64 X2 5000+ is almost 40% . One can interpret from these numbers that the majority of applications (at least in the benchmark test) are still largely single thread-dominated, hence the absence of a larger gap between the two 3800+ processors. As software programmers begin to take advantage of multi-core processing, the spread between single- and multi-core processors will increase.

Manufacturing costs

Having two cores, the Athlon 64 X2 has an increased number of transistor
Transistor

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to Electronic amplifier or switch Electronics signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit....
s. The 1-MB-L2-cache 90 nm Athlon 64 X2 processor is 219 mm˛ in size with 243 million transistor
Transistor

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to Electronic amplifier or switch Electronics signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit....
s whereas its 1-MB-L2-cache 90 nm Athlon 64
Athlon 64

The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name Athlon, and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP....
 counterpart is 103.1 mm˛ and has 164 million transistors . The 65 nm Athlon 64 X2 with only 512 KB L2 per Core reduced this to 118 mm˛ with 221 million transistors compared to the 65 nm Athlon 64 with 77.2 mm˛ and 122 million transistors. As a result, a larger area of silicon
Silicon

Silicon is the most common metalloid. It is a chemical element, which has the symbol Si and atomic number 14. The atomic mass is 28.0855....
 must be defect free
Crystallographic defect

Crystalline solids have a very regular atomic structure: that is, the local positions of atoms with respect to each other are repeated at the atomic scale....
. These size requirements necessitate a more complex fabrication process, which further adds to the production of fewer functional processors per single silicon wafer. This lower yield makes the X2 more expensive to produce than the single-core processor.

In the middle of June 2006 AMD stated that they would no longer make any non-FX Athlon 64 or Athlon 64 X2 models with 1-MB L2 caches . This led to only a small production number of the Socket-AM2 Athlon 64 X2 with 1 MB L2 cache per core, known as 4000+, 4400+, 4800+, and 5200+. The Athlon 64 X2 with 512 KB per core, known as 3800+, 4200+, 4600+, and 5000+, were produced in far greater numbers. The introduction of the F3 stepping then saw several models with 1 MB L2 cache per core as production refinements resulted in an increased yield.

Change of model nomenclatures

The model numbers of the new line of processors was apparently changed from the PR system used in its predecessors, the Athlon 64 X2. The new model numbering scheme, for later released Athlon X2 processors, is a four digit model number with different family indicator as the first number , while Sempron remained using the LE prefix, as follows:

Series number
Processor series Indicator
Phenom quad-core (Agena) X4 9
Phenom triple-core (Toliman) X3 8
Athlon dual-core (Kuma) X2 7/6
Athlon single-core (Lima) 1
Sempron LE single-core (Sparta) 1


CPU cores

Amd Athlon 64 X2 Processor Logo

Athlon 64 X2


Manchester (90 nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • CPU-Stepping: E4
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 256, 512 KB fullspeed, per core
  • MMX, Extended 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , NX Bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
  • Socket 939
    Socket 939

    Socket 939 is a CPU socket released by AMD in June 2004 to supersede the previous Socket 754 for Athlon 64 processors. Socket 939 was succeeded by Socket AM2 in May 2006....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (1000 MHz, HT1000)
  • VCore: 1.35 V - 1.4 V
  • Power Consumption (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ): 89 Watt
  • First Release: 1 August, 2005
  • Clockrate: 2000 - 2400 MHz
    • 256 KB L2-Cache:
      • 3600+: 2000 MHz
    • 512 KB L2-Cache:
      • 3800+: 2000 MHz
      • 4200+: 2200 MHz
      • 4600+: 2400 MHz (110 Watt TDP)


Toledo (90 nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • CPU-Stepping: E6
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 512 or 1024 KB fullspeed, per core
  • MMX, Extended 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , NX Bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
  • Socket 939
    Socket 939

    Socket 939 is a CPU socket released by AMD in June 2004 to supersede the previous Socket 754 for Athlon 64 processors. Socket 939 was succeeded by Socket AM2 in May 2006....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (1000 MHz, HT1000)
  • VCore: 1.35 V - 1.4 V
  • Power Consumption (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ):
    • 89 Watt: 3800+, 4200+ and 4400+
    • 110 Watt: 4400+, 4600+ and 4800+
  • First Release: 21 April, 2005
  • Clockrate 2000 - 2400 MHz
    • 512 KB L2-Cache:
      • 3800+: 2000 MHz
      • 4200+: 2200 MHz
      • 4600+: 2400 MHz
    • 1024 KB L2-Cache:
      • 4400+: 2200 MHz
      • 4800+: 2400 MHz


Windsor (90 nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • CPU-Stepping: F2, F3
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 256, 512 or 1024 KB fullspeed, per core
  • MMX, Extended 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , NX Bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
    , AMD-V
  • Socket AM2
    Socket AM2

    The Socket AM2, renamed from Socket M2 , is a CPU socket designed by AMD for desktop processors, including the performance, mainstream and value segments....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (1000 MHz, HT1000)
  • VCore: 1.25 V - 1.35 V
  • Power Consumption (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ):
    • 35 Watt (3800+ EE SFF)
    • 65 Watt (3600+ to 5200+ EE)
    • 89 Watt (3800+ to 6000+)
    • 125 Watt (6000+ to 6400+)
  • First Release: May 23, 2006
  • Clockrate: 2000 MHz - 3200MHz
    • 256 KB L2-Cache:
      • 3600+: 2000 MHz
    • 512 KB L2-Cache: (often mislabeled as Brisbane core)
      • 3800+: 2000 MHz
      • 4200+: 2200 MHz
      • 4600+: 2400 MHz (F2&F3)
      • 5000+: 2600 MHz (F2&F3)
      • 5400+: 2800 MHz (F3)
    • 1024 KB L2-Cache:
      • 4000+: 2000 MHz
      • 4400+: 2200 MHz
      • 4800+: 2400 MHz
      • 5200+: 2600 MHz (F2&F3)
      • 5600+: 2800 MHz (F3)
      • 6000+: 3000 MHz (F3)
      • 6400+: 3200 MHz (F3)


Brisbane (65 nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • CPU-Stepping: G1, G2
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 512 KB fullspeed, per core
  • MMX, Extended 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , NX Bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
    , AMD-V
  • Socket AM2
    Socket AM2

    The Socket AM2, renamed from Socket M2 , is a CPU socket designed by AMD for desktop processors, including the performance, mainstream and value segments....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (1000 MHz, HT1000)
  • VCore: 1.25 V - 1.35 V
  • Die Size: 126 mm˛
  • Power Consumption (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ): 65 Watt
  • First Release: Dec 5, 2006
  • Clockrate: 1900 MHz - 3100MHz
    • 3600+: 1900 MHz
    • 4000+: 2100 MHz
    • 4200+: 2200 MHz (G1&G2)
    • 4400+: 2300 MHz (G1&G2)
    • 4600+: 2400 MHz (G2)
    • 4800+: 2500 MHz (G1&G2)
    • 5000+: 2600 MHz (G1&G2)
    • 5200+: 2700 MHz (G1&G2)
    • 5400+: 2800 MHz (G2)
    • 5600+: 2900 MHz (G2)
    • 5800+: 3000 MHz (G2)
    • 6000+: 3100 MHz (G2)


Athlon X2

'64' was omitted from the name of the Brisbane 'BE' series; the 64-bit marketing campaign initiated by AMD became insignificant once essentially all consumer CPUs became 64-bit processors.

Brisbane (65 nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • CPU-Stepping: G1, G2
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 512 KB fullspeed, per core
  • MMX, Extended 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , NX Bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
    , AMD-V
  • Socket AM2
    Socket AM2

    The Socket AM2, renamed from Socket M2 , is a CPU socket designed by AMD for desktop processors, including the performance, mainstream and value segments....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (1000 MHz, HT1000)
  • VCore: 1.15 V - 1.20 V
  • Die Size: 118 mm˛
  • Power Consumption (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ): 45 Watt
  • First Release: June 1, 2007
  • Clockrate: 1900 MHz - 2600 MHz
    • BE-2300: 1900 MHz
    • BE-2350: 2100 MHz (G1&G2)
    • BE-2400: 2300 MHz (G2)
    • 4050e: 2100 MHz (G2)
    • 4450e: 2300 MHz (G2)
    • 4850e: 2500 MHz (G2)
    • 5050e: 2600 MHz (G2)


Kuma (65nm SOI
Silicon on insulator

Silicon on insulator technology refers to the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon Substrate in place of conventional silicon substrates in semiconductor manufacturing, especially microelectronics, to reduce parasitic device capacitance and thereby improve....
)
  • AMD K10
    AMD K10

    The AMD K10 is Advanced Micro Devices's latest microprocessor microarchitecture. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been cancelled , the first Opteron#micro-architecture update products for servers were launched on September 10, 2007, with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November 11, 2007 as the imm...
     Microarchitecture
  • CPU-Stepping: B3
  • L1-Cache: 64 + 64KB (Data + Instructions), per core
  • L2-Cache: 512 KB fullspeed, per core
  • L3-Cache: 2MB (shared)
  • MMX, SSE
    Streaming SIMD Extensions

    In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! ....
    , SSE2
    SSE2

    SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD instruction sets. SSE2 was first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001....
    , SSE3
    SSE3

    SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set for the IA-32 architecture....
    , SSE4a, Enhanced 3DNow!
    3DNow!

    3DNow! is the trade name of a multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, starting with the K6-2 in 1998. It is an addition of SIMD instructions to the traditional x86 instruction set, designed to improve a central processing unit's ability to perform the vector processing requirements of many graphic-intensive applications....
    , NX bit
    NX bit

    The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors....
    , AMD64
    X86-64

    x86-64 is a superset of the x86. x86-64 Central processing units can run existing 32-bit or 16-bit x86 programs at full speed, but also support new programs written with a 64-bit address space and other additional capabilities....
    , Cool'n'Quiet
    Cool'n'Quiet

    Cool'n'Quiet is a central processing unit CPU throttling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with their Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle....
    , AMD-V
  • Socket AM2+
    Socket AM2+

    Socket AM2+ is a CPU socket, which is the immediate successor to Socket AM2 that is used by several AMD processors such as Athlon 64 X2. Socket AM2+ is a mid-migration from Socket AM2 to Socket AM3 and is fully compatible with Socket AM2, so that processors designed for Socket AM2 work on Socket AM2+ motherboards and vice versa....
    , HyperTransport
    HyperTransport

    HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, Memory latency Point-to-point that was introduced on April 2 2001....
     (2600 MHz, HT3.0)
  • VCore: 1.05V - 1.25V
  • Die Size: 288 mm˛
  • Power Consumption: (TDP
    Thermal Design Power

    The Thermal Design Power represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's Microprocessor cooling system may be designed for a 20 W TDP, which means that it can dissipation 20 watts of heat without exceeding the maximum junction temperature for the chip....
    ): 95 Watt
  • First Release: December 15, 2008
  • Clockrate: 2300 - 2700 MHz
    • 6500BE: 2300 MHz
    • 7450: 2400 MHz
    • 7550: 2500 MHz
    • 7750BE: 2700 MHz


See also

  • List of AMD Athlon X2 microprocessors
    List of AMD Athlon X2 microprocessors

    The Advanced Micro Devices Athlon 64 X2#Athlon X2 microprocessor family consists of microprocessors based on both the Athlon 64 X2 and the Phenom processor families....
  • List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors
    List of AMD Athlon 64 microprocessors

    The Athlon 64 microprocessor from AMD is an eighth-generation CPU targeted at the consumer market....
  • List of AMD microprocessors
    List of AMD microprocessors

    This article gives a list of Advanced Micro Devices microprocessors, sorted by generation and release year. If applicable and openly known, the designation of each processor's core is listed in parentheses....
  • Parallel computing
    Parallel computing

    Parallel computing is a form of computing in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously, operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved Concurrency ....


External links

  • with the Intel Core Duo