Association (ecology)
Encyclopedia
An association is the "ultimate classification level" of ecological systems
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....

. Local conditions permit several understory
Understory
Understory is the term for the area of a forest which grows at the lowest height level below the forest canopy. Plants in the understory consist of a mixture of seedlings and saplings of canopy trees together with understory shrubs and herbs...

 species to coexist with the same overstory dominants, and associations refer to the many co-occurring species rather than just the few dominant ones.

Associations have:
  1. A relatively fixed floristic
    Floristics
    Floristics is a subdomain of botany and biogeography that studies distribution and relationships of plant species over geographic areas.The term is not to be confused with floristry....

     composition
  2. A relatively uniform physiognomy
    Physiognomy
    Physiognomy is the assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face...

  3. A tendency to occur in a consistent type of localized habitat
    Habitat
    * Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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