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Arytenoid cartilage
 
 
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The arytenoid cartilage
Cartilage

Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocyte that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers....
s are a pair of small three-sided pyramid
Pyramid

A pyramid is a building where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral , meaning that a pyramid usually has four or five faces....
s which form part of the larynx
Larynx

The larynx , colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the vertebrate trachea and sound production....
, to which the vocal cords are attached.

Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex.

posterior surface is a triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the Arytænoidei obliquus and transversus.

The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough.






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The arytenoid cartilage
Cartilage

Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocyte that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers....
s are a pair of small three-sided pyramid
Pyramid

A pyramid is a building where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral , meaning that a pyramid usually has four or five faces....
s which form part of the larynx
Larynx

The larynx , colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the vertebrate trachea and sound production....
, to which the vocal cords are attached.

Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex.

Surfaces

The posterior surface is a triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the Arytænoidei obliquus and transversus.

The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process
Vocal process

The anterior angle of the base of the arytenoid cartilage projects horizontally forward; it gives attachment to the vocal ligament, and is called the vocal process....
. The lower part of this crest intervenes between two depressions or foveæ, an upper, triangular, and a lower oblong in shape; the latter gives attachment to the Vocalis muscle.

The medial surface is narrow, smooth, and flattened, covered by mucous membrane
Mucous membrane

The mucous membranes are linings of mostly germ layer origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organ ....
, and forms the lateral boundary of the intercartilaginous part of the rima glottidis
Rima glottidis

The rima glottidis is the opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoids.It is normally subdivided into two parts, that between the arytenoid cartilages is called the intercartilaginous part , and that between the vocal folds the intermembranous part or glottis vocalis....
.

Base and apex

The base of each cartilage is broad, and on it is a concave smooth surface, for articulation with the cricoid cartilage.

  • Its lateral angle is called the muscular process


  • Its anterior angle is called the vocal process
    Vocal process

    The anterior angle of the base of the arytenoid cartilage projects horizontally forward; it gives attachment to the vocal ligament, and is called the vocal process....


The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage.

Function

They allow the vocal cords to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated.

The arytenoids articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together
Adduction

Adduction is a movement which brings a limb ? arm or leg ? closer to the Sagittal#Planes of the body. It is opposed to abduction .This term is also used in reference to the operation of the muscle in anatomy or musculature....
, move apart
Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are employed in sciences dealing with the anatomy of animals to avoid ambiguities which might otherwise arise....
, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate.

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