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Arum is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the family Araceae
Araceae

Araceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like hood....
, native to Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, northern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
, and western Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region.

They are rhizomatous
Rhizome

In botany, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal plant stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes....
, herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 perennial plant
Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. When used by gardeners or horticulturalists, this term applies specifically to perennial herbaceous plants....
s growing to 20-60 cm tall, with sagittate (arrow
Arrow

An arrow is a pointed projectile that is shot with a bow . It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures....
head-shaped) leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 10-55 cm long. The flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s are produced in a spadix
Spadix

In botany, a spadix is a type of raceme: an inflorescence with small flowers crowded on a thickened, fleshy axis. The term is applied to certain monocotyledons, especially members of the Family Araceae called arums or aroids....
, surrounded by a 10-40 cm long, coloured spathe
Spathe

Spathe may refer to:*A hood-like bract, found along with a spadix, of inflorescences on plants in the arum family *A leaf-like bract subtending an inflorescence in various Genus in the dayflower family ...
, which may be white, yellow, brown or purple; some species are scented, others not.






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Encyclopedia


Arum is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the family Araceae
Araceae

Araceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like hood....
, native to Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, northern Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
, and western Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region.

They are rhizomatous
Rhizome

In botany, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal plant stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes....
, herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 perennial plant
Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. When used by gardeners or horticulturalists, this term applies specifically to perennial herbaceous plants....
s growing to 20-60 cm tall, with sagittate (arrow
Arrow

An arrow is a pointed projectile that is shot with a bow . It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures....
head-shaped) leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 10-55 cm long. The flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s are produced in a spadix
Spadix

In botany, a spadix is a type of raceme: an inflorescence with small flowers crowded on a thickened, fleshy axis. The term is applied to certain monocotyledons, especially members of the Family Araceae called arums or aroids....
, surrounded by a 10-40 cm long, coloured spathe
Spathe

Spathe may refer to:*A hood-like bract, found along with a spadix, of inflorescences on plants in the arum family *A leaf-like bract subtending an inflorescence in various Genus in the dayflower family ...
, which may be white, yellow, brown or purple; some species are scented, others not. The fruit
Fruit

The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants....
 is a cluster of bright orange or red berries
Berry

In everyday English, a berry is a broad term for any small edible fruit. Most berries are juicy, round or semi-oblong, brightly coloured, sweet or sour, and don't have a stone or pit....
.

All parts of the plants are poison
Poison

In the context of biology, poisons are Chemical substance that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism....
ous, containing significant amounts of calcium oxalate
Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2C2O4. This dicarboxylic acid is better described with the formula HOOCCOOH....
.

Selected species

  • Arum alpinum
    Arum alpinum

    Arum alpinum is a member the plant family Araceae. Certain occurrences of Arum in Denmark were previously labelled asthe subspecies A. alpinum ssp. danicum, but these are now recognized as Arum cylindraceum....
  • Arum balansanum
  • Arum concinnatum
  • Arum creticum
  • Arum cyrenaicum
  • Arum dioscoridis
  • Arum dracunculus
  • Arum euxinum
  • Arum gratum
  • Arum hygrophilum
  • Arum idaeum
  • Arum italicum
    Arum italicum

    Arum italicum is a member the plant family Araceae. It also known as Cuckoo Pint and Italian Lords-and-Ladies. It is one of two species of Arum native to Britain, the other being Arum maculatum ....
     - Italian Lords-and-Ladies (or Cuckoo Pint)
  • Arum korolkowii
  • Arum maculatum
    Arum maculatum

    Arum maculatum is a common woodland plant species of the Araceae family. It is widespread across temperate northern Europe and is known by an abundance of common names including Wild arum, Lords and Ladies, Jack in the Pulpit, Devils and Angels, Cows and Bulls, Cuckoo-Pint, Adam and Eve, Bobbin...
     - Lords-and-Ladies (or Cuckoo Pint)
  • Arum nigrum
  • Arum palaestinum
  • Arum pictum
  • Arum polyphyllum
  • Arum purpureospathum
  • Arum rupicola
  • Arum triphyllum


There is an interactive key to Arum at the following site: http://www.cate-araceae.org/key/KeyIntroduction.do?id=3