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Artvin Province

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	Topics Artvin Province Topic Home Artvin is a provinceProvinces of Turkey Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish.... in TurkeyTurkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in Sou... , on the Black SeaBlack Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean... coast in the north-eastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia (country)Georgia (country) Georgia , known officially from 1990 to 1995 as the Republic of Georgia, is a country in Eurasia to the east of the Bl... . The provincial capital is the city of ArtvinArtvin Artvin is a city in north-eastern Turkey on the Çoruh River near the Georgian border.... . Etymology (GeorgianGeorgian language Georgian is the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.... : ???????; ArmenianArmenian language The Armenian language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people in the Republic of Armenia, in Georgia ,... : ??????; RussianRussian language Russian is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavic languages.... : ??????, LazLaz language The Laz language is spoken by the Laz people on the Southeast shore of the Black Sea.... :Art'vini). Artvin < Artavani "fertile town" < Armenian Arta, arda "arable field" + vani "district, village, town, church." Artvin had been called Coroksi, Corok, Kollhis or Livane and the area of Artvin today was once part of the larger Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire Overview The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... district of Livane. Geography Artvin is an attractive area of steep valleys carved by the Çoruh RiverÇoruh River The ?oruh River or Ch'orokhi River starts in the Mescit Mountains in the north-eastern Turkey and flows into Georgia... system, surrounded by high mountains (up to 3900 m) and forest with much national parkland including the Karagöl-Sahara, which contains the SavsatSavsat \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... and BorçkaBorçka \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... lakes. The weather in Artvin is very wet, and the forest is every shade of green imaginable. This greenery runs from the top all the way down to the Black SeaBlack Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean... coast. The rain turns to snow at higher altitudes, and the peaks are very cold in winter. The forests are home to brown bearBrown Bear The Brown Bear is a species of bear that can reach masses of 130700kg .... s. The Çoruh is now being dammed in 11 places for hydro-electric power, including the 207 m Deriner dam and others at BorçkaBorçka \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... and MuratliMuratli Muratli is a town and a district of Tekirdag Province in the Marmara region of Turkey.... . In addition to ethnic TurksTurkish people The Turks,, or the Turkish people, are a nation in the meaning an ethnos, defined more by a sense of sharing a com... , the province is home to communities of Laz peopleLaz people The Laz are an ethnic group who live primarily on the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia.... , and HamsheniHamshenis The Hamshenis are an ethnic group of Armenian origin that inhabit the Black Sea coastal areas of Turkey, Russia, and Georgia... ArmeniansArmenians The Armenians are a nation and an ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia.... . In particular, there is a prominent community of ChveneburiChveneburi Chveneburi, meaning "of us" in Georgian, is an autonym of Muslim immigrants of Georgian descent who had settled in non-Georg... Georgians many of them descendants of MuslimMuslim A Muslim is an adherent of Islam.... families from Georgia who migrated during the struggles between the Ottoman Turks and RussiaRussia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... during the 19th century. With such diverse peoples, Artvin has a rich variety of folk song and dance (see ArifanaArifana An entertaining picnic in Turkish that usually takes place in winter.... and Kochari for examples of folk culture). Local industries include bee-keeping. History The area has a rich history but has not been studied extensively by archaeologists in recent decades. Artifacts dating back to the Bronze AgeBronze Age The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced metalworking included technique... and even earlier have been found. The HurriHurrians The Hurrians or Khurrites were a people of the Ancient Near East, who lived in northern Mesopotamia and areas to the ... settled in the Artvin area in 2000 BC and were succeeded by the UrartuUrartu Urartu was an ancient kingdom in eastern Anatolia, centered in the mountainous region around Lake Van , which existed from ... civilisation, based in Lake VanLake Van Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, in the far east of the country.... . Later, the area was part of the kingdom of ColchisColchis In ancient geography, Colchis Georgian: ???????, Kolkheti;was a nearly triangular ancient western Georgian Kingdom... but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across the CaucasusCaucasus The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region in Eurasia bordered on the south by Turkey and Iran in Asia, on the west by the B... , then the ArabArab Overview The Arabs are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, rather than a pure ethnic group, mainly found throughout the ... armies of Islam, who controlled the area from 853 AD to 1023 when it was recovered by the Byzantines. The Seljuk Turks of Alparslan conquered the area in 1064 AD; it was briefly recaptured by the king of Georgia with the help of the Byzantines, but by 1081 was in Turkish hands again. With the collapse of the Seljuks, the Artvin area came under the control of the IldenizIldeniz Shams al-Din Ildeniz or Eldigz was an atabek of Azerbaijan and founder of the Atabegs of Azerbaijan dynasty which held... tribe of the Anatolian Turkish BeyliksAnatolian Turkish Beyliks Anatolian beyliks were small Turkish emirates or muslim principalities governed by tribal beys, which were founded in severa... . Fighting for control between various Turkish clans continued until the Safavid Persians, taking advantage of this infighting, were able to conquer the area in 1502. Eventually the Ottomans of Mehmed IIMehmed II Mehmed II was first the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later from 1451 to 1481.... were able to defeat the Greek state of PontusPontus Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor border... on the Black SeaFacts About Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean... coast and thus control the mountain hinterland too. Subsequent expeditions into the mountains by Selim ISelim I Selim I; also known as "the Grim" or "the Brave", was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520.... gave them control of a number of castles and thus the whole district. By 1627, Artvin was securely in Ottoman hands, part of the sancak of LazistanLazistan Lazistan was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the sout... . This lasted 250 years until the area was ceded to the Russians by the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... following the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), and recovered and again ceded at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish WarFacts About Russo-Turkish War Russo-Turkish War may refer to one of the following conflicts between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire:... of 1877-78. This to and fro-ing from Russia to Turkey continued with the Treaties of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk Summary The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly "Brest-Litovsk", between Russia a... , MoscowFacts About Treaty of Moscow (1921) The Treaty of Moscow was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Bolshevik government of the R... , and KarsTreaty of Kars The Treaty of Kars was a friendship treaty between Turkey and the Soviet governments of the Transcaucasian Republics.... . All this fighting and uncertainty between Russia and Turkey in the late 19th century caused the people of Artvin to suffer terribly, with much of the population moving westwards away from the Russian-controlled zones. Christianity There are many Georgian churches from the period of the Tao-Klarjeti kingdom, such as Oshki, Khakhuli, Ishkhani, Shatberdi, Parkhali, and many others. In 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Armenian-Catholic Diocese of Artvin (Artuinensis Armenorum) for the Armenian CatholicsArmenian Catholic Church After the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with the rest of Oriental Orthodoxy, formally broke off communion from the Chalcedonian... of southern RussiaRussia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... . It was subject to the PatriarchPatriarch For other senses, see Patriarch.Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias... of CiliciaCilicia In Antiquity, Cilicia was the name of a region, now known as ukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast ... in ConstantinopleFacts About Constantinople Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and following its fall in 1453, of the Ottoman Empire until 1930, wh... . Its first bishopBishop Summary A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority.... was Timotheus Astorgi, followed by Antonius Halagi and Joannes Baptista Zaccharian. In 1878, Russia annexed the territory and united the diocese with that of TiraspolTiraspol ame=Tiraspol\|map=Moldadm TIR.png\|county=Transnistria\|... . Russia subsequently prevented the appointment of a new bishop. The Catholic EncyclopediaCatholic Encyclopedia The *Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclo... informs that the city had 5,900 inhabitants in 1894, a mixture of ArmeniansArmenians The Armenians* are a nation and an ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia.... and TurksFacts About Turkish people The Turks,, or the Turkish people, are a nation in the meaning an ethnos, defined more by a sense of sharing a com... . There were nine Armenian Catholic churches, and four schools for boys, and three schools for girls. The diocese of Artvin had 12,000 Armenian Catholics, 25 mission priests, 30 Catholic churches and chapels, and 22 primary schools with almost 900 pupils. The girls were taught by the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin MaryCongregation of the Immaculate Conception Congregation of the Immaculate Conception is the name of five Catholic Congregations:... . Post-1917 The Russians withdrew from Artvin following the BolshevikBolshevik Summary Bolsheviks were members of the Bolshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.... Revolution of 1917; when the First World War ended with the Ottomans on the losing side, British troops moved into the area in 1918, followed by Georgians. There were moves to incorporate Artvin into Georgia but a referendum was called in 1920, and, knowing that the majority of the population were Turks, the Georgians withdrew from Artvin in 1921 by the Treaty of Kars. Places of interest The city of ArtvinArtvin Artvin is a city in north-eastern Turkey on the Çoruh River near the Georgian border.... has an ancient castle and a number of Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire.... period houses, mosques, and fountains. Every June, there is a "bull-wrestling" festival in the high plateau of Kafkasör Popular places for walking and outdoor expeditions. The Kaçkar Mountains are among the most-popular venues for trekking holidays in Turkey. Macahel Valley on the Georgian border, is another popular location for walking holidays. Papart forest in SavsatSavsat Summary \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... Genciyan Hill in SavsatFacts About Savsat \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... , overlooks the border and the Binboga lakes. The lakes of SavsatSavsat \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... and BorçkaBorçka \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... and the crater lake of Kuyruklu. The Çoruh RiverÇoruh River The ?oruh River or Ch'orokhi River starts in the Mescit Mountains in the north-eastern Turkey and flows into Georgia... is excellent for rafting and championships have been held here (although this must be affected by the hydro-electric projects on the river???) There are a number of Georgian churches in the valleys of YusufeliYusufeli Summary Yusufeli is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... . Bilbilan Yaylasi - a typical Turkish high meadow. SavanginSavangin Savangin is a pre-historical natural cave with an inscription written unknown or unsolved alphabet in Yusufeli town of Artvin, Tur... pre-historical caveCave A cave is a natural underground void large enough for an adult human to enter.... with a an inscriptionInscription Inscriptions are words or letters written, engraved, painted, or otherwise traced on a surface and can appear in contexts bo... written unknown or unsolved alphabetAlphabet An alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters — basic written symbols — each of which roughly repres... Well-known residents The singer and politician Zülfü LivaneliZülfü Livaneli ?mer Z?lf? Livaneli is a popular Turkish folk musician , a novelist, newspaper columnist and a film director who has been h... was born into a family from Yusufeli. Folk rock singer, guitarist and composer Kazim KoyuncuKâzim Koyuncu K?zim Koyuncu was a Turkish folk-rock singer, song writer, and activist.... was born in Artvin's Black Sea town of HopaHopa Hopa is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... . The bard of Artvin, poet Turgut Çelik Folk singer Sükriye Tutkun The father of TV personality Beyaz was from a village in ArdanuçArdanuç \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... . Yakov ZarobyanYakov Zarobyan Hakob Zarobian was the 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia from 1960 to 1966.... , 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of ArmeniaArmenia Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked mountainous country in the Southern Caucasus , bordered ... , was born in Artvin in 1908. Districts Artvin province is divided into 8 districtsDistricts of Turkey The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts .... (capital district in bold): ArdanuçArdanuç \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... ArhaviArhavi Arhavi is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... ArtvinArtvin Artvin is a city in north-eastern Turkey on the Çoruh River near the Georgian border.... BorçkaBorçka \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... HopaHopa Hopa is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... MurgulMurgul Murgul is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... SavsatSavsat \|settlement_type = Town\|subdivision_type = Country... YusufeliYusufeli Yusufeli is a district of Artvin Province of Turkey. ... See also ArifanaArifana An entertaining picnic in Turkish that usually takes place in winter.... Kochari TaykTayk In Armenian history writing, the term Tayk is often used as a pars pro toto for the historic northwest Armenian lands wh... Tao-KlarjetiTao-Klarjeti Tao-Klarjeti is the term conventionally used in modern history writing to describe the historic south-western Georgian princ... External links including...