Artocarpus

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Artocarpus

Artocarpus is a genus

Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
of about 60 trees of Southeast Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae

Moraceae

Morus-alba.jpgMoraceae ? often called the mulberry family or fig family ? is a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species....
.

This genus is closely related to and rather difficult to distinguish from the genus Ficus.

They are all laticiferous tree

TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s and a few shrub

Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.

The trees are monoecious

Plant sexuality

Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. This article describes Morphology aspects of sexual reproduction of plants....
, with unisexual flower

Flower

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Encyclopedia

Artocarpus is a genus

Genus

Asia

Moraceae

TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s and a few shrub

Shrub

Plant sexuality

Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous fruit

Fruit

The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants....
, which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated leaves

Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
vary from small and entire (Artocarpus integer) to large and lobed (Artocarpus communis). The cordate leaves of Artocarpus communis end in a long, sharp tip.

Several species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: Artocarpus communis (Breadfruit

Breadfruit

Breadfruit is a species of Flowering plant tree in the Morus family, Moraceae, that is native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific Ocean islands....
), Artocarpus integer (Cempedak

Cempedak

Cempedak or chempedak is a species of tree and its fruit in the family Moraceae. It is native to southeast Asia, occurring in Malaysia, Myanmar, Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines ....
), Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit

Jackfruit

The jackfruit is a species of tree of the mulberry family native to parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is well suited to tropical lowlands....
) and Artocarpus odoratissimus (Marang). In the most recent revision of Artocarpus, the highly variable species Artocarpus communis contains the following three species of breadfruit : Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus mariannensis and Artocarpus camansi.

The name 'Artocarpus' is derived from the Greek words 'artos' ( = bread) and 'karpos' ( = fruit). This name was established by Johann Reinhold Forster

Johann Reinhold Forster

Johann Reinhold Forster was a Germany natural history of partial Scotland descent who made contributions to the early ornithology of Europe and North America....
and J. Georg Adam Forster

Georg Forster

Johann Georg Adam Forster was a Germany natural history, ethnology, travel literature, journalist, and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father on several scientific expeditions, including James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean....
, the father and son team of botanist aboard the HMS Resolution on James Cook

James Cook

Captain James Cook Royal Society Royal Navy was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer, ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy....
's second voyage.

Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical SE Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.

Species

Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules, indicates that there are at least two subgenera in Artocarpus :

subgenus Artocarpus : perianth of fruit is partially connate
subgenus Pseudojaca : perianth entirely connate.

The genus Prainea is closely allied to the subgenus Pseudojaca, and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of Artocarpus. The following list still follows the traditional line.

*Artocarpus altilis - (included in A. communis)

Artocarpus camansi - (included in A. communis)
Artocarpus chaplasha - Chaplaish Bangladesh
Bangladesh

, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
Artocarpus communis - Breadfruit
Breadfruit

Breadfruit is a species of Flowering plant tree in the Morus family, Moraceae, that is native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific Ocean islands....
, Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also African Breadfruit)
Artocarpus elasticus - Bendo
Artocarpus heterophyllus - Nangka, Jackfruit
Jackfruit

The jackfruit is a species of tree of the mulberry family native to parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is well suited to tropical lowlands....
Artocarpus hirsutus - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
Artocarpus integer - Cempedak
Cempedak

Cempedak or chempedak is a species of tree and its fruit in the family Moraceae. It is native to southeast Asia, occurring in Malaysia, Myanmar, Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines ....
Artocarpus lingnanensis
Artocarpus mariannensis - (included in A. communis)
Artocarpus nitidus - Jackfruit
Artocarpus odoratissimus - Marang
Marang

The Johey Oak ? also called Marang, Madang, and Tarap ? is a tree native to Borneo. It is closely related to the Jackfruit, Cempedak, and Breadfruit trees....
Artocarpus rigidus - Monkey Jack
Artocarpus tamaran