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Artaxerxes I of Persia

 
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Artaxerxes I (Latin; Greek ??ta??????; Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
 ?????? ??? (Ardeshir) corruption of Old Persian Artaxšaca, "whose reign is through arta
Asha

Asha or arta is the Avestan language term for a concept of cardinal importance to Zoroastrianism theology and doctrine. In the moral sphere, a?a/arta represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism."  . The opposite of Avestan a?a is druj, "lie."...
 (truth)"; the name has nothing to do with Xerxes
Xerxes

Xerxes may refer to these Persian kings:*Xerxes I of Persia, reigned 485–465 BC, aka Xerxes the Great*Xerxes II of Persia, reigned 424 BC...
) was king of the Persian Empire
Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
 from 465 BC to 424 BC, although other historians would place the beginning of his reign at 475 BC. He was the son of Xerxes I of Persia
Xerxes I of Persia

Xerxes the Great, also known as Xerxes I of Persia, was a Persian Empire of the Achaemenid Empire. X?rxes is the Greek language form of the Old Persian throne name X?ayar?a, meaning "Ruler of heroes"....
.

He is also surnamed ľa????e?? "Macrocheir (Latin = Longimanus)", allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left.






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Artaxerxes I (Latin; Greek ??ta??????; Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
 ?????? ??? (Ardeshir) corruption of Old Persian Artaxšaca, "whose reign is through arta
Asha

Asha or arta is the Avestan language term for a concept of cardinal importance to Zoroastrianism theology and doctrine. In the moral sphere, a?a/arta represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism."  . The opposite of Avestan a?a is druj, "lie."...
 (truth)"; the name has nothing to do with Xerxes
Xerxes

Xerxes may refer to these Persian kings:*Xerxes I of Persia, reigned 485–465 BC, aka Xerxes the Great*Xerxes II of Persia, reigned 424 BC...
) was king of the Persian Empire
Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
 from 465 BC to 424 BC, although other historians would place the beginning of his reign at 475 BC. He was the son of Xerxes I of Persia
Xerxes I of Persia

Xerxes the Great, also known as Xerxes I of Persia, was a Persian Empire of the Achaemenid Empire. X?rxes is the Greek language form of the Old Persian throne name X?ayar?a, meaning "Ruler of heroes"....
.

He is also surnamed ľa????e?? "Macrocheir (Latin = Longimanus)", allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left. The Russian Rurikid
Rurik Dynasty

The Rurik Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus', the successor Russian principalities, and early united Russia, from 862 to 1598.According to the Primary Chronicle, the dynasty was established in 862 by Rurik, the great legendary ruler of Novgorod....
 family Dolgoruki claimed descent from him via the Georgian house of Pahlavuni
Pahlavuni

Pahlavuni was an Armenian nobility family that rose to prominence in the late 10th century during the last years of the Bagratuni Dynasty....
.

After Persia had been defeated at Eurymedon, military action between Greece and Persia was at a standstill. When Artaxerxes I took power, he began a new tradition of weakening the Athenians by funding their enemies in Greece. This indirectly caused the Athenians to move the treasury of the Delian League
Delian League

The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Ancient Greece city-states under the leadership of Classical Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Greco?Persian Wars....
 from the island of Delos
Delos

The island of Delos , isolated in the centre of the roughly circular ring of islands called the Cyclades, near Mykonos, is one of the most important mythological, historical and archaeological sites in Greece....
 to the Athenian acropolis. This funding practice inevitably prompted renewed fighting in 450 BC, where the Greeks attacked at the Battle of Cyprus
Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (450 BC)

The Battle of Salamis took place around 450 BC near Salamis, Cyprus in Cyprus.In 454 BC the Athens-led Delian League lost a fleet in an unsuccessful attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persian Empire....
. After Cimon's failure to attain much in this expedition, the Peace of Callias
Peace of Callias

The Peace of Callias is a purported treaty established around 449 BC between the Delian League and Persian Empire, ending the Persian Wars.The peace was negotiated by Callias, an Athenian politician....
 was agreed between Athens
Athens

Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
, Argos
Argos

Argos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplion, which was its historic harbour, named for Nauplius ....
 and Persia in 449 BC.

Artaxerxes I offered asylum to Themistocles
Themistocles

Themistocles was an Ancient Athens soldier and statesman. As archon in 493 BC, he convinced the Athenians that a powerful fleet was needed to protect them against the Persians....
, who was the winner of the Battle of Salamis
Battle of Salamis

The Battle of Salamis , was a naval battle fought between an Alliance of Greece city-states and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia in September 480 BC in the straits between the mainland and Salamis Island, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens....
, after Themistocles was ostracized from Athens
Athens

Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
.

Portrayal in the Book of Ezra

Artaxerxes commissioned Ezra
Ezra

Ezra was a Jewish priestly scribe who led about 5,000 Babylonian captivity living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem in 459 BC. Ezra reconstituted the dispersed Jewish community on the basis of the Torah and with an emphasis on the law....
, a Jewish priest-scribe, by means of a letter of decree, to take charge of the ecclesiastical and civil affairs of the Jewish nation. A copy of this decree may be found in .

Ezra
Ezra

Ezra was a Jewish priestly scribe who led about 5,000 Babylonian captivity living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem in 459 BC. Ezra reconstituted the dispersed Jewish community on the basis of the Torah and with an emphasis on the law....
 thereby left Babylon in the first month of the seventh year (~ 457 BC) of Artaxerxes' reign, at the head of a company of Jews that included priests and Levites. They arrived in Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 on the first day of the fifth month of the seventh year (Hebrew Calendar
Hebrew calendar

The Hebrew calendar or Jewish calendar is a lunisolar calendar used by Jews, now predominantly for religious purposes. It is used to reckon the Jewish New Year and dates for Jewish holidays, and also to determine appropriate Torah reading of Torah portions, Yahrzeits , and daily Psalm reading, among many ceremonial uses....
).

The rebuilding of the Jewish community in Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 had begun under Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great , , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was a Persian people Shah . He was the founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid dynasty, an empire, perhaps the most wealthy and magnificent in history....
, who had permitted Jews held captive in Babylon, to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple of Solomon. A number of Jews had consequently returned back to Jerusalem in 537 B.C.

Offspring

By queen Damaspia
Damaspia

Damaspia was a queen of Persia, wife of king Artaxerxes I, and mother of Xerxes II, his legitimate heir. She was probably Persian.According to the Ancient Greece historian Ctesias of Cnidus, king Artaxerxes and his wife died the same day , and their corpses were carried to Persia....
  • Xerxes II
By Alogyne of Babylon
Babylon

Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, sometimes considered an empire, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad....
  • Sogdianus
By Cosmartidene of Babylon
  • Darius II
    Darius II of Persia

    Darius II , originally called Ochus and often surnamed Nothus , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 404 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died shortly after December 24, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II....
  • Arsites
By Andia of Babylon
  • Bogapaeus
  • Parysatis
    Parysatis

    Parysatis was the 5th century BCE illegitimate daughter of Artaxerxes I, Emperor of Persia and Andia of Babylon.She was the half-sister of Xerxes II, Sogdianus and Darius II....
    , wife of Darius II Ochus


See also

  • Artoxares
    Artoxares

    Artoxares was a Paphlagonian eunuch, who played a central role during the reigns of Artaxerxes I and Darius II of Persia.According to Ctesias, when he was twenty years old, he participated in an embassy to the rebel satrap Megabyzus....