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Armistice of Mudros

 

 
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The Armistice of Moudros (30 October 1918) ended the hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was fought between the Allies of World War I, primarily the British Empire and the Russian Empire on the one hand, and the Central Powers, primarily the Ottoman Empire and a German Military Mission, on the other....
 between the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 and the Allies of World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
. It was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey
Rauf Orbay

Huseyin Rauf Orbay was a Turkish people naval officer and statesman, born in Istanbul.As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his actions as the captain of the cruiser Hamidiye during the First Balkan War....
 and the British Admiral
Admiral

Admiral is the military rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above Vice Admiral and below Admiral of the Fleet/Fleet Admiral....
 Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe
Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe Order of the Bath, Order of St Michael and St George, Royal Victorian Order , sometimes known as Sir Somerset Calthorpe, was a United Kingdom Royal Navy admiral....
, on board the HMS Agamemnon
HMS Agamemnon (1906)

HMS Agamemnon was one of two Lord Nelson class battleship predreadnought battleships launched in 1906 and completed in 1908. She was the Royal Navy penultimate predreadnought battleship....
 in Moudros
Moudros

Moudros is a Communities and Municipalities of Greece on the island of Lemnos, in the Lesbos Prefecture, Greece. It covers the entire eastern peninsula of the island, with a land area of 185.127 km?....
 harbor on the Greek
Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
 island of Lemnos
Lemnos

Lemnos is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. It is part of the prefecture of Greece of Lesbos Prefecture and has a considerable area, about 477 km?....
.

The Ottomans surrendered their remaining garrisons outside Anatolia
Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
, granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles
Dardanelles

.The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara....
 and the Bosporus
Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus , also known as the Istanbul Strait , is a strait that forms the boundary between the European part of Turkey and its Asian part ....
; and the right to occupy "in case of disorder" any territory in case of a threat to security.






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The Armistice of Moudros (30 October 1918) ended the hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was fought between the Allies of World War I, primarily the British Empire and the Russian Empire on the one hand, and the Central Powers, primarily the Ottoman Empire and a German Military Mission, on the other....
 between the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 and the Allies of World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
. It was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey
Rauf Orbay

Huseyin Rauf Orbay was a Turkish people naval officer and statesman, born in Istanbul.As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his actions as the captain of the cruiser Hamidiye during the First Balkan War....
 and the British Admiral
Admiral

Admiral is the military rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above Vice Admiral and below Admiral of the Fleet/Fleet Admiral....
 Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe
Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe Order of the Bath, Order of St Michael and St George, Royal Victorian Order , sometimes known as Sir Somerset Calthorpe, was a United Kingdom Royal Navy admiral....
, on board the HMS Agamemnon
HMS Agamemnon (1906)

HMS Agamemnon was one of two Lord Nelson class battleship predreadnought battleships launched in 1906 and completed in 1908. She was the Royal Navy penultimate predreadnought battleship....
 in Moudros
Moudros

Moudros is a Communities and Municipalities of Greece on the island of Lemnos, in the Lesbos Prefecture, Greece. It covers the entire eastern peninsula of the island, with a land area of 185.127 km?....
 harbor on the Greek
Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
 island of Lemnos
Lemnos

Lemnos is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. It is part of the prefecture of Greece of Lesbos Prefecture and has a considerable area, about 477 km?....
.

The Ottomans surrendered their remaining garrisons outside Anatolia
Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
, granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles
Dardanelles

.The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara....
 and the Bosporus
Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus , also known as the Istanbul Strait , is a strait that forms the boundary between the European part of Turkey and its Asian part ....
; and the right to occupy "in case of disorder" any territory in case of a threat to security. The Ottoman army was demobilized, and ports, railways, and other strategic points were made available for use by the Allies. In the Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
, Turkey had to retreat to within its pre-war borders.

The armistice was followed with occupation of Constantinople and subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

The Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that occurred after World War I. The huge conglomeration of territories and peoples formerly ruled by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was divided into several new nations....
. The Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty of Sèvres

The Treaty of S?vres was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies of World War I at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises....
 (10 August 1920) followed the armistice, but this treaty was not enacted due to the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish War of Independence

The Turkish War of Independence is the political and military resistance developed by Turkish revolutionaries to the Allies of World War I partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after its defeat in World War I....
.

Literature

  • Laura M. Adkisson Great Britain and the Kemalist Movement for Turkish Independence, 1919-1923, Michigan 1958
  • Paul C. Helmreich From Paris to Sèvres. The Partition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919-1920, Ohio 1974, S. 3-5, der gesamte Vereinbarungstext befindet sich auf S. 341f.
  • Patrick Balfour Kinross Atatürk : a biography of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, New York 1965
  • Sir Frederick B. Maurice The Armistices of 1918, London 1943
  • , Türk Tarih Kurumu