Armelin's calendar
Encyclopedia
In 1888 French astronomer Gustave Armelin has developed a calendar
, which retain the year of twelve months and in which the calendar year of 364 days was divided into 12 months with four equal quarters with 91 days in each one.
Amongst other many and varied proposals Armelin's calendar proposal was discussed chiefly under the auspices of the Société astronomique de France in 1887 and recently in the French Academy of Sciences and was almost adopted in Europe
in 20th century.
The Armelin's project has received the first premium of the French Astronomical Society, but as the World calendar
was not accepted.
Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. The name given to each day is known as a date. Periods in a calendar are usually, though not...
, which retain the year of twelve months and in which the calendar year of 364 days was divided into 12 months with four equal quarters with 91 days in each one.
Amongst other many and varied proposals Armelin's calendar proposal was discussed chiefly under the auspices of the Société astronomique de France in 1887 and recently in the French Academy of Sciences and was almost adopted in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
in 20th century.
Structure
- The year of twelve months is divided into four quarters of three months each, and the arrangements for the first quarter repeat themselves precisely in each of the other quarters. The first month of each quarter has thirty days, the second month thirty days, and the third month thirty-one days. This accounts for 91 days in esch quarter, or 364 days in all.
- The remaining day in ordinary years is "New Year's Day," It is given no other descriptive title. It does not belong to any week or any month. It begins the year. January rst is the day following New Year's Day.
- The 366th day of leap year is likewise an extra day, bearing an appropriate descriptive name, perhaps "Leap Day," but no week-day name, nor ts it a part of any month. It is the day following December 31, and the day preceding New Year's Day. It is assumed to be a holiday — it comes only one year in four. It could follow June 31, if preferred.
- January 1 falls on Monday. From this it results that the first month in each quarter — January, April, July, October — begins on Monday in each and every year, that the second month in each quarter February, May, August, November — begins always on Wednesday; and that the third month in each quarter March, June, September, December — begins always on Friday. The first day of the month never falls on Sunday; the fifteenth day of the month never falls on Sunday; the thirtieth day of the month never falls on Sunday; the last day of each quarter — the thirty-first of March, June, September, December — always falls on Sunday. The.thirty-day months always have four Sundays each; and the thirty-one-day months always have five Sundays each. The number of "week-days" in the month is twenty-six for each and all oi the twelve months.
- As number 91 is multiple to number 7, it turned out that each quarter had 13 weeks and each quarter began with the same day of week. The 365-th day of a year was considered «out of week», it was before the first of January and it was called the New Year Day.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of this simple system must be evident. The months are as nearly equal as they can be made, and in working day's they are absolutely equaL Any given day of any month always falls on the same day of the week. A mind of modest ability will learn in a few minutes the week-day with which each month invariably begins, and will be able to compute quickly the day of the week upon which any day of any month falls. Each stated holiday falls upon its invariable day of the week. Thanksgiving Day falls always on November 30.The Armelin's project has received the first premium of the French Astronomical Society, but as the World calendar
World calendar
The World Calendar is a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar created by Elisabeth Achelis of Brooklyn, New York in 1930.-Features:The World Calendar is a 12-month, perennial calendar with equal quarters. It is perennial, or perpetual, because it remains the same every year.Each quarter begins...
was not accepted.