Ariane 1

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Ariane 1

Ariane I is the first version of the Ariane

Ariane (rocket)

Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. The name comes from the French language spelling of the mythological character Ariadne; the word is also used in French to describe some types of hummingbird....
launcher family.

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Ariane I is the first version of the Ariane

Ariane (rocket)

Technical details

With lift-off mass of 210,000 kg

Kilogram

The kilogram or kilogrammeThe spelling kilogram is used by the International Committee for Weights and Measures and the U.S....
, Ariane I was able to put in geostationary orbit

Geostationary orbit

A geostationary orbit is a geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator , with a period equal to the Earth's rotational period and an orbital eccentricity of approximately zero....
one satellite

Satellite

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an Physical body which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....
or two smaller of a maximal weight of 1850 kg.

Ariane I was a three-stage rocket:

The first stage was equipped with 4 Viking engines developed by the Société Européenne de Propulsion.
The second had a single Viking engine.
The third stage had one LOX
Lox

Lox is salmon Fillet that has been curing . In its most popular form, it is thinly sliced—less than in thickness—and, typically, served on a bagel, often with cream cheese and capers....
/LH2 bipropellant engine capable of a thrust
Thrust

Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Isaac Newton's Newton's laws of motion. When a system expels or acceleration mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system....
of 7,000 kgf
Kilogram-force

The unit kilogram-force or kilopond is defined as the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass by a gravitational field ....
(69 kN).

This design would be kept until Ariane 4

Ariane 4

Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace....
.

Launch history

The first launch was on December 24, 1979, and was successful. The second launch, in 1980, failed shortly after launch due to a combustion instability in one of the Viking first stage engines. The third launch succeeded in orbiting three satellites, and the fourth and last qualification launch was also a success.

During the next launch, the first commercial one, the rocket ceased functioning after 7 minutes of flight due to a turbopump failure in the third stage. After a complete review of the launcher, the next 6 flights were all successful.

The Giotto mission

Giotto mission

Giotto was a European robotic spacecraft mission from the European Space Agency, intended to fly by and study Comet Halley. On 13 March 1986, the mission succeeded in approaching Halley's nucleus at a distance of 596 kilometers....
's spaceprobe was successfully launched on the tenth Ariane 1 (flight V14) on July 2, 1985.

The first SPOT

SPOT (satellites)

SPOT is a high-resolution, optical imaging Earth observation satellite system operating from space. It is run by Spot Image based in Toulouse, France....
satellite was put into orbit

ORBit

ORBit is a Common Object Request Broker Architecture 2.4 compliant Object Request Broker . It features mature C , C++ and Python bindings, and less developed bindings for Perl, Lisp , Pascal , Ruby , and Tcl....
by the eleventh and last launch of Ariane I, which was on February 22, 1986.