Argentine Declaration of Independence

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Argentine Declaration of Independence

What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
was declared on July 9 1816 by the Congress

Congress of Tucumán

The Congress of Tucum?n was the representative assembly of the United Provinces of the River Plate formed in 1816, initially meeting in Tucum?n....
of Tucumán

Tucumán

San Miguel de Tucum?n is the largest city in northern Argentina, with a population of 525,853 per the . The metropolitan area totals 806,000, making it the fifth-largest in the country....
. Actually, Argentina was not a country yet; the congressmen joined in Tucuman declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America (still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic).

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Congress of Tucumán

The Congress of Tucum?n was the representative assembly of the United Provinces of the River Plate formed in 1816, initially meeting in Tucum?n....
of Tucumán

Tucumán

Santa Fe Province

Santa Fe is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes Province, Entre R?os, Buenos Aires Province, C?rdoba Province, Argentina, and Santiago del Estero Province....
, Entre Ríos

Entre Rios

Entre Rios may refer to:*Entre R?os Province, Argentina*Republic of Entre R?os, a former South American country*Entre Rios, Santa Catarina, a city of the Santa Catarina State, Brazil...
and Corrientes

Corrientes

Corrientes is the capital city of the Provinces of Argentina of Corrientes Province, Argentina, located on the eastern shore of the Paran? River, about 1,000 km from Buenos Aires and 300 km from Posadas, Misiones, on National Route 12 ....
were expelled from the congress, along with Banda Oriental, present-day Uruguay. At the same time, several provinces from the Alto Perú were represented that would later become part of present-day Bolivia.

The May Revolution of 1810 followed the deposition of the Spanish

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
king Fernando VII

Ferdinand VII of Spain

Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....
by Napoleon. The revolution terminated the authority of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate and replaced it with the Primera Junta

Primera Junta

The Primera Junta or First Assembly is the name given by history to the first government that appeared in Argentina after the May Revolution....
.

When the king returned in 1814, Spain was determined to recover control over its colonies in the Americas

Americas

The Americas are the region of the Western hemisphere that consists of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions....
. The royals were victorious at the battles of Sipe-Sipe

Battle of Sipe-Sipe

The Battle of Sipe-Sipe was an important battle in the South American wars of independence in which the United Provinces of R?o de la Plata were decisively defeated by Spanish royalist forces in Alto Per? ....
, Huaqui

Battle of Huaqui

The Battle of Huaqui...
, Vilcapugio

Battle of Vilcapugio

The Battle of Vilcapugio was fought on October 1, 1813 during the Campaign of Alto Peru in the Argentine War of Independence, where the pro-independence forces led by General Manuel Belgrano were defeated by the pro-Spanish Royalists, led by Joaquin de la Pezuela....
and Ayohuma

Battle of Ayohuma

The Battle of Ayohuma was fought on November 14, 1813, during the Upper Peru Campaign of the Argentine War of Independence. The Independentist forces of the Northern Army led by General Manuel Belgrano were defeated by the Royalists, led by Joaqu?n de la Pezuela....
, in what had been the Viceroyalty of Peru

Viceroyalty of Peru

Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish Empire South America, governed from the capital of Lima....
. From there they planned to attack the bases of José de San Martín

José de San Martín

Jos? Francisco de San Mart?n Matorras, also known as Jos? de San Mart?n , was an Argentina general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain....
, and to make their way to Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
.

On April 15 1815, a revolution ended the mandate of Carlos María de Alvear

Carlos María de Alvear

Carlos Mar?a de Alvear was an Argentina soldier and statesman, Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the River Plate in 1815....
and demanded that a General Congress be summoned. Delegate deputies, each representing 15,000 inhabitants, were sent from all the provinces

Provinces of Argentina

Argentina is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one federal district . The federal district and the provinces have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system....
to the sessions, which started on March 24 1816. However, several territories that had until then belonged to the Viceroyalty of the River Plate did not send delegates: the Banda Oriental ("Eastern Bank", today Uruguay

Uruguay

Uruguay is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.46 million people, of whom 1.7 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area....
), which was faithful to José Gervasio Artigas

José Gervasio Artigas

Jos? Gervasio Artigas Arnal is a national hero of Uruguay, sometimes called "the father of Uruguayan independence"....
; Paraguay

Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay , is one of the only two landlocked countries in South America . It lies on both banks of the Paraguay River and is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest....
, which had already proclaimed its independence; and the Gran Chaco

Gran Chaco

The Gran Chaco , is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region, of the R?o de la Plata basin, divided between eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso....
, still fighting the aboriginal

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....
resistance.

The congress was inaugurated in the city of Tucumán

Tucumán

San Miguel de Tucum?n is the largest city in northern Argentina, with a population of 525,853 per the . The metropolitan area totals 806,000, making it the fifth-largest in the country....
, with 33 deputies. The presidency of the congress would be rotated monthly. Because the congress had the freedom to choose topics to debate, endless discussions ensued.

The voting finally ended on July 9 with a declaration of independence. The president of the Congress at the time was Francisco Narciso de Laprida

Francisco Narciso de Laprida

Francisco Narciso de Laprida was an Argentina lawyer and politician. He was a deputy for San Juan, Argentina at the Congress of Tucum?n, and president of it on July 9 1816, when the Declaration of Independence of Argentina took place....
, delegate from San Juan Province. Subsequent discussions centered on what form of government the emerging state should adopt.

The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
in 1817, but it dissolved in 1820 after the Battle of Cepeda

Battle of Cepeda (1820)

The Battle of Cepeda of 1820 took place on February 1 of that year in Ca?ada de Cepeda, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.It was the first battle that saw Unitarian Party and Federales as two constituted sides....
, which deepened the differences between the Unitarian Party

Unitarian Party

Unitarianists were the proponents of the concept of a centralized government in Buenos Aires during the civil wars which shortly followed the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816....
and the Federales Argentina

Federales (Argentina)

Federales was the name under which the supporters of federalism in Argentina were known, opposing the Unitarian Party that claimed a centralised government of Buenos Aires Province, with no participation of the other provinces of Argentina of the custom taxes benefits of the Buenos Aires port....
.

The house where the declaration was adopted has been rebuilt and is now a museum and monument: the House of Tucumán

House of Tucumán

The House of Tucum?n is a historical building and museum located in Tucum?n, Argentina, where an assembly of delegates from several provinces of the country Declaration of Independence of Argentina from Spain on 9 July, 1816....
.

Signatories of the declaration

Francisco Narciso de Laprida
Francisco Narciso de Laprida

Francisco Narciso de Laprida was an Argentina lawyer and politician. He was a deputy for San Juan, Argentina at the Congress of Tucum?n, and president of it on July 9 1816, when the Declaration of Independence of Argentina took place....
, Deputy for San Juan, President
Mariano Boedo
Mariano Boedo

File:Mariano Boedo.jpgMariano Boedo was an Argentina statesman and soldier. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Salta
Salta Province

Salta is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa Province, Chaco Province, Santiago del Estero Province, Tucum?n Province and Catamarca Province....
, Vice-president
José Mariano Serrano
José Mariano Serrano

Jos? Mariano Serrano was a Bolivian-born statesman and jurist. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n of 9 July 1816 which Argentine Declaration of Independence of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate and presided over the assembly that declared the independence of Bolivia....
, Deputy for Charcas
Charcas

Charcas is the name of*Charcas Province - a province in the Bolivian Departamento Potos?*Real Audiencia of Charcas - one of six political units of the Viceroyalty of Peru...
(present-day Bolivia
Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia , named after Sim?n Bol?var, is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west....
), Secretary
Juan José Paso
Juan José Paso

Juan Jos? Paso, was an Argentina politician who participated in the events that started the Argentine War of Independence known as May Revolution of 1810....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
, Secretary
Dr. Antonio Sáenz
Antonio Sáenz

Antonio S?enz was an Argentina statesman, educator and cleric. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n of July 9, 1816 which Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
Dr. José Darragueira
José Darragueira

Jos? Darregueira was a Peruvian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
Frair Cayetano José Rodríguez
Cayetano José Rodríguez

Cayetano Jos? Rodr?guez was an Argentina cleric, journalist and poet. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n of 9 July 1816 which Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
Dr. Pedro Medrano
Pedro Medrano

Pedro Medrano was a Uruguayan-born Argentina statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
Dr. Manuel Antonio Acevedo
Manuel Antonio Acevedo

Manuel Antonio Acevedo was an Argentina statesman, lawyer and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Catamarca
Catamarca Province

Catamarca is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca....
Dr. José Ignacio de Gorriti
José Ignacio de Gorriti

General Jos? Ignacio de Gorriti was an Argentina statesman, soldier and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Salta
Salta Province

Salta is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa Province, Chaco Province, Santiago del Estero Province, Tucum?n Province and Catamarca Province....
Dr. José Andrés Pacheco de Melo
José Andrés Pacheco de Melo

Jos? Andr?s Pacheco de Melo was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Chibchas (present-day Bolivia
Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia , named after Sim?n Bol?var, is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west....
)
Dr. Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante
Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante

Teodoro S?nchez de Bustamante was an Argentina statesman, lawyer and soldier. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Jujuy
Jujuy Province

Jujuy is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta Province to the east and south....
Eduardo Pérez Bulnes
Eduardo Pérez Bulnes

Eduardo P?rez Bulnes was an Argentina statesman. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Córdoba
Córdoba Province (Argentina)

C?rdoba is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its capital, C?rdoba, Argentina, is the second largest city in the country....
Tomás Godoy Cruz
Tomás Godoy Cruz

Tom?s Godoy Cruz was an Argentina statesman and businessman. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on July 9, 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Mendoza
Mendoza Province

Mendoza is one of the Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo, Argentina region. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Juan Province, Argentina, San Luis Province, La Pampa,and Neuqu?n Province....
Dr. Pedro Miguel Aráoz
Pedro Miguel Aráoz

Pedro Miguel Ar?oz was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Tucumán
Tucumán Province

Tucum?n is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The capital is San Miguel de Tucum?n, often shortened to Tucum?n....
Dr. Esteban Agustín Gazcón
Esteban Agustín Gazcón

Esteban Agust?n Gazc?n was a Bolivian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....
Pedro Francisco de Uriarte
Pedro Francisco de Uriarte

Pedro Francisco Uriarte was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Santiago del Estero
Santiago del Estero Province

Santiago del Estero is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the north of the country. Neighbouring provinces are from the north clockwise Salta Province, Chaco Province, Santa Fe Province, C?rdoba Province, Argentina, Catamarca Province and Tucum?n Province....
Pedro León Gallo
Pedro León Gallo

Pedro Le?n D?az Gallo was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Santiago del Estero
Santiago del Estero Province

Santiago del Estero is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the north of the country. Neighbouring provinces are from the north clockwise Salta Province, Chaco Province, Santa Fe Province, C?rdoba Province, Argentina, Catamarca Province and Tucum?n Province....
Pedro Ignacio Rivera
Pedro Ignacio Rivera

Pedro Ignacio Rivera was a Bolivian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Mizque
Mizque Province

Mizque is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Mizque.The province, in 1992, had a population of 27,959 inhabitants, mostly Indigenous peoples of the Americas citizens of Quechuas descent....
(present-day Bolivia
Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia , named after Sim?n Bol?var, is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west....
)
Dr. Mariano Sánchez de Loria
Mariano Sánchez de Loria

Mariano S?nchez de Loria was an Bolivian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Charcas
Charcas

Charcas is the name of*Charcas Province - a province in the Bolivian Departamento Potos?*Real Audiencia of Charcas - one of six political units of the Viceroyalty of Peru...
(present-day Bolivia
Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia , named after Sim?n Bol?var, is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west....
)
Dr. José Severo Malabia
José Severo Malabia

Jos? Severo Malabia was an Bolivian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Charcas
Charcas

Charcas is the name of*Charcas Province - a province in the Bolivian Departamento Potos?*Real Audiencia of Charcas - one of six political units of the Viceroyalty of Peru...
(present-day Bolivia
Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia , named after Sim?n Bol?var, is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west....
)
Dr. Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros
Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros

Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for La Rioja
La Rioja Province (Argentina)

La Rioja is a one of the provinces of Argentina and is located in the west of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Catamarca Province, C?rdoba Province, Argentina, San Luis Province and San Juan Province, Argentina....
Lic. Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera
Gerónimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera

Ger?nimo Salguero de Cabrera y Cabrera was an Argentina statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n, which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Córdoba
Córdoba Province (Argentina)

C?rdoba is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its capital, C?rdoba, Argentina, is the second largest city in the country....
Dr. José Colombres
José Colombres

File:JoseEusebioColombres.JPGJos? Eusebio Colombres was an Argentina statesman and bishop. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n of 9 July 1816 which Argentine Declaration of Independence, and is credited with the foundation of the important sugar cane industry in Tucum?n Province....
, Deputy for Catamarca
Catamarca Province

Catamarca is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca....
Dr. José Ignacio Thames
José Ignacio Thames

Jos? Ignacio Thames was an Argentina statesman and priest. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on July 9, 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Tucumán
Tucumán Province

Tucum?n is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The capital is San Miguel de Tucum?n, often shortened to Tucum?n....
Frair Justo de Santa María de Oro
Justo de Santa María de Oro

Justo de Santa Mar?a de Oro y Albarrac?n was an Argentina statesman and bishop. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for San Juan
José Antonio Cabrera
José Antonio Cabrera

Jos? Antonio Cabrera y Cabrera , was an Argentina statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Córdoba
Córdoba Province (Argentina)

C?rdoba is a Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its capital, C?rdoba, Argentina, is the second largest city in the country....
Dr. Juan Agustín Maza
Juan Agustín Maza

Juan Agust?n Maza was an Argentina statesman and lawyer. He was a deputy to the Congress of Tucum?n which on 9 July 1816 Argentine Declaration of Independence....
, Deputy for Mendoza
Mendoza Province

Mendoza is one of the Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo, Argentina region. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Juan Province, Argentina, San Luis Province, La Pampa,and Neuqu?n Province....
Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, Deputy for Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Province

Buenos Aires Province is the most populated Provinces of Argentina of Argentina. The city of Buenos Aires, located next to provincial territory, is an autonomous city and not part of the province....

Argentine Declaration of Independence

Signatories of the declaration

See also